Source Of Bioactive Compounds Research Articles

Evaluation of Phytochemical Composition and Antifungal Potential of Millingtonia hortensis Leaf Extract

Millingtonia hortensis, commonly known as the Indian cork tree, has been traditionally used in Southern Asian medicine for various therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal properties of M. hortensis leaf extract and evaluate its potential as a natural alternative to synthetic antifungal agents. Leaf samples were collected, authenticated, and subjected to aqueous and methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and proteins. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, while the antifungal potential was evaluated through the agar-well diffusion method against selected fungal strains. The aqueous extract yielded 4.4% w/w, while the methanolic extract yielded 2.9% w/w. Both extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with the methanolic extract showing slightly higher potency. The antifungal assay revealed dose-dependent inhibition of fungal growth, with the highest concentration (300 μg/ml) exhibiting the maximum zone of inhibition. Ketoconazole served as a positive control, while 10% DMSO was used as a negative control. The results suggest that M. hortensis leaf extract possesses promising antifungal properties, likely attributed to its rich phytochemical composition. This study provides a foundation for further research into the development of novel, plant-based antifungal therapies and highlights the potential of M. hortensis as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications

Характеристика антиоксидантной активности СО2- экстрактов бурых водорослей и стабилизации липидов

Vegetable oils are susceptible to oxidation during storage, which is a serious problem for shelf-life and food safety. The article describes the antioxidant properties of supercritical extracts from brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida and Costaria costata), Russian Far East. It also explains their prospects as stabilizers that preserve the quality and safety of vegetable oils by affecting the kinetics of oxidation and hydrolysis. The study featured supercritical extracts of marine brown algae Undaria pinnatifida and Costaria costata from Russian Far East. The methods involved spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Supercritical extracts of marine brown algae proved to be reliable sources of bioactive substances, e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and mannitol. They also possessed antioxidant properties in terms of antiradical activity, hydroxyl ion binding, superoxide radical absorption, and Fe+2 chelating. The experiments revealed nine phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant properties. The supercritical extract of Costaria costata demonstrated a greater antioxidant effect on lipid oxidation in vegetable oils than Undaria pinnatifida. Both algae proved effective in stabilizing hydrolysis and were able to increase the shelf-life of soy and sunflower oils by three months. Supercritical extracts of Undaria pinnatifida and Costaria costata served as antioxidants to stabilize lipid oxidation in refined and unrefined soy and sunflower oils. The research revealed high approximation coefficients for regression equations describing the patterns of changes in the peroxide and acid numbers of vegetable oils stabilized with supercritical extracts of these marine brown algae.

The Antarctic Yeast Sporobolomyces roseus AL103 as a Promising Source of Health-Promoting Biologically Active Compounds

Antarctic yeasts represent a poorly explored source of novel bioactive compounds with antineoplastic activity and a favorable toxicological profile. The present paper presents the newest data on the antiproliferative and antimicrobial potential of extracts obtained from the psychrophilic strain AL103 of the species Sporobolomyces roseus. The capacity of AL103 to grow under different cultivation conditions, including in a bioreactor system with optimal biomass quantities of approximately 6.0 g/L, was demonstrated. A comparative examination of the metabolic profiles (GC-MS-based) of yeast extracts revealed a wide variety of synthesized molecules responsible for the different levels of antineoplastic activity depending on the tissue origin of the malignant cell lines. Concentration response curves were generated by the MTT dye reduction test. The respective IC50 values were extrapolated and found between 35.3 and 163 µg/mL. The antibacterial potential of both extracts was evaluated with the broth microdilution test against four referent pathogenic bacterial strains. The estimated minimal inhibitory concentrations revealed a moderate antibacterial activity. According to the GC-MS results, both extracts are rich in long-chain fatty acids which are known for their antibacterial properties. In conclusion, the Antarctic strain AL103 possesses promising potential for further pharmacological investigations aiming to elucidate its application as a health-promoting food additive or/and as a source of biologically active compounds.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and chemical profile of Cudrania tricuspidata tree pruning extract obtained by optimized microwave-assisted extraction

The residue from pruning Cudrania tricuspidata trees is considered a rich source of energy and bioactive compounds. Recovering these compounds from C. tricuspidata tree pruning could help mitigate potential economic and environmental concerns. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of extraction temperature, duration, and liquid-to-residue ratio on the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of C. tricuspidata tree pruning, using the response surface methodology. The results indicated that the microwave-assisted extraction temperature or microwave-assisted extraction time was the most crucial variable in the extraction process (Significance at p-value < 0.001 – 0.05 for antioxidant activity and chemical profile). It is worth mentioning that the optimal extraction conditions for achieving maximum 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation induction activity, total polyphenol content, and total flavonoid content were distinct from one another, necessitating specific optimization for each targeted characteristic. The optimized extraction conditions yielded 85.8% DPPH radical scavenging activity, 95.4% ABTS radical cation induction activity, 2.72 mg/g total polyphenol content, and 2.53 mg/g total flavonoid content. These results highlight the potential of C. tricuspidata as a valuable dietary source of phenolic antioxidants for human health.

Biogenic synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihemolytic zinc oxide nanoparticles from Desertifilum sp. TN-15 cell extract

Cyanobacteria, being a prominent category of phototrophic organism, exhibit substantial potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds and phytonutrients, including liposomes, amino derivatives, proteins, and carotenoids. In this investigation, a polyphasic approach was employed to isolate and characterize a newly discovered cyanobacterial strain from a rice field in the Garh Moor district of Jhang. Desertifilum sp. TN-15, a unique and less explored cyanobacterial strain, holds significant promise as a novel candidate for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This noticeable research gap underscores the novelty and untapped potential of Desertifilum sp. TN-15 in the field of nanomedicine. The characterization of the biogenically synthesized ZnO–NPs involved the application of diverse analytical techniques. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 298 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis was utilized to confirm the involvement of biomolecules in the biogenic synthesis and stability. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to probe the surface morphology of the biogenic ZnO–NPs unveiling their size of 94.80 nm and star-shaped. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction analysis substantiated the crystalline nature of ZnO–NPs, with a crystalline size measuring 46 nm. To assess the physical stability of ZnO–NPs, zeta potential and dynamic light scattering measurements were conducted, yielding values of + 31.6 mV, and 94.80 nm, respectively, indicative of favorable stability. The antibacterial capabilities of Desertifilum sp. TN-15 are attributed to its abundance of bioactive components, including proteins, liposomes, amino derivatives, and carotenoids. Through the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs) with this strain, we have effectively used these chemicals to generate nanoparticles that exhibit noteworthy antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 30.05 ± 0.003 µg/ml). Additionally, the ZnO–NPs displayed potent antifungal activity and antioxidant properties, as well as significant antihemolytic effects on red blood cells (IC50: 4.8 µg/ml). Cytotoxicity assessment using brine shrimps revealed an IC50 value of 3.1 µg/ml. The multifaceted actions of the biogenically synthesized ZnO–NPs underscore their potential applications in pharmacological and therapeutic fields. This study proposes a novel method for ZnO–NPs production utilizing the recently identified cyanobacterial strain Desertifilum sp. TN-15, highlighting the growing significance of biological systems in the environmentally friendly fabrication of metallic oxide nanomaterials.

Identification of compounds from Origanum compactum and Origanum elongatum using HPLC/UV-ESI-MS and comparative analysis of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic properties

The aim was to assess the phytochemical composition, phenolic component levels, and biological properties of the flowering tops of Origanum compactum and Origanum elongatum. The study employed phytochemical assays, spectrophotometric techniques for quantitative analysis of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, and compound identification using HPLC/UV-ESI-MS. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic properties were examined both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the O. compactum extract had significantly high levels of total polyphenols, measuring 47.368 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram, and flavonoids, measuring 14.839 mg quercetin equivalents per gram. The phytochemical examination of O. compactum revealed that lithospermic acid accounted for 36.82 % of the chemicals detected, followed by salvianolic acid C at 12.57 % and ros-marinic acid at 6.01 %. The main constituents of O. elongatum are salvianolic acid C (14.46 %), luteolin-3-O-glucuronide (13.51 %), salvianolic acid B (12.24 %), rosmarinic acid (7.83 %), and rutin (6.18 %). The results demonstrated different levels of effectiveness against the investigated microorganisms, with the extract from O. compactum exhibiting better activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, certain yeasts, and the fungus Aspergillus niger. The aqueous extracts of both Origanum species demonstrate significant antioxidant activity. O. compactum has a higher total antioxidant capacity (IC50 of 35.083 μg/mL) compared to O. elongatum (IC50 of 77.080 μg/mL). However, O. elongatum has a higher reducing power (35.697 μg/mL) compared to O. compactum (42.563 μg/mL). In vivo evaluations revealed that the aqueous extracts of O. compactum and O. elongatum possess significant antihyperglycemic and anticoagulant properties. The extracts demonstrated a marked reduction in blood glucose levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Wistar rats and effectively prolonged both prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), highlighting their ability to inhibit coagulation pathways. Moreover, their comparable efficacy to standard antihyperglycemic medications and absence of severe toxicity, even at high doses, underscore their therapeutic potential for safe and effective treatment applications. Between the two species, O. compactum exhibited superior efficacy in key biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticoagulant properties, making it a strong candidate for therapeutic applications. This study underscores the value of Origanum species as a rich source of bioactive compounds, offering significant potential in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and agri-food industries. The findings pave the way for further exploration of their diverse applications.

Unveiling Taro's (Colocasia esculenta) potential as a source of antioxidants and nutritional elements: Industrial impact on quantitative risk assessment of potentially toxic metals accumulation

With rapid industrialization and urbanization, persistent potential toxic elements in the human food chain have become a burning concern to international communities. The present study investigates the potential of an underutilized orphan root crop, Taro (Colocasia esculenta), as a possible source of bioactive compounds –phenolics (180.56-17.66 mg GAE/100g sample) and flavonoids (50.37-21.93 mg QE/100 g sample)–, antioxidants and minerals (Mg: 183.33-75, P: 203-73, Ca: 740-46 and Na: 393-133.33 mg/kg) to promote its utilization in food industries. In addition, this study estimated the levels of potential toxic metals in corm samples collected from industrially active: Jute industry sites (JTS), Textile sites (TXS), Tannery sites (TNS), Chemical industry sites (CMS), Feed industry sites (FDS), and inactive: Residential site (RDS) regions of Jashore, Bangladesh and assessed the associated human health risks. ICP-OES was used to analyze the samples, and the probable human health risk was evaluated using the estimated Hazard Index (HI) and Lifetime cancer risk (LcR). The concentration of the studied toxic metals, such as Cr, Cd, and Pb, and potentially toxic metals, such as Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Mn, ranged as 1.8-19.33, ND, ND-6.33, 3.23-146.67, ND-29.16, 5.43-3583.33, 4.43-266.67, and 0.45-7.3 in taro corm samples and 2.76-42.33, ND-1.26, ND-153.33, 3.27-163.33, 32.67-55.67, 436.67-7666.67, 1.47-9.47, and 4.16-213.33 mg/kg, respectively, in the associated soil samples. HI values greater than unity in RDS, JTS, FDS, TNS, and CMS indicated the associated non-carcinogenic risk to adults. In addition, LcR showed that all the samples pose an associated cancer risk. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed three principal components explaining 86.69 % of the total variance, while there were two significant clusters of the taro samples. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of taro corms as a valuable source of advantageous phytochemicals while confirming the effect of industrialization on the accumulation of potentially toxic metals and their phytochemicals. This study underscores the necessity of continuous monitoring by regulatory authorities to prevent metal deposition in farmlands from industrialization and urbanization through sewage, agrochemicals, and industrial wastewater to avoid adverse health consequences.

Chilean papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC.) residues as a source of bioactive compounds: Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antiglycation effects

The Chilean papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) is a climacteric fruit that grows in the north and center of Chile. During its processing, residues formed mainly by mucilage and seeds are produced and mostly discarded, despite being a potential source of bioactive metabolites. This work aimed to apply untargeted metabolic analysis by HPLC-DAD-QToF to study the chemical composition of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from Chilean papaya residues and evaluate their antioxidant and antiglycation capacities. Twenty-three metabolites were tentatively identified in papaya residues, including one carboxylic acid, one glycosylated hydroquinone, four flavan-3-ols, three proanthocyanidins, twelve glycosylated flavonols, one carbohydrate, and one alkaloid reported for the first time. The antioxidant capacity measured as the scavenging of DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals was comparable with that of ascorbic acid. Chilean papaya extracts decreased fluorescent Advanced Glycation End (AGE) products and oxidative modifications in proteins induced by glucose.

Decorticated and non-decorticated BARI lentil varieties: An ample source of essential nutrients, minerals and bioactive compounds

BARI lentils play an important role in Bangladesh for providing essential nutrients to combat micronutrient malnutrition. Hence, the objective of the study was to explore the nutritional, mineral, and bioactive compounds analysis of the selected varieties under different milling conditions. Results exhibited that a significant number of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid (15.29 mg/100 g), ß-carotene (142.16 mg/100 g), total carotenoid (67.49 mg/100 g), anthocyanin (1.35 mg/100 g), and total phenolic compounds (20.72 mg GAE/100 g) were plentiful in non-decorticated lentil. In contrast, the non-significant amount of ascorbic acid (4.52 mg/100 g), ß-carotene (64.65 mg/100 g), total carotenoid (11.65 mg/100 g), anthocyanin (0.65 mg/100 g), and total phenolic compounds (11.68 mg GAE/100 g) was found in decorticated lentils. Non-decorticated lentils possessed the highest amount of crude protein (29.63 %), crude fiber (14.12 %), Ca (3.55 %), Mg (1.11 %), Fe (219.00 ppm), and Zn (32.62 ppm). A non-significant difference was noted between cooked decorticated and non-decorticated lentils during organoleptic taste by the sensory evaluators. Apart from this, the most instructive findings are, to utilize non-decorticated lentils that will contribute to minimizing the broken loss (cracked loss) and milling cost of the farmers without any presence of ochratoxin and patulin.

NUTRITIONAL AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM MELONS: A MINI REVIEW

Fruit wastes are one of the major sources of municipal waste, however they are a source of bioactive useful compounds which possess numerous health benefits. The fruit processing industry generates 10-60% waste or by-products in solid (peel, seed) and liquid (fruit juice) waste. Melon is a prevalent fruit, consumed worldwide, containing significant quantities of by-products (seed, peel, rind) that have been discarded. Melon is an excellent source of biologically active compounds for humans due to its good taste and rich chemical composition. Various bioactive compounds present in fruit waste (seed and rind) of melon is responsible for its numerous biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-microbial activity.

Exploring the chemical composition and biological effects of four Salvia hybrids: an innovative perspective on functional yields

AbstractGenus Salvia is considered one of the largest genera of family Lamiaceae with many recorded species and hybrids of valuable biological importance. This study involved the phytochemical characterization of four Salvia hybrids (KNM23 (S. fructicosa × S. officinalis), KNM101 (S. aramiensis × S. officinalis), KNM5 (S. aramiensis × S. officinalis) and KNM12 (S. fructicosa × S. officinalis)) through measuring their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) together with profiling through UPLC/MSn analysis followed by investigation of their antioxidant activities and enzyme inhibitory potential through different techniques. Hybrid KNM23 presented significantly high concentration of both phenolic and flavonoid, displaying a TPC of 92.10 mg GAE/g and a TFC of 50.85 mg RE/g. The UPLC/MSn profiling resulted in the tentative identification of one hundred eighty components from different phytochemical classes mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenyl propanoids, tannins and many others. The antioxidant assay showed that hybrid KNM23, a hybrid of S. fruticosa and S. officinalis, exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH, ABTS, and PBD assays, measuring 436.38 mmol TE/g, 543.65 mmol TE/g, and 3.20 mmol TE/g, respectively. KNM23 and KNM12 showed no inhibition of AChE and α‐glucosidase. However, KMN12 demonstrated highest BChE and tyrosinase 2.57 mg GALAE/g and 12.91 mg KAE/g, respectively. Our results suggest that the Salvia hybrids can be considered as natural sources of bioactive compounds in the development of health‐promoting applications.

Antioxidant, antibacterial, and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of three Allium species (Amaryllidaceae) from Iran

Introduction: Wild species of the genus Allium have high potential for use as medicine due to their essential secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity. This study explored the antioxidant, antibacterial, and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of three Allium species: Allium tripedale, Allium hooshidaryae, and Allium stipitatum. Methods: The antioxidant potentials of the plant methanol extracts were evaluated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging test. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and α-glucosidase inhibition were also evaluated. Antibacterial assessments were done employing disk diffusion and microdilution methods to determine inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Allium hooshidaryae displayed high TPC (70.24 ± 0.0039 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), while A. tripedale had the highest TFC (87 ± 0.013 mg Quercetin equivalent/g extract). A. hooshidaryae showed superior antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC50: 724.4 ± 0.31 µg/mL; FRAP: 36.87 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g extract) and stronger α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 2.59 mg/mL vs. 4.33 mg/mL for A. tripedale and 6.41 mg/mL for A. stipitatum). Qualitative tests confirmed phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoside compounds in all three species. A. stipitatum uniquely contained saponin and tannin. A. hooshidaryae and A. stipitatum inhibited the bacterial strains effectively, especially at the higher concentration (400 µg/mL). A. stipitatum showed inhibition against all strains, particularly against S. aureus (MIC: 12.5 µg/mL). Conclusion: This study highlights the antidiabetic and antibacterial potential of three Allium species, emphasizing their values as rich sources of bioactive compounds.

Unveiling the potential of germinated black bean extracts: Targeting topoisomerase IIα through in silico and in vitro approaches

This study investigates the potential of germinated black bean extracts (GBBE) to modulate the activity of topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα), a key enzyme involved in DNA replication and repair, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Germination significantly elevated the polyphenolic content of black beans, thereby enhancing their antioxidant properties. Molecular docking studies demonstrated a strong interaction between GBBE and the active site of topo IIα, suggesting a possible mechanism for its inhibitory action. In vitro experiments revealed a significant inhibitory effect of GBBE on topo IIα ATPase activity, which was further confirmed by the decatenation assay, with bean extracts germinated for three days showing the highest effect. The study underscores the significance of GBBE as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds with the capacity to inhibit topo IIα activity, offering a potential novel therapeutic strategy against TNBC. Warranting further investigation to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.

Maximizing polyphenol yield: ultrasound-assisted extraction and antimicrobial potential of mango peel

This study investigated the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques used to enhance the polyphenols and antioxidants of mango peel extract (MPE). Additionally, it explored the bacteriostatic activity of MPE against various microorganisms. The UAE method was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) at different times, temperatures, and ratios, with optimal conditions found to be 35 minutes, 45 °C, and a 1:35 ratio. The optimized yield results for total polyphenol content (TPC) were 17.33 ± 1.57 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content (TFC) was 12.14 ± 0.29 mg QE/g, and radical scavenging activity (RSA) was 72.11 ± 2.19%. These response models were extremely significant with p-values less than 0.05. MPE showed selective effectiveness against Bacillus cereus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results highlight the potential of mango peel as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, contributing to waste reduction in the food industry and the development of natural antimicrobial agents. This study contributes to further research on the application of MPE in processed foods.

A comparative analysis on impact of drying methods on antioxidants, antidiabetes and antiobesity activities in green algae Caulerpa lentillifera: In vitro study

Marine algae, particularly Caulerpa lentillifera (C. lentillifera), have gained attention as potent sources of bioactive compounds with diverse health benefits. Despite its promising bioactivity, the influence of drying methods on its health-promoting properties remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of different drying methods on the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities of C. lentillifera. Fresh samples (GACL-FS) and those dried using air-fryer (GACL-AFD) and microwave (GACL-MD) methods were evaluated for carrageenan content, protein composition, and bioactive potentials. GACL-MD preserved the highest levels of protein, while fresh samples retained the highest carrageenan content. Antioxidant assays revealed superior performance in GACL-MD samples, showing significant DPPH and ABTS inhibition compared to Trolox standards. Similarly, antidiabetic assays demonstrated comparable α-glucosidase inhibition across all drying methods, suggesting robust retention of antidiabetic properties. Antiobesity activity, evaluated through lipase inhibition assays, highlighted GACL-MD's efficacy at lower concentrations, akin to Orlistat, while fresh and air-fryer dried samples showed varied results. In conclusion, C. lentillifera exhibits substantial potential as a functional food ingredient, with the drying method significantly influencing its bioactive profile. Microwave drying emerged as optimal for preserving antioxidant and antiobesity activities, emphasizing the need for tailored drying strategies to enhance nutritional benefits. Future research should focus on optimizing processing techniques and elucidating underlying mechanisms to fully harness C. lentillifera's health-promoting properties in functional food development and public health interventions.

Volvariella volvacea (paddy straw mushroom): A mushroom with exceptional medicinal and nutritional properties

Volvariella volvacea, commonly referred to as paddy straw mushroom, is renowned for its remarkable medicinal and nutritional properties. This mushroom, part of the family Pluteaceae, thrives in tropical and subtropical regions and is highly esteemed for its distinctive flavor and substantial health benefits. The fruiting body of V. volvacea is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including antioxidant enzymes, terpenes, polypeptides, sugars, phenolics, and flavonoids. These compounds exhibit an extensive range of therapeutic activities such as anti-tumor, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. Nutritionally, V. volvacea is an excellent source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, ascorbic acid, and essential minerals. It also boasts a comprehensive profile of amino acids, including valine, arginine, glutamine, serine, aspartic acid, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, asparagine, lysine, cystine, proline, glycine, tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and histidine. This review emphasizes the significant medicinal and nutritional potential of V. volvacea, advocating its inclusion as a functional food to enhance human health and well-being. By highlighting its diverse bioactive compounds and therapeutic benefits, this review aims to foster greater recognition and utilization of paddy straw mushroom in both dietary and medicinal applications.

Comparative Evaluation of the Phytochemical Composition of Fruits of Ten Haskap Berry (Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica Sevast.) Cultivars Grown in Poland

The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative fruit profiles of ten cultivars (cvs.) of haskap berry (Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica Sevast.) to determine their antioxidant activity (ABTS test, CUPRAC test, ability to capture superoxide (O2˙−) and hydroxyl radicals (OH˙)), cytotoxic activity (against cancer cell lines breast, MCF-7; colon, HT-29; and melanoma, SK-Mel-28) and physicochemical properties. Most of the selected cultivars had not previously been analyzed for these properties. A total of 19 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the fruits of the tested genotypes, with a quantitative range of 2166.3–3597.0 µg/g. The polyphenol profile was dominated by anthocyanins (90.0–92.4%), and the remaining classes occurred in the following order: phenolic acids > flavonols > flavan-3-ols. The highest concentrations of these polyphenol groups were found in the cultivars ‘Honeybee’, ‘Sinij Uties’ and ‘Usłada’. The fruits of these cultivars were also characterized by the highest antioxidant activity (546.6–683.5 µg/mL for O2˙− and 541.2–652.1 µg/mL for OH˙) and cytotoxic activity (103.6–649.2 µg/mL). The data obtained indicate that the fruits of the new haskap cultivars are a good source of bioactive compounds with possible health-promoting properties.

Bioactive Compounds Investigation and Antioxidant Activities in Extracts and Fractions of Tamarindus Indica (Aradib) From Sudan

Tamarindus indica is commonly used interest in Sudan for edible plant and medicinal use. This study aimed to determine bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities in extracts and fractions of Tamarindus indica pulp grown in Sudan. The powdered plant was extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone using an ultrasonic technique. The residue of the ethanol extract was fractionated using successive solvents. The extracts and fractions were determined for their phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins contents, and analyzed bioactive compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer, and also evaluate their antioxidant activities using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl, reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods. The results show that the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total tannins levels were significantly higher in the ethyl acetate fraction than in other extracts and fractions. GC-MS analyses of extracts and fractions showed a variety of bioactive compounds such as Hexadecanoic acid, Stigmasterol, Maltol, Sitosterol, Vitamin E, Allose, Tartaric acid, and Vaccenic acid. All the extracts and fractions exhibited good antioxidant activities. The extracts and fractions of Tamarindus indica pulp are sources of natural antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, which are beneficial effects on human health and the possibility of application in the pharmaceutical industry.

Fungi as biotechnological allies: Exploring contributions of edible and medicinal mushrooms.

Edible and medicinal mushrooms possess excellent nutritional properties due to their incredible versatility in growing on different substrates and producing extracellular enzymes with a wide range of specificity. These features make them excellent candidates for various biotechnological applications. In this context, biotechnological applications using edible and medicinal mushrooms can focus on the bioprocessing of agro-industrial wastes, an economical and environmentally friendly strategy. This review, based on recent original research and scientific reviews, highlights the versatility and potential of mushrooms in terms of sustainability and efficiency. We emphasized the biotechnological applications of edible and medicinal mushrooms and their enzymes including food production with high nutraceutical value by enhancing the quality and flavor of food industry products. Other biotechnological applications addressed in this review were cosmeceutical and biomedical development using mushroom extracts with bioactive compounds; wood pulp pretreatment processes in the pulp and paper industry; bioethanol production; and bioremediation for decontaminating soils and polluted effluents. These applications explain how edible and medicinal mushrooms have gained significance in biotechnology over the years, opening new avenues for innovation. The current tendency to study edible and medicinal mushrooms has gained the attention of researchers because these are still less known organisms becoming an attractive and natural source of novel bioactive compounds that could be integrated into a circular model production.

Nutrients and Antioxidants from Petit Verdot Grape Pomace Powder

T he study aimed to characterize pomace powder from the Petit Verdot grape of Mexican winemaking. The powder pomace (dry basis from pomace) was analyzed and contained 6.65% moisture, 9.17% fat, 9.54% protein, 51.41% dietary fiber, 6.10% soluble fiber, 45.3% insoluble fiber, and 4.62% ash. Also, the powder pomace contained various minerals, including calcium, copper, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, manganese, sodium, and potassium. The phenolic compounds found were hydrated quercetin, a cinnamic acid derivative, and a p-coumaric acid derivative. The limited diversity of phenolics in grape pomace powder is counterbalanced by its elevated dietary fiber and nutritional content, positioning it as a viable ingredient for food processing. The freeze-dried grape pomace powder contained a load of 4 log CFU/g, and the MacConkey culture medium detected no possible pathogenic microorganisms. These findings suggest that grape pomace powder could be a promising addition to the food industry, offering a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds.