Funding Source Research Articles

Bibliometric Analysis of Herbal Treatments for Male Infertility: Trends, Efficacy, and Future Directions

Male infertility, which affects approximately 7% of men worldwide, contributes significantly to overall infertility rates. This condition stems from complex genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Conventional treatments, including pharmacological and surgical options, often have limited efficacy and can cause adverse side effects, prompting growing interest in alternative treatments, particularly herbal medicine. This bibliometric analysis investigates trends, efficacy, safety, and future directions in the use of herbal treatments for male infertility. Using Scopus data and Biblioshiny for network visualization, the analysis evaluates publication trends, geographical and institutional contributions, funding sources, and the primary themes addressed in the field up to 2024. Findings indicate increasing research interest, particularly in China, Iran, and India, where traditional medicine systems like Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda are culturally significant. Despite promising results, especially from herbs such as Withania somnifera and Tribulus terrestris, the field lacks standardized formulations and rigorous clinical trials that confirm these remedies’ efficacy and safety. This study highlights the need for standardized methodologies and expanded international collaborations to ensure the global applicability of findings. Further research is essential to integrate these herbal treatments effectively into mainstream medical practices, offering culturally sensitive and scientifically validated treatment options.

Synergies and dis-synergies between universal health coverage and global health security: A case study of Cambodia.

After the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global community's increased focus on pandemic preparedness has driven efforts such as the Pandemic Treaty proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pandemic Fund managed by the World Bank. While these initiatives will enhance countries' capabilities in pandemic preparedness, synergies could be achieved by exploring the intersections between universal health coverage (UHC) and global health security (GHS). This is particularly relevant for developing countries like Cambodia. As it transitions to higher income status and reduces its reliance on external funding, the synergistic development of UHC and GHS will help Cambodia maximise health investment and align with its population health goals. We aimed to identify synergies and dis-synergies between UHC and GHS and recommend implementations that the government can consider moving forward. We conducted a rapid review of policy documents based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Health System Framework and undertook consultations with key stakeholders in Cambodia. Our findings show the synergies between the two agendas in Cambodia resulted from having a central coordinating authority through the Ministry of Health (MoH), an extensive primary care network, and intersecting human resources that drive both UHC and GHS. We also identified potential dis-synergies such as vertical programmes and funding sources, inadequate regulation and engagement of the private sector, and underutilisation of information and data. Recommendations include cross-consultations between departments within the MoH when developing policies in GHC or UHC, and training programmes to increase awareness of the synergies between UHC and GHS. Our findings reinforce those of previous case studies in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Ghana, offering recommendations for building resilient health systems by integrating UHC and GHS.

Aphasia centre science: What makes an aphasia centre work?

ABSTRACT Background People with aphasia are often discharged from rehabilitation services with chronic communication disability, ongoing challenges in participation, and limited access to long-term support. Aphasia centres aim to fill this gap through the provision of dedicated aphasia programming within a social model of care. Preliminary research suggests that aphasia centres are effective in improving linguistic and psychosocial outcomes, however, the mechanisms by which this occurs are less clear. Aims (1) To describe the structure and operation of aphasia centres internationally; (2) To describe the factors perceived to contribute to aphasia centre effectiveness and sustainability. Methods and Procedures Explanatory, sequential mixed-methods design. A quantitative online survey was used to gather information about the structure and operations of existing aphasia centres. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Semi-structured email interviews explored participant perceptions of factors contributing to centre outcomes and sustainability. Interview data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Outcomes and Results Fourteen aphasia centres were included in the sample, and all reported offering therapy that was predominantly activity and participation focused and group based. In terms of staffing profile, allied health professionals, specifically speech pathologists, were employed in the greatest numbers. An “effective” centre was conceptualised as one that meets the complex needs of consumers. Committed staff, a sense of community, person-centred service provision and consumer involvement were perceived to be key factors influencing effectiveness. Diversification of funding was perceived to be critical to sustainability. Conclusions Involving consumers in centre operations, facilitating social connectedness and community networks and diversifying funding sources was perceived to contribute to service effectiveness and sustainability. Financial constraints and sufficient staffing remained globally recognised barriers to continued operation.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Fast Food Vending in Nnewi Metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria

This study on the socioeconomic determinants of fast food vending in Nnewi metropolitan city, Anambra State, Nigeria specifically established the socioeconomic characteristics of fast food vendors, various fast food vending prevalence in the study area, profitability of fast food vending, socioeconomic characteristics of fast food vendors that influences net return and constraints to fast food vendors in the study area. Simple random techniques was used to select 120 vendors for the study. Findings from socioeconomic characteristics shows that majority of the vendors/marketers are within the age limit of 40-49 years. Findings from various fast food marketing prevalence in the study area shows that fried Akara and palp had (29.16%) which stands to be the highest fast food vending in the study area. Finding from estimated monthly profitability of fast food marketing shows that the transaction generated a gross margin of N1,720,909.83.00, net marketing income of N1,515,369.83 and net return on investment of 0.37. The implication of the net return on investment is that the marketers return 37 kobo for every 1 Naira invested in the business. Finding from influence of socioeconomic characteristics on net marketing income of fast food vending shows that out of the nine predictors included in the model, only four were significant namely gender, household, source of finance and marketing experience. Finding from constraints shows that that expensive tax (several collection from government) (M= 3.05) was perceived as the most serious challenge in fast food vending in the study area. Too much collection from government and its agency should be addressed by government and relevant stake holders and government should formulate a programs to train these vendors to align to world class vending were recommended. Keywords: Fast-food, determinants, vending, marketing, profitability.

Rapid response of lichen planus to baricitinib associated with suppression of cytotoxic CXCL13+ CD8+ T-cells.

Cutaneous lichen planus (LP) is a recalcitrant, difficult-to-treat, inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic, flat-topped, violaceous papules on the skin. Baricitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor that interrupts the signaling pathway of interferon gamma (IFN)-γ, a cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of LP. In this phase II trial, twelve patients with cutaneous LP received baricitinib 2 mg daily for 16 weeks, accompanied by in-depth spatial, single-cell, and bulk transcriptomic profiling of pre- and post-treatment samples. An early and sustained clinical response was seen, with 83.3% of patients responsive at week 16. Our molecular data identified a unique, oligoclonal IFN-γ, CD8+, CXCL13+ cytotoxic T-cell population in LP skin and demonstrated a rapid decrease in IFN signature within 2 weeks of treatment, most prominently in the basal layer of the epidermis. This study demonstrates the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of JAK inhibition in LP. NCT05188521.ROLE OF FUNDING SOURCE. Eli Lilly, Appignani Benefactor Funds, 5P30AR075043, Mayo Clinic Clinical Trials Stimulus Funds.

Analisis Efisiensi dan Efektivitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa pada Kantor Desa Kalebarembeng Kecamatan Bontonompo Kabupaten Gowa

This research aims to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of budget management in Kalebarembeng village, Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative with the formula: Efficiency Ratio and Effectiveness Ratio. The data processed is primary data in the form of a report on the realization of the village income and expenditure budget using Kalebarembeng village government funding sources for the 2019-2023 period. The results of the research show that the level of efficiency in managing the Kalembarembeng village budget is still in the less efficient category, but the level of effectiveness is in the effective category. This situation means that the goals of the Kalebarembeng village government can be achieved but at very high costs.

The Impact of SME Financing Policies on Financial Reporting: A Case Study

Considering financing crucial for the daily survival of entities, it is fundamental to understand the impact of the measures taken by companies regarding the financing obtained. Therefore, the study aims to analyse the impact of financing policies on the financial reporting of entities through an analysis of the financial statements for the year 2021 of three entities. After analysing the results, it is demonstrated that bank loans are the main source of financing used by entities to fund their investments. However, it is noted that the entities under analysis seek external sources of financing, which has significantly increased their financial dependence. Therefore, when compared to their industry sector, these entities have a much lower level of financing via Equity. Regarding the financing costs incurred by their financing policies, it is observed that these are significantly high, mainly in relation to the weight of financing costs in total EBITDA, which impacts the net result of the period. Finally, the high impact of the rise in the Euribor rate on financing costs in 2023 was demonstrated. Thus, it is evident that in relation to other sources of financing, their respective expenses will increase dramatically, potentially greatly affecting the results of the companies.

The Influence of Firm Characteristics and Macroeconomic Factors on Financial Performance: Evidence from the Portuguese Hotel Industry

This study examines the determinants of the financial performance of the Portuguese hotel industry. Despite the economic relevance of the hotel industry and financial performance as an indicator of business survival, academic research on the factors that influence it in the context of this industry, particularly in Portugal, is not extensive. This study encompassed a sample of 738 hotel companies from 2016 to 2021, using data from the Orbis database. This research was based on the assumption that a company’s size, liquidity, the tangibility of its assets, and debt level influence financial performance in the hotel industry, as well as the assumption that gross domestic product and consumer sentiment also affect the business success of hotel companies. By applying a panel data methodology, the findings indicate that all variables showed significant influence on financial performance, except liquidity. The analysis also reveals that smaller companies were more negatively affected by the demand decline induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. To improve the financial performance of the Portuguese hotel industry, the findings suggest that policymakers must work towards ensuring diversified sources of financing for the hotel business, such as investment subsidies, so that companies can minimize debt, especially during periods of slow economic growth. Additionally, companies must promote management strategies that enhance self-financing. Both measures could help companies increase their size, taking advantage of good business opportunities to explore economies of scale.

Conceptualizing Research Relationships to Enhance Broader Impacts at the University of New Mexico

This paper focuses on enhancing researchers’ ability to articulate and achieve societal impacts in their work using the ARIS Broad Impact (BI) Toolkit as a jumping off point. The authors conducted a survey of UNM researchers to understand their approach to societal impact and relationship-building in research projects. The key findings suggest that 1) researchers across disciplines and funding sources value societal impacts in their work; 2) most UNM researchers engage in collaborative relationships as part of their efforts to achieve broader societal impacts; and 3) while researchers feel confident in conceptualizing and carrying out activities related to broader societal impacts, they are less confident in writing BI statements for NSF proposals. Based on these findings, the authors recommend that research development professionals 1) emphasize the importance of finding meaning in research through its broader social impacts; 2) develop tools to support more intentional relationship-building in research projects; and 3) provide resources to help researchers translate their ideas into effective BI statements for proposals. The paper concludes by highlighting areas for further research, including student engagement, mentorship, and institutional questions about BI project development and evaluation. The authors argue that addressing these areas is crucial for enhancing the societal value and effectiveness of scholarly work, ultimately driving significant positive change through research.

Abstract 4144560: Phase 2 Open-label, Single-arm, Multi-center Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Camostat Mesylate in Patients with Protein-losing Enteropathy after Fontan Operation-Preliminary Outcome

Introduction: Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a multifaceted condition that profoundly affects the systemic health and quality of life of Fontan patients. Despite medical progress, the treatment of PLE remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of Camostat Mesylate for managing PLE patients who have undergone the Fontan operation. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that Camostat Mesylate will enhance the gut environment, resulting in increase of serum albumin levels and decrease of stool alpha-1 antitrypsin levels in PLE patients following Fontan operation. Methods: This phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial included patients over 4 years old diagnosed with PLE following Fontan operation. Camostat Mesylate was added to conventional treatments, with follow-up assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months, and a final evaluation one month after discontinuation. Efficacy was measured by changes in serum albumin, stool alpha-1 antitrypsin levels, and PLE symptoms such as diarrhea, edema, weight changes, and ascites. Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled in the study, of whom fifteen patients completed follow-up as per protocol. The median age was 15 years (interquartile range, 12.0-21.3). The median time between the Fontan operation and PLE diagnosis was 2.4 years. Serum albumin levels increased from 2.5 to 2.6 g/dL (p=0.504), and stool alpha-1 antitrypsin levels decreased significantly from 280.0 to 172.1 mg/dL (p=0.033). Notably, patients with diarrhea at baseline showed substantial improvement in both parameters, with increased serum albumin levels from 1.8 to 2.2 g/dL and decreased stool alpha-1 antitrypsin levels from 220.3 to 80.2 mg/dL. No serious adverse events were reported during study period. Conclusions: Camostat Mesylate demonstrated safety and efficacy, reducing stool alpha-1 antitrypsin in PLE patients after Fontan operation, especially those with diarrhea at baseline. Therefore, Camostat Mesylate could be considered as an additional treatment option for patients with PLE following Fontan operation. Key words: Camostat mesylate; protein-losing enteropathy; Fontan operation Source of Funding: This research was funded by SNUH Lee Kun-hee Child Cancer&Rare Disease Project, Republic of Korea.

Kingston Student Housing Co‐operative: Budgeting and Governance in a Global Crisis*

ABSTRACTThis field research case focuses on a housing cooperative based in Kingston, Ontario. The key issue is the need to craft a budget to support the general manager, Brent Bellamy, as he plans for the coming academic year. Because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, Queen's University suspended in‐person classes for the 2020–2021 school year. The Kingston Student Housing Co‐operative (KSHC) depends on student members who attend Queen's to stay in its rooms and participate in its operations and governance structure. With Queen's effectively shutting down, KSHC's key source of funds will be absent for the coming year. Brent needs help recalculating the budget for the coming year, leading to advice on some of his strategic options. He is also worried about other issues at KSHC: (1) the organization's long‐time bookkeeper has just given notice of her intent to retire, and he must evaluate the bookkeeping tasks that were her responsibility; (2) he has concerns about the governance structure, which sees a lack of continuity in the board of directors between years; and (3) KSHC was considering a significant build project prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic that Brent would like to advance. In considering these issues, Brent must acknowledge and respect the unique nature of a cooperative as a member‐owned nonprofit organization based on certain cooperative principles.

Financial support for guaranteed medical care and indicators of the health capital of the Russian population

BACKGROUND: Financial support for medical care is one of the conditions for the implementation of the state’s social objectives and strategic provision of the required level of health capital for the population. Financial resources of compulsory health insurance account for more than 48% in the structure of sources of financing of guaranteed medical care. AIM: Analysis of the relationship between basic integral indicators of population health capital and the level of financial security of medical care within the framework of the compulsory health insurance program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out using the method of correlation and regression analysis, the method of constructing time series, comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators. RESULTS: Financial support for medical care within the framework of compulsory medical insurance in 2011-2022. was characterized by significant underfunding and a decrease in the coverage of the population with timely and high-quality medical care. Government expenditures within the framework of compulsory health insurance are determined by the dynamics of GDP per capita. The volume of expenses for the provision of guaranteed medical care does not directly determine the level of life expectancy, birth rate and disability of the population. The scale of financial support within the framework of compulsory health insurance only partially mediates the variation in such indicators of health capital as natural population growth and the level of general morbidity. CONCLUSION: The absence of a formalized positive correlation between indicators of the volume of state financial resources within the framework of compulsory medical insurance and indicators of health capital for 2011-2022, revealed in the framework of the study. can be considered as a direction for increasing the efficiency of the organizational and economic mechanism for using limited resources.

The Political Economy of Variations in Energy Debt Financing by Two Chinese Policy Banks in Africa

ABSTRACTThis article examines the puzzle of why China's two policy banks, China Development Bank (CDB) and the Export‐Import Bank of China (Eximbank), have lending portfolios for power‐generation projects in Africa that have drastically different levels of carbon dioxide emissions. From the supplier side, Eximbank balances two imperatives: Beijing's ideational ambition as a new development provider to African recipients with sustainability commitments, and China's industrial goal to offshore non‐renewable capacity. In contrast, the CDB prioritizes its commercial interests, which results in the bank lending solely for coal projects. On the demand side, Eximbank's concessional capital has emerged as a second‐best option among international financial sources for renewable and hydropower generation projects. Conversely, CDB's market‐rate lending makes it the fiscal last resort for host countries seeking financial support for thermal‐power projects which are shunned by other financiers. This divergence can be understood through the polycentric development finance model, which captures the parallel decision‐making institutions governing Chinese energy financing in Africa. Specifically, the lending decisions of Eximbank are linked with institutionalized policy processes, translating priorities of Chinese and African state actors. Meanwhile, the loan origination processes of CDB are more independent of state actors, allowing greater autonomy for the financier to pursue commercial interests.

Liquidity Management Practices and Financial Performance of Microfinance Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Microfinance banks are financial institutions that provide loans, insurance, saving platforms and other financial products to various individuals. Thus, these institutions require sufficient liquid assets to enable them to meet their routine financial obligations. However, in Kenya, microfinance banks have been recording a declining trend regarding their financial performance over time, leading to grave concerns. Thus, this study aimed to assess cash management practices and their effect on Nairobi City County’s MFB's financial performance. The analysis and elucidation of the literature was facilitated by the examination of the Keynesian Liquidity theory. A descriptive research design with a regression analysis model was embraced in determining the predictor variable’s impact on the explained variable. Data review guide was then utilized to gather secondary data, which was obtained from the CBK and covered the years 2017 to 2022. According to the study, operational cash flow management and cash management significantly and favorably impacted the financial performance of Kenyan microfinance institutions. Nonetheless, the financial performance of Kenya's microfinance institutions was significantly impacted negatively by operational efficiency management. As per the study's findings, microfinance banks in Kenya carry out cash budget preparation, bank reconciliation, cash inflow and outflow recording, cash expense payment, and cash surplus investment. As a result, they manage their funds carefully. Furthermore, the stability and functioning of the financial system depend heavily on efficient cash flow management. It entails keeping an eye on money coming in from investments, sales, and outside funding sources as well as tracking money going out to pay for bills, obligations, and loan repayments. Microfinance banks are able to balance inflows and outflows, lower the risk of liquidity crises, and take advantage of growth possibilities by managing cash flow well. This allows microfinance institutions to make well-informed choices regarding debt management, expansion strategies, and investments—all of which are essential for overall financial success. To maximize the beneficial effects on financial performance, the study recommends adhering to the statutory minimum liquidity ratio. Since excessive liquidity and illiquidity reduce the institutions' profitability, microfinance banks should implement effective cash management procedures.

An Investigation Into To The Use Of Artificial Intelligence In The Indian Tax System

Indian taxation is main source of public finance in developing economy. The Indian tax system has long been plagued by issues including tax evasion and ineffective administration. Tax administration systems must constantly be designed to reduce errors and speed up decision-making. The Indian tax system is beset by a shortage of workers to do labor-intensive duties including data input, return inspection, tax audits, etc. The Indian government recently announced the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the tax assessment system in order to handle the evolving tax landscape in conjunction with the use of analytics. In the field of taxes, artificial intelligence, or AI, is a relatively recent development.

California voters approve rollback of 2014 criminal justice measure

Concerns about the effects of crimes on local communities have convinced California voters to approve a rollback of a criminal justice initiative they had backed in 2014, in a vote that is expected to have a significant impact on mental health funding streams. With just over half of votes counted, Proposition 36 last week appeared headed for an overwhelming victory, standing at just over 70% support. The measure will reclassify as felonies some nonviolent offenses that had been reduced to misdemeanors when the state's voters approved Proposition 47 in 2014. Savings from the 2014 initiative's reduction in incarceration were directed to investment in mental health and related services (see “California ballot item could reduce major mental health funding source,” MHW, Oct. 14, 2024; https://doi.org/10.1002/mhw.34205). California Gov. Gavin Newsom had spoken out strongly against the new initiative, but voters appeared swayed by the effects of thefts, drug crimes and related acts on local communities' quality of life. Under the earlier act's funding formula, 65% of the state's savings from reduced incarceration were directed to mental health, substance use and diversion programs.

A review of the potential use of melatonin in cancer treatment: Data analysis from Clinicaltrials.gov.

Melatonin's antioxidative and immune effects suggest potential in cancer therapy. This review assesses related clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. All ClinicalTrials.gov trials registered up to January 17, 2024 were examined, focusing on trials that involved use of melatonin in cancer treatment. A 46 trials were summarized by their study status, study phase, study type, funder type and study results in the use of melatonin in cancer treatment. The examination of the research data revealed a collective count of 46 clinical trials enlisted on ClinicalTrials.gov, all focus around the utilization of melatonin in cancer treatment. Among these, 24 trials had reached completion, constituting 91.3% of the entire trials, while 5 trials were presently in the recruitment phase, making up 10.8% of the total. None of these trials had received approval for marketing yet. The majority focus of the analysis encompassed interventional studies, around 42 trials and representing 91.3% of the overall trials, thereby incorporating most enrolled patients. In contrast, observational studies are a smaller fraction, comprising 4 trials (8.6% of the total), with a correspondingly lower number of involved patients. Regarding funding sources, most registered studies secured funding from diverse entities such as individuals, universities, and organizations, constituting 95.6% of all trials. In comparison, a minority of studies received funding from the National Institutes of Health, comprising 5 trials and accounting for 10.8% of the total trials. The analysis of 46 clinical trials on melatonin's use in cancer treatment reveals a significant importance on interventional studies. Overall, these findings contribute to the evolving understanding of melatonin's role in cancer treatment.

The New Media Art world in Turkey: Boundary-work in action

In an age marked by the Post-media condition, the term ‘New Media Art’ remains in use in reference to a professional territory not autonomous, but also different from the territory of Contemporary Art, and its members use various rhetorical tactics to maintain and expand their professional authority. This study aims at analyzing the professional ideology of the New Media Art territory in Turkey using Thomas F. Gieryn’s concept of the ‘boundary-work’. The data obtained via semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with a purposively sampled population of artists, curators and producers are used to assess whether a common cultural repertoire exists in this territory and whether it conforms to or contradicts its global counterpart. The study finds that since the mid-1990s, the professional ideology of the New Media Art territory in Turkey has developed in parallel with the world, but not monolithically. The curators/producers’ ideology is defined by potential for democratization, intersections of art, science and technology, interaction/interactivity and interdisciplinary collaboration. However, they exhibit two repertoire variants positively correlated with the subjects’ career orientations. The artists’ common ideology is similar to the curators’/producers’, but their cultural repertoires are more flexible thanks to the variety of their individual practices. The study concludes that this duality emerges due to the limited funding sources in Turkey.

Funding sources for public health research in Italy.

Funding sources play a critical role in shaping the landscape of scientific research, including the one in public health, as they often determine not only the feasibility of specific projects but also its broader directions. We aimed at assessing current funding sources for public health research in Italy and related implications. We conducted a systematic PubMed search from January 2023 to June 2024, focusing on publications by 208 Italian tenured professors in hygiene and public health. We included only original articles they authored as first or last authors, excluding editorials, comments, and letters. We categorized funding sources into public internal, public external, private external, and unmentioned. We retrieved 760 non-duplicate eligible publications. Research topics focused almost equally on communicable (48.2%) and non-communicable (51.8%) diseases. Public external funding were the most common overall (33.7%), followed by private external (14.3%) and public internal (7.5%). Notably, 58.7% of studies did not report any funding sources. Private external, regional and EU sources predominantly funded communicable disease research, while non-communicable disease research received more support from public external sources, especially governmental. In a European country such as Italy the funding landscape in public health research appears to be complex, due to the wide range of topics and intertwined roles of funding actors. Public funding are more frequent than private funding also independently of research topics, though most research activities did not require specific financial support, implying that public health research frequently has limited financial needs. This likely enables more flexibility and independence to investigators in public health, with major implications in terms of feasibility and absence of conflicts of interest.

Between Tuition Fees and Trainee Allowances: Financing of Schools in the German Health Care System

Schools in the health sector play a significant role in the structure of the German education system. In addition to public schools, there are numerous schools, either substitute or supplementary, in the private sector. Many schools are directly attached to a hospital, in contrast to others operating financially independently having cooperation agreements with corresponding facilities for practical training. This article explains the differences between public, substitute and supplementary schools in the health care sector, with particular emphasis on their financing. It also shows the impact of the integration of a school at a hospital. The information regarding the types of schools was generated through expert interviews and by reviewing current laws. A schematic illustration is intended to promote further understanding of school financing in the health care sector, thus contributing to more transparency. The legal framework conditions for the professions of physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy are elaborated, as well as basic German Law forming the legal basis for the Hospital Financing Act (KHG). The financing of public schools is regulated by law and is carried by the respective state or municipality. This also applies to public schools in the health care sector. Uniform regulations are also applicable to replacement and supplementary schools falling under the KHG. Trainees receive a salary if their schools cooperate with hospitals with which corresponding funding agreements are in place. However, private schools not affiliated with the KHG training fund must rely on alternative sources of funding, ultimately leading to the necessity to charge tuition fees. Different federal/state-specific regulations contributing to the financing of health care education is often unclear and incomprehensible. Due to current laws, tuition-free education cannot be guaranteed in every federal state or at every school. It remains to be seen if or to what extent changes will take place leading to uniform, transparent and comprehensible financing of the training landscape in the health professions in the German education system.