Foreign Literature Sources Research Articles

Lesser omentum of white rats: structural and functional characteristics

Background. According to the literature, all mammals have two omenta, one of which is the greater omentum and the other one is the lesser omentum, but white rats have two additional derivatives of the visceral peritoneum, homologous in structure to the greater omentum - called the epididymal omentum. Today, the greater omentum is comprehensively studied and arouses great interest among researchers, in turn, the lesser omentum is not popular among scientists, as a result of which many details of its anatomical and histological structure remain undisclosed. Objective. To study the morpho-functional features of the structure of the lesser omentum of white rats through a bibliographic analysis of the literature. Methods. This bibliographic analysis is based on published articles, books, textbooks, and monographs. The search for which was carried out on the worldwide network "Internet" in the scientific and metric databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed, foreign sources of literature and the National Library of Medicine. Results. The lesser omentum is formed due to the successive transition of the duplication of the peritoneum, from the lower surface of the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and duodenum. At the small curvature of the stomach, the leaves that form the lesser omentum diverge and cover the front-upper and back-lower walls of the stomach. The lesser omentum consists of the hepatogastric ligament, which is an extremely thin and transparent membrane, and a thicker, transparent membrane - the hepatoduodenal ligament, which is attached to the duodenum. Microscopically, it consists of two main structural elements: thin fenestrated translucent membranes and adipose tissue-rich areas containing milky spots that may play a role in the immune defense of the peritoneal cavity. Conclusion. So, according to the analysis, the lesser omentum mainly performs a connecting role and provides support and stabilization of the organs of the abdominal cavity between which it is located.

РОЛЬ МАРКЕРА ГАЛЕКТИНА-3 ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ СЕРДЕЧНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ

Introduction. Over decades, chronic heart failure has remained one of the most pressing health problems in most developed countries, including the Russian Federation. New methods are being actively developed and implemented to enable early diagnosis and stratification of the heart failure risk. A particular importance is attached to the search for heart failure markers that allow very accurately predicting the course of the disease. In recent years, galectin-3 is a novel heart-failure biomarker. Aim. This study was aimed at analyzing the modern scientific research and publications dealing with the role of galectin-3 in heart failure pathogenesis and with the possibility of using it as a biomarker. Material and Methods. Russian and foreign literary sources were analyzed, related to the issues under study over the years 2002-2023. Results and Discussion. Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin that is secreted in human tissue by macrophages. Galectin-3 is an important factor in the heart failure pathophysiology, mainly because of its role in remodeling the heart ventricles, due to the activation of fibroblasts for collagen secretion, which is excessively deposited around cardiomyocytes. Various studies were conducted that had demonstrated a positive correlation between the galectin-3 level and the heart damage degree, particularly its left ventricle. Studying patients with chronic heart failure and frailty also showed a positive relationship between the galectin-3 level and the frailty severity. Sarcopenic obesity in patients suffering from chronic heart failure significantly worsens their prognosis. Conclusions. Analysis of available literature data allows us to consider galectin-3 a structurally unique and functionally important compound expressed by various tissues and cells of the body. Galectin-3 level in plasma positively correlates with the severity of changes in the heart structure and functions. Thus, galectin-3 may be a promising biomarker of chronic heart failure occurrence and progression.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЫЙ ПОДХОД В УПРАВЛЕНИИ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ УСЛУГАМИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

Currently, due to market economic conditions, the efficiency of management of a medical institution has decreased. Problems of managing healthcare in general and dental services in particular, have become the subject of scientific research. Management of dental clinics remains one of the less developed sections of scientific knowledge, in terms of scale and social significance. Literary sources report the uselessness of management in socialist healthcare as such. Functions such as planning, marketing, monitoring and reengineering processes were not in demand. Therefore, most managers of dental clinics do not have experience in managing in a competitive environment. The problem of acquiring knowledge about the sociological and socio-psychological characteristics of medical teams is a necessity in the practical activities of managers of medical organizations. The purpose of the study was to review domestic and foreign literature sources to analyze the need for the concept of marketing management of dental clinics. Material and methods. A review of the available Russian and foreign scientific literature over the past 10 years has been carried out, which allows us to more fully evaluate the concepts of marketing management proposed by many authors. Results and discussion. In our opinion, the main goal of marketing management should be to consider meeting the current and potential needs of the population for dental services. The concept of marketing medical dental services impoverishes its content, since the scope of marketing activities is much wider. In our opinion, marketing management in the field of dental services is the science of organizing and regulating the system of providing services and goods in accordance with the needs of the population, aimed at maintaining and strengthening the dental health of the population, reducing dental morbidity, increasing the duration and quality of life. Conclusions. 1. The main reasons causing shortcomings and problems in the management of dental services in general have been identified. 2. The introduction of modern technologies, theoretical approaches and strategic management mechanisms that correspond to the principles of the development of market relations into the management of dental services will ensure further organizational and managerial development of dentistry.

HYPERACTIVATION OF SPERMATOZOA AND ITS ROLE IN THE FERTILIZATION PROCESS

To date, according to the WHO estimates, every sixth person in the world faces the problem of infertility, while the contribution of the male factor is, according to various sources, from 30 to 50%. Understanding the cellular and molecular processes that lead to spermatozoa motility is necessary for accurate diagnosis and finding solutions to this problem. The purpose of the review is to analyze and evaluate current data on the problem of spermatozoa hyperactivation, the causes of its violation, molecular mechanisms and prognostic value. Materials and methods. Domestic and foreign sources of literature dated from 1987 to 2022 were used, they were taken from electronic libraries of scientific publications and medical databases, in particular "CyberLeninka", "Google Academy", "ScienceResearch", Elibrary.ru and PubMed. The review included the sources relevant to the topic of this review, which were searched using keywords such as spermatozoid, hyperactivation, infertility, fertilization. Research results. Hyperactivation of spermatozoa is one of the factors that ensure fertilization. This is a Ca2+ and energy-dependent process due to the normal operation of CatSper and KSper channels, as well as cAMP-, cGMP-dependent, potential-dependent channels. In the absence of the SLC9A10 gene in male mice, spermatozoa mature immobile, despite satisfactory spermatogenesis. The control units in the sperm flagella, consisting of CatSper, SLC9A10 and ABHD2, located on the surface, are necessary to ensure rapid signal transmission and coordinated control of complex cellular movement (hyperactivation and rotation). Conclusions. The motility of spermatozoa acquired during their hyperactivation is a vital functional characteristic that determines the ability of male germ cells to penetrate and migrate both into the cervical mucus and into the oocyte membrane (and ultimately fertilize it). Violation of hyperactivation processes or its absence can result in fertilization failure and, in consequence of, be one of the causes of infertility in a couple.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ВЕДЕНИЯ ПАЦИЕНТКИ С СИНДРОМОМ ФРЕДЕРИКА (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

Description of a clinical case. The article presents a clinical observation of a 77-year-old patient with newly diag-nosed Frederick’s syndrome, which is a combination of a permanent form of atrial fibrillation and complete atrioven-tricular block. An exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis was the reason for hospitalization of the patient. The patient had no complaints of bradycardia or syncope, but treatment of the underlying disease was difficult due to the development of acute kidney injury against the background of chronic kidney disease and uncompensated chronic heart failure. The cause of the development of Frederick’s syndrome was pronounced myocardium remodeling due to diseases that make up the classic complex of metabolic syndrome – coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, type 2 dia-betes mellitus and obesity. Conclusion. The analysis of a few domestic and foreign literature sources showed that the development of Frederick’s syndrome is associated with a worsening prognosis and the development of various complications, which is usually underestimated by attending physicians. Taking into account the difficulties of diagnosis and management of patients with this pathology, it is necessary to be wary of the development of Frederick’s syndrome, especially in comorbid elderly and senile patients. Timely medical correction and referral of the patient for surgical treatment will improve the prognosis and reduce mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Complications of minimally invasive methods of mechanical jaundice treatment

The purpose of this study is to evaluate complications after minimally invasive surgical interventions for obstructive jaundice. The statistical analysis of the data of modern Russian and foreign literature sources, as well as the latest scientific works in the field of preoperative preparation of the patient and prevention of postoperative complications in the field of minimally invasive surgical intervention was carried out. The development of these complications represents a fairly wide range of pathological processes, which depends on several indicators directly related to the patient and the operating environment. One of the most important factors is preoperative preparation, which depends on the type of operation, the individual reaction of the patient. Based on the results obtained during the study, it can be concluded that.

Ultrasound cases of an elongated left lobe of the liver as an anatomical variant

The elongated left lobe of the liver (saddle liver, saber liver, beaver tail liver, beaver lobe) is one of the types of variant liver anatomy, characterized by the fact that the left lobe extends far beyond the midline of the body, and can come into contact with the spleen and even go above it. Due to the fact that the elongated left lobe of the liver is more often susceptible to injury and, in some cases, can imitate a subcapsular hematoma of the spleen, it seems important to increase the awareness among doctors of various specialties about the variety of morphological variations in the structure of the liver, in particular about the elongated left lobe of the liver, to unify approaches to the description and establish uniformity of wording to designate this feature of the anatomical structure of the left lobe of the liver, which will reduce the risk of diagnostic errors and errors during surgical interventions, especially in cases of blunt abdominal trauma.The article presents clinical cases with ultrasound examination of 10 patients of different ages (from 1 month to 38 years) and gender with a newly diagnosed anomaly in the structure of the left lobe of the liver, i.e an elongated left lobe. An analysis of national and foreign literature sources containing reports on various morphological variants of the liver structure and the frequency of their occurrence was carried out. Ultrasound signs were proposed to describe the elongated left lobe of the liver. The features of the ultrasound examination technique for the elongated left lobe of the liver in children older than one year are described. The variety of formulations used by different authors when describing this variant of the anatomical structure of the liver was studied.

Лесная селекция и генетическое разнообразие древесных пород

In scientific literature there are different views on the connection between forest tree breeding and genetic variability of wood species. This article has aimed to review the current Russian and foreign literary sources on the impact of breeding measures on the level of genetic diversity of forest wood species. Maintaining adequate genetic variability is necessary for adaptation to the environmental changes, as well as for long-term breeding. As soon as seed plantations are the source of improved seeds for forest regeneration, the influence of such factors as the number of clones and background pollination on the level of genetic variability of the progeny has been considered in detail. The data on the minimal clone number in seed plantations in different countries has been presented and the variability of the clones based on their fertility has been discussed. The importance of background pollination in seed plantations has been highlighted as soon as, on the one hand, it reduces the effect of breeding, but on the other hand, it increases the level of genetic variability of the progeny. A decline in genetic diversity of wood species can be caused by clone selection (which is the basis for clonal forestry). However the analysis of literary sources has shown that the reduction in genetic diversity is minimal if scientific recommendations are fulfilled. The use of the seeds from controlled cross-breeding of plus trees selected as a result of genetic evaluation (the so-called family forestry with vegetative propagation) in the somatic embryogenesis of the common spruce increases the level of genetic variability of the progeny. It has been shown that the multiple population breeding system allows to combine intensive long-term breeding and genetic conservation of wood species. The conclusion has been drawn that the implementation of optimally planned wood species breeding programs does not lead to significant narrowing of genetic diversity. On the contrary, forest tree breeding contributes to the preservation of a better gene pool, transmitting it in the process of forest regeneration through improved seeds and clones into homogeneous stands. Moreover, the objects of forest seed growing such as the archives of plus tree clones and forest seed plantations, as well as test cultures contain valuable genetic material ex situ.

Pathology of the cardiovascular system in people returning to sports after COVID-19

Aim: to summarize the data published in our country and abroad on the diagnosis of cardiac complications after COVID‑19 and to compare it with our own experience of examining such athletes.Materials and methods: open data sources such as eLibrary, Scopus, PubMed etc. were used as a scientific base to achieve the set goal, a meta-analysis of 42 domestic and foreign literature sources was carried out upon the results of post‑COVID changes in athletes. Besides that, the indicators of 11467 athletes, aged from 16 to 45 years, were studied who have been playing for the Moscow national team and who passed in‑depth medical examination on the basis of Sports Medicine Clinic in Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine.Results: the prevalence of myocarditis in mild COVID‑19 in athletes does not exceed 1 %, arrhythmia does not exceed 9 %. Classical cardiovascular screening is sufficient for their detection in most cases. If hospitalization is necessary, the risks increase for myocarditis up to 7.2 %, for myocardial infarction up to 4,7 %, for other cardiac complications up to 3–14 % and require advanced diagnostics. For optimal resource management in the healthcare system, a working algorithm for examining athletes returning to trainings after a previous COVID‑19 is proposed.Conclusion: in most cases a classical cardiovascular screening is enough for symptomatic individuals returning to sports trainings after the COVID‑19. However, additional examinations, including loading tests and MRT, are required to find out possible latent ongoing pathology as well to evaluate prospects for the athlete.

Current Issues of Peace and Security Taking Into Account Aggressive Policy of the Russian Federation

This article examines the issue of violation of the principle of territorial integrity (integrity) or political independence of states from 1946 to 2022. The approach is based on the study and understanding of domestic and foreign literary sources, statistics, legal acts. So, the historic, comparative, formal juridical and prognostic methods will be used. Russia gained the status of an independent entity in the international arena immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Almost immediately, it began to show signs of aggression. To promote its geopolitical ambitions, it uses gaps in international law, information and psychological measures, corruption, mercenaries, collaborators, blackmail, the law of force, and tries to rewrite history. The course of military conflicts involving Russia in Moldova, Chechnya, Georgia, Syria and Ukraine shows that the scale of violations of international treaties, human rights and the rules of warfare has increased in line with the strengthening of its military capabilities. During the hostilities on the territory of independent Ukraine, Russia showed a complete list of signs of aggression, as defined by UN General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX) of December 14, 1974. This shows that before the armed attack on Ukraine, the aggressor was convinced that it could not be brought to justice and punished. It also hoped that his next victim would not be able to receive international political, economic, military and social assistance. Some actions of Russia in the international arena have signs of state terrorism. During the last ten years, a fascist regime has formed in Russia. The abuse of the veto did not lead to the expulsion of the aggressor country from the UN SC.
 To stop Russia’s aggression and prevent similar developments in the future, the issues of improving international law, bringing to justice the political and military leadership of the republic of Belarus and Russia, improving the UN Charter, the powers of the UN General Assembly, depriving Russia of the right to participate in peacekeeping operations.

Objective criteria for the quality of life of patients who underwent surgery (literature review)

Relevance. One of the tasks of modern surgery is to provide high-quality medical care with a significant impact on the patient, which should lead to an improvement in the quality of life. Quality of life assessment is becoming increasingly relevant in healthcare and is associated with improved decision-making, higher satisfaction and better treatment outcomes.The purpose of the study. To identify criteria for an objective assessment of the quality of life of patients in the postoperative period.Materials and methods. In the course of this study, the most relevant domestic and foreign literary sources were analyzed, reflecting the problem of assessing the quality of life of patients in the postoperative period.Results. To assess the quality of life, various forms of questionnaires for patients are usually used. Questionnaires can be both general and specific for a particular disease. After analyzing numerous questionnaires to determine the quality of life, it became possible to combine and classify objective criteria for the quality of life.Conclusion. The use of general and special questionnaires makes it possible to perform a full-scale assessment of both the main components of the quality of life and its specific aspects in this disease. At the same time, it is important to take into account the influence of various factors, including gender, age, and the initial quality of life, on the change in indicators over time. This approach is the most correct and corresponds to modern recommendations for analyzing quality of life data that changes over time and is associated with various factors.

Polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation enzyme genes and their role in early pregnancy loss

Considering the progressive decrease in the number of women of fertile age, as well as children and adolescents, the primary medical and social task at the present stage is to preserve the reproductive health and life of women, preserving every desired pregnancy. The concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025 defines the global national goals, i.e. to increase the total fertility rate by 1.5 times, to reduce maternal and infant mortality by at least 2 times, and to improve the reproductive health of women, children and adolescents. Today every fifth desirable pregnancy ends in early loss, and the rate of miscarriage does not tend to decrease and, in fact, increases every year. Carriage of susceptibility or candidate genes can alter the course of biochemical processes in women and cause early pregnancy losses. According to the literature, the cytochrome P-450 gene (CYP1A1, CYP1B1), xenobiotic detoxification genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) and many others are recognized as candidate genes (genetic markers) associated with reproductive losses. Adverse pregnancy outcome is usually multifactorial; in turn, the combination of polymorphic variants of different candidate genes can increase the risk of early losses. A detailed study of the role of candidate genes with clarity and confirmation of the interest of candidate genes in the development of pregnancy loss is undeniable. In this regard, the interest of many researchers in studying the polymorphism of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation enzyme system as one of the causal factors of pregnancy failure is understandable. The study of this group of genes is of particular relevance in regions with developed industry and high anthropogenic load. The article is devoted to the analysis of the existing data of foreign and domestic literature sources concerning the relationship between polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation system genes and reproductive losses.

МЕТОДИКА ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ РАЗМЕРНЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ ПРИ РЕГУЛИРОВКЕ КЛАПАННОГО ЗАЗОРА В МЕХАНИЗМЕ ГАЗОРАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ

The relevance of research is due to the problems of organizing auto repair production in modern conditions associated with the difficulty of logistics and the high cost of foreign spare parts, which is confirmed by the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources. Of particular importance in this case are the methods of optimizing the balance of costs for performing repair and restoration actions and replacing defective parts. The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of repair of rolling stock of road transport based on the use of methods for restoring dimensional connections. This study is designed to fill the existing knowledge gap caused by the lack of methods for restoring specific repair links. The use of new parts in repair, along with restored or used ones, necessitates the wider use of methods for optimizing the limit values of wear and recovery processes of dimension chain elements. The materials and methods of research are presented as an example of the development of a technique for restoring the necessary parameters of dimensional connections when adjusting the valve gap value, since the thermal gap in the timing mechanism of an internal combustion engine is an important element affecting the efficiency of the car engine. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of two different methods potentially suitable for implementation in the repair industry for restoring dimensional ties while reducing the valve gap by machining the outer or inner contact surfaces of car engine pushers. Studies have been carried out in relation to the decrease in the gap in operating conditions, which is widespread in automobile engines with overhead camshafts, since a decrease in the valve gap to a greater extent than an increase in it affects the efficiency of the machines. The equation of the size chain of the valve group is given, in which the valve gap is the closing link. As a result of sequentially discretely removing the surface layers of the pusher metal at 0.05 mm intervals and measuring the hardness of the surface layers, it has been found that this approach to restoring repair bonds can be recommended for use in auto repair production, with a more preferred method being to adjust the valve clearance by grinding the outer surface of the pushers. The data obtained can serve as the basis for further research in the development of a set of technologies for restoring specific size chains using repair kits that include parts with different manufacturing accuracy or that have been in operation.

SPEED-STRENGTH PREPAREDNESS AS ONE OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES IN JUDO

The article is aimed at identifying the ways of development of speed- strength abilities of judoists in domestic and foreign literature sources. The ways of development of speed-strength abilities of judoists and aspects of their use in competitive activity to achieve higher results in competitions are revealed. The most common methods of development of speed-strength abilities in other sports with the possibility of their application in judo are analyzed. A number of innovative methods of development of speed- strength abilities of wrestlers, which were proposed in the studies devoted to competitive activity in martial arts, including judo, are considered. Differences in the use of means for the development of speed- strength abilities of judo wrestlers are noted. The errors concerning individual psychological and pedagogical peculiarities of developing speed-strength abilities of judoists are revealed, which can become the subject of future scientific research. The results of this analytical review can be useful for specialists and coaches in the field of combat sports when conducting further experimental-theoretical research and training process with judoists.

Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal stenosis. Literature review

This analysis is based on the study of Russian and foreign literature sources devoted to both high-tech and routine methods of studying the lacrimal drainage system, as well as the description of modern methods of conservative and surgical treatment of lacrimal stenosis. This article gives information about advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods of diagnosis and treatment of obliteration of the lacrimal tract, highlights the questions of their usage in dacryology.

METHODS OF RADIATION DIAGNOSTICS IN EXAMINATION OF PREGNANT WOMEN AT DIFFERENT GESTATIONAL AGE

Currently, due to a variety of radiation examination methods, the question arises about the safety of fetal health when choosing a method of examination for pregnant women. The purpose of the review is to analyze and evaluate current data concerning the opportunities of using X–ray and magnetic resonance examinations in pregnant women at different gestational age, taking into account minimization of possible adverse effects. Materials and methods. Domestic and foreign sources of literature from 1987 to 2022 were used, they were taken from electronic libraries of scientific publications and medical databases, in particular "CyberLeninka", "Google Academy", "ScienceResearch", Elibrary.ru and PubMed. The review included the sources relevant to the topic of this review, which were searched using keywords such as pregnancy, radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, ionizing radiation, fetus, scintigraphy, radiation diagnostics, dose absorbed by the fetus, ultrasound diagnostics and positron emission tomography, with the exception of sources that did not mention the influence of certain diagnostic methods directly on the pregnant woman and the fetus. Study results. Ionizing radiation represents the greatest danger during embryo implantation (the first 2-3 weeks of pregnancy), as well as during organogenesis (from the 5th to the 8th week of pregnancy), when the anlage and development of the main organs and systems occur. MRI throughout the gestation period is preferable to any other study using ionizing radiation, but during the first trimester of pregnancy, a careful, reasonable and balanced approach to the use of MRI is necessary if there are indications and there are no alternative diagnostic methods. Conclusions. If there is a threat to life, there are no absolute contraindications to examination by radiation methods of pregnant women at any gestation period; however, it is always necessary to adhere to the principle when the potential benefit of the study will exceed its possible risk.

Семеноводство сортов подсолнечника: методика, нормативные акты, технологические приёмы (обзор)

Based on the Russian and foreign literary sources, there were analyzed peculiarities of technique, legal acts, and technological methods used in primary and industrial seed growing of sunflower varieties. The bee pollination and compliance with scientifically based norms of spatial and temporal isolations in all stages of seed production play a very important role in seed growing of sunflower varieties. Complexity of production and features of seed multiplication of the multidirectional usage varieties are emphasized. The cultivation of high qualitative seeds is a certain seed-growing branch of production requiring for huge physical efforts of seed producers and financial expenses of enterprisers.

Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: Medical, Social Aspects, Clinical Picture, Treatment and Medical Rehabilitation. A Review

INTRODUCTION. Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic skeletal diseases in the world, which is characterized by a decrease in bone tissue strength and an increased risk of fractures with minimal trauma, including pathological vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). VCFs are accompanied by a decrease in the quality of life of patients with osteoporosis due to a pronounced pain syndrome, sleep problems, decreased motor and social activity, a high risk of falls and fractures, the development of pathological spinal deformities, decreased lung capacity and increased number of comorbid diseases. In this regard, timely treatment and medical rehabilitation in patients with osteoporosis and VCFs are of particular importance to restore functionality, reduce the risk of developing new fractures, disability and death. MAIN CONTENT OF THE REVIEW. The literature review is the analysis of 7 domestic and 49 foreign literary sources, which was used to describe the prevalence, medical and social significance and clinical picture of osteoporotic VCFs. It provides data on modern methods of drug and non-drug treatment of patients with VCFs. The effectiveness and limitations of the use of physical therapy methods in the rehabilitation of patients with pathological spinal fractures are described in detail. CONCLUSION. It is concluded that VCFs pose a significant healthcare burden due to their high prevalence and negative impact on the quality of life of older patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporotic VCFs lead to the development of severe back pain, limited mobility, spinal deformities, loss of height and permanent disability. An effective strategy for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic VCFs should include the use analgesics, orthotics, correction of nutritional deficiency, elimination of vitamin D and calcium deficiency, modern methods of physical therapy, fall prevention and timely prescription of effective drugs for pathogenetic therapy of osteoporosis to reduce the risk of pathological fractures in the future and ensure a high level of functioning and of the quality of life.

Cerebral dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background. The article discusses the features of one of the complications of acute myocardial infarction – cerebral dysfunction, which negatively affects the quality of life of patients, worsens the disease prognosis, increases the hospital length of stay and the risk of death. The presence of cerebral disorders in patients with acute myocardial infarction causes difficulties in the choice of therapeutic tactics, including the decision on myocardial revascularization. The identification of predictive factors for cerebral deficiency in acute myocardial infarction and the development of an algorithm for the management of such patients is an urgent task of today medicine.Aim. To study the features of cerebral dysfunction in patients with myocardial infarction according to contemporary Russian and foreign literature sources. To create an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Material and methods. Patients with acute myocardial infarction who developed cerebral dysfunction in the acute period of the disease were examined.Conclusion. Timely diagnosis, antiplatelet therapy, emergency reperfusion therapy in the acute period of myocardial infarction, as well as preventive measures reduce the development of cerebral complications, improve the results of treatment of patients with myocardial infarction, reduce the number of inpatient treatment days, as well as improve the long term prognosis.

The impact of virtual reality technologies on the health of employees

The article is a review of research on the impact of virtual reality on the functional state and human health. The relevance of the work is due to the growing interest in the use of virtual reality technologies in industry, education, medicine and other fields. At the same time, it is known that more than 80% of users have various side effects.
 The authors have analyzed more than 60 foreign literary sources in order to study the peculiarities of the negative effects of being in a virtual environment on human organisms.
 An analysis of scientific publications has shown that most of them are devoted to the study of cyber sickness, although researchers note other negative symptoms and effects caused by virtual reality: visual and muscle fatigue, acute stress and mental fatigue. We identified three groups of factors influencing the development of side effects: individual, hardware and software factors, and found that the characteristics of the visual display have the greatest impact on the user's condition.
 The disadvantage of most studies is the use of the questionnaire method, as well as the assessment of the impact of short-term work in extended environments on the human body.
 The issues discussed in this article form the directions for further research in the field of human interaction and the virtual environment.