Source Of Repellents Research Articles

Enhancing protection against Lasiodermaserricorne Fab. damage in seed spices using seed spice oils

Seed Spice oils of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cumin (Cuminumcyminumn L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller), and ajwain(Trachyspermum ammi L.) were used as impregnation on seed surface onsame seed as protectant against cigarette beetle Lasiodermaserricorne.All seed spice oils were able to significantly reduce the population of L.serricorneat all stages of observation. The application of fennel oil wasproved to be most detrimental against development of population of L.serricorne in fennel seed as only 11.3 beetle developed after 90 daysagainst 54.6 beetle in control treatment. Uses of higher concentration of oilapplied results more effective to reduce the population growth of beetle.The finding indicates the application of seed spice oil is good source ofrepellent for management of cigarette beetle during storage of seedspices.

Spatial repellency effects of Taiwanese plant oils on the biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana

The biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana (Shiraki) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), can cause severe allergic reactions. It can pass through typical mosquito netting, so repellents are an important control measure against it. This project sought to identify spatial repellents from plants traditionally used by Taiwanese Aboriginal peoples as insect repellents. Fresh plant leaves were collected, frozen, and powdered, and essential oils extracted using hexane then ethyl acetate as solvents. Some commercial oils were also used. The extracts were tested against lab-reared F. taiwana using a Y-tube olfactometer. The composition of the extracts was identified using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). Commercial citronella, lavender, and Formosan cypress oils were effective repellents, as were lab-made capillary wormwood and camphor oils. Knockdown was detected in commercial clove leaf, rosemary, common wormwood, and cajuput oils. The oil composition data is the first for many of the Taiwanese plants, many of which contained repellent compounds like caryophyllene, α-pinene, and germacrene D. The results agreed with previous studies on the effects of some plants but differed on others, possibly due differences in plant chemotype, extraction method, and oil concentrations. Key Policy Highlights Botanical oils may have some effect as personal repellents against Forcipomyia taiwana. Commercially available oils show the most promise. Certain endangered trees show promise as sources of repellents, so their conservation should be prioritized.

Evaluation of Five Essential Plant Oils as a Source of Repellent and Larvicidal Activities Against Larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Evaluation of Five Essential Plant Oils as a Source of Repellent and Larvicidal Activities Against Larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Plants cultivated in Choco, Colombia, as source of repellents against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Essential oils (EOs) of eight plants collected in Choco, Colombia, including Piper divaricatum, P. pseudolanceifolium, P. confertinodum, P. diazanum, Ocimum campechianum, Siparuna conica, Mikania micrantha and Hedychium coronarium, were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and tested as repellents against Tribolium castaneum, using the area preference method, after 2 and 4h exposure. The main components found in EOs were methyl eugenol, trans-β-cariophyllene, methyl eugenol, α-pinene, δ-cadinene, γ-elemene, α-pinene and 1,8-cineol, for O. campechianum, P. pseudolanceifolium, P. divaricatum, P. confertinodum, P. diazanum, S. conica, M. micrantha, and H. coronarium, respectively. Best repellent activities were observed for oils from O. campechianum and P. pseudolanceifolium with mean repellent concentration (RC50) values of 0.00006 and 0.0001μL/cm2 after 2h, and 0.00003 and 0.0001μL/cm2 after 4h, respectively; whereas the least potent was that from M. micrantha, with RC50 values of 0.074 and 0.040μL/cm2 at 2 and 4h exposure times, respectively. Based on average percentage repellence, oils from P. pseudolanceifolium and O. campechianum were classified as Class IV repellents and were better than the commercial repellent IR3535, classified as Class II. These data evidence the Choco region as an important source of natural repellents with promising commercial opportunities.

Repellent Activity of Essential Oils and Some of Their Individual Constituents against Tribolium castaneum Herbst

A tool for integrated pest management is the use of essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts. In this study, EOs from Tagetes lucida , Lepechinia betonicifolia , Lippia alba , Cananga odorata , and Rosmarinus officinalis , species grown in Colombia, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These oils as well as several of their constituents were tested for repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum , using the area preference method. The main components (>10%) found in EOs were methylchavicol, limonene/α-pinene, carvone/limonene, benzyl acetate/linalool/benzyl benzoate, and α-pinene, for T. lucida, L. betonicifolia, L. alba, C. odorata, and R. officinalis, respectively. All EOs were repellent, followed a dose-response relationship, and had bioactivity similar to or better than that of commercial compound IR3535. EOs from C. odorata and L. alba were the most active. Compounds from EOs, such benzyl benzoate, β-myrcene, and carvone, showed good repellent properties. In short, EOs from plants cultivated in Colombia are sources of repellents against T. castaneum.

Evaluation of Orange Peel Citrus Sinensis (L) As a Source of Repellent, Toxicant and Protectant against Zabrotes Subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Continued application of synthetic insecticides arise development of resistance and pollution of the environment. Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of products of orange ( Citrus sinensis ) peels in the control of the stored products beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus (L) in stored haricot beans (latin name). Different levels of the extracts and essential oil of Citrus sinensis was tested. Conventional synthetic insecticide, Pirimiphos-methyl, was used as a standard check. Toxicity potential of different extracts of C. sinensis was tested against Z. subfasciatus . Extracts prepared using different solvents against the beetles were not toxic. However, essential oils at highest rate of 750mg applied at 3ml per filter paper gave 100 % mortality after 24 h. Beans treated with 15g of sun dried powder of orange peel and 750mg of essential oil killed 65% and 67% of Z. subfaciatus after 96 hours respectively. Powders from ground peels caused significant reduction in progeny emergence of Z. subfasciatus (P Z. subfasciatus . The essential oil of orange peel had a high level of toxicity in the fumigation bioassay against Z. subfasiatus . Key words: Citrus sinensis , essential oil, Zabrotes subfasciatus , Pirimiphos-methyl, Percent weight loss, Damage assessment.

Axon guidance

Axon guidance

Evaluation of Ocimum kenyense (Ayobangira) as source of repellents, toxicants and protectants in storage against three major stored product insect pests

AbstractThe bioactivity of materials derived from the leaves and succulent stems of Ocimum kenyense against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) was assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory. O. kenyense applied as dry or ground leaves was not toxic to S. zeamais and R. dominica. The highest dosage of essential oil killed only 35% of the weevil but induced 96% mortality in the borer after 96 h. S. cerealella was most susceptible to O. kenyense since all the plant materials bioassayed evoked higher mortalities in the moth. Grains treated with 30 g of ground leaves and 750 mg of essential oil killed all the moths after 24 h. Similarly, dry and ground leaves had no effect on progeny production by S. zeamais but grains treated with essential oil extract significantly reduced the number of progeny produced by the weevil. All levels of dry leaves, ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kenyense caused significant reduction in progeny produced by R. dominica and S. cerealella. There was no progeny produced by both species in grains treated with the highest dosages of 30 g of ground leaves and 750 mg of essential oil extract. All the plant materials were highly repellent to S. zeamais, with the highest dosages of ground leaves and essential oil evoking the highest repellent action. The materials, however, showed only moderate repellency against R. dominica and rather low repellency against the moth. Ground leaves and essential oil extract provided the greatest protection of maize and sorghum against feeding by R. dominica and S. cerealella with no observable feeding damage to grains treated the highest dosages of both materials. The potential practical use of O. kenyense as grain protectants in farm‐stored grains in rural communities in Africa is discussed.

Evaluation ofOcimum suave(Willd) as a source of repellents, toxicants and protectants in storage against three stored product insect pests

Abstract The bioactivity of materials from the leaves and succulent stems of 0. suave was tested against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) in maize and sorghum. O. suave applied as dry or ground leaves was not toxic to S. zeamais but as essential oil extract was highly toxic to the weevil. Higher dosages of ground leaves and essential oil extract induced 100% mortality in R. dominica. S. cerealella was most susceptible to O. suave since all the plant materials bioassayed evoked higher mortalities in the moth. The materials also caused significant reduction in progeny produced by the insects. All the plant materials were highly repellent to S. zeamais with ground leaves evoking the highest repellent action. There was, however, considerable variation in the repellency of the materials against R. dominica and S. cerealella. Ground leaves and essential oil extract provided the greatest protection of maize and sorghum against attack by the insects. The pot...

Evaluation of Aphanamixis polystachya as a source of repellents, antifeedants, toxicants and protectants in storage against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Seed extracts of Aphanamixis polystachya Wall and Parker (pithraj) were evaluated for their repellent, antifeedant and contact toxicity to adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The crude seed extracts were strong repellents and moderate feeding deterrents to T. castaneum. All extracts were toxic to beetles. The ethanol extract was the most toxic of four extracts tested and showed the lowest LD 50 value. Ground leaves, barks and seeds were also tested for oviposition deterrency to T. castaneum. The ground leaves, bark and seeds in a 2.5% mixture provided some protection for wheat flour by reducing F1 progeny.