Source Analysis Method Research Articles

Study on Noise Source Analysis and Control Method of Gas Station

With the rapid development of economy, environmental issues have attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. As a new type of efficient energy, urban gas plays a vital role in promoting the healthy development of cities and mitigating urban air pollution. As the hub of urban gas, gas stations play the role of gas distribution, peak regulation and pressure regulation, and are necessary facilities for the safe and stable operation of urban gas pipeline network. With the increase of the number of urban gas stations, the noise problem generated by the stations is becoming increasingly prominent, which seriously affects the quality of people’s life and social environment. Based on the analysis of the causes of gas station noise, this paper analyzes the noise control strategy of gas station.

Віртуальний меморіал пам’яті полеглих шевченківців «ГЕРОЇ НЕ ВМИРАЮТЬ…»: історія створення, концепція та інформаційне наповнення

The purpose of the article is to introduce the materials of the Virtual memorial to the people of Shevchenko University fallen of war «HEROES DO NOT DIE...» into scientifi c circulation. These are stories about members of the community of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, who died in the war for the independence of Ukraine, starting in 2014, and showed civic patriotism, courage and sacrifi ce. Collective historical memory is formed precisely on these ideas. The research methodology is based on a set of general scientifi c methods of historicism, systematicity, objectivity, and methods of source analysis, which allowed for a comprehensive approach to the coverage of the topic. Scientifi c novelty: the materials of the Virtual memorial to the people of Shevchenko University fallen of war «HEROES DO NOT DIE...» are introduced into scientifi c circulation for the fi rst time and are considered as one of the sources of historical memory. Prospects for further studies: this study can be used for historical and regional scientifi c research in the fi eld of further study of the Occupation of Crimea (February 22 – March 18, 2014), the War in the East of Ukraine (2014–2022), the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine (February 24, 2022), the study of the recent history of Ukraine and to preserve the memory of the tragic events that befell the Ukrainian people in the fi rst half of the 21st century. Conclusions. The Virtual memorial to the people of Shevchenko University fallen of war «HEROES DO NOT DIE...», launched by the Communications Center of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, has important social and historical signifi cance for the preservation of national memory and is an important source of research in the fi eld of studying Russian armed aggression against Ukraine. The published materials of the memorial illustrate the participation of students, employees, graduates of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in the Russia’s war against Ukraine, have historical value and great information potential.

«Сирітські твори» як об’єкти авторського права: поняття, правовий режим використання (Продовження. Початок – у №2(231) за 2022 р.)

The purpose of the work is to study the legal regime for the use of «orphan works» in the European Union, Great Britain, Canada, and the United States. In order to achieve the goal, there is analyzed the basic regulatory legal act of EU copyright – Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain permitted uses of «orphan works», and the positive consequences of its provisions for ensuring a unifi ed approach to recognizing the legal status and legal certainty of the use of these works in within the EU, the peculiarities of its application in the legislation of Great Britain. The legal mechanisms of legalization of «orphan works» in Canada and the USA are also described. The European Integration Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights» (№ 5552-1), adopted on December 1, 2022, aimed at harmonizing Ukrainian legislation in the fi eld of copyright and related rights with European legislation, which regulates the recognition of works and objects of related rights as «orphan works».The research methodology is based on the application of general scientifi c (historical, logical, systemic, structural-functional, logical-semantic) and special scientifi c (comparative legal, terminological analysis, source analysis and synthesis) methods. The scientifi c novelty, given the lack of research in Ukrainian archival studies of the mentioned topic, consists in the comprehensive coverage of the foreign experience of determining the legal status and establishing the legal regime for the use of «orphan works». In the conclusions, taking into account the transition of archival institutions to digital standards of activity, the World and European experience of law enforcement practice, the work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, changes in legislation, it is recommended to prepare an appropriate regulatory document in cooperation with lawyers for the regulation of archival work with «orphan documents».

Viktor Kosenko: at the Crossroads of Cultures and Traditions. Warsaw

The relevance of the investigation is justified by the lack of research into the first two decades of the life of the outstanding Ukrainian musician of the first half of the 20th century, Viktor Stepanovych Kosenko — an extremely important time when the foundations of the worldview and aesthetic beliefs of the future composer were laid. During this period, Viktor Kosenko, together with other family members, was in Warsaw, where he received a thorough general and musical education.
 The situation of another "white spot in domestic musicology" related to the artist's biography was created due to the lack of materials and documents, as well as the artist's personal belongings related to this period. The socio-political circumstances of Soviet Ukraine, in which Viktor Kosenko found himself in the 20s of the 20th century, became an obstacle to the preservation of sources and information of the relevant time.
 It has also been established that the composer's biography, which has been repeatedly reproduced in reference books and studies, is artificially constructed by him "at the demand of time". The scientific novelty of the study is the introduction into wide circulation of the socio-worldview and cultural panorama of the initial period of the artist's life. Therefore, the actual goal of the article is the reconstruction of the circumstances of the first twenty years of the composer's biography. The methodological basis of the research is the cultural-historical, biographical, as well as the method of source analysis, used to reproduce the initial period of V. S. Kosenko’s life path.
 Thanks to little-known publications of memoirs of the artist's contemporaries, as well as archival findings of modern scientists, it was possible to restore some facts of Viktor Kosenko's biography. The study focuses on the peculiarities of the educational and pedagogical process in the Warsaw Suvorov Cadet Corps, where the future composer studied. Emphasis is placed on the influence of many traditions, both national and social-worldview, with which Viktor Kosenko could come into contact during this period of his life. The atmosphere, traditions, way of life, as well as artistic impressions that formed the personality of the young musician and possibly influenced his further musical life are also considered.
 Conclusions. The multinational and multicultural environment of the earliest period of Victor Kosenko's life in Warsaw probably left an impression on the artist. Being at the intersection of cultures and traditions — a military and artistic environment with their inherent worldviews, a change in artistic and sociopolitical orientations at the border of the 19th and 20th centuries, the presence in everyday life of several national traditions (officially declared Russian, urban culture of Warsaw, preservation of Ukrainian origins in the family circle, a diverse circle of teachers and fellow students, etc.), could not but influence the growth of the creative personality of the Europeanized composer, who was open to other cultures. Tracing multi-level and multi-vector influences on the formation of creative ideas and their further specification looks like a promising direction for further research of the artist's creativity.

Recent Research Progress on Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Outdoor and Indoor Environments

Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are derivatives of PAHs and contain one or more nitro functional groups (-NO2). Some NPAHs are classified as possible or probable human carcinogens and are more mutagenic than PAHs. Although the atmospheric cancer risk is estimated as 11% from PAHs but 17% from NPAHs, many of the atmospheric behaviors of NPAHs are unknown. There are two major NPAH formation processes. Primary formation of NPAHs occurs directly during the combustion of organic materials. The secondary formation of NPAHs occurs through the transformation of PAHs after they have been released into the environment. The fate, transport, and health effects of NPAHs are considerably different from their parent PAHs because of these differing formation processes. However, the amount of research conducted on NPAHs is comparatively low relative to PAHs. This is primarily due to a lack of effective analytical method for NPAHs, which generally exist in the environment at concentrations one to three orders of magnitude lower than PAHs. However, with the development of more sensitive analytical methods, the number of research papers published on NPAHs has recently increased. The Western Pacific region, one of the post polluted areas in the world, is the most frequently studied area for NPAHs. Many of them reported that atmospheric concentrations of NPAHs were much lower than parent PAHs and oxygenated derivatives (OPAHs). In this article, recent research on sample treatment and analysis, as well as the sources and environmental fate of NPAHs, are discussed with PAHs and OPAHs. A notable achievement using NPAHs is the development of a new emission source analysis method, the NP method, whose features are also discussed in this review.

Європейська торгівля з арабським Сходом у VIII–Х ст.: роль слов’ян і Русі

The purpose of the study is to analyze written and archaeological sources on early medieval international trade and to clarify the role of the Slavs and Kyiv Rus in the development of European and transcontinental trade relations. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, interdisciplinarity as well as on general historical methods of historiographical and source analysis, historical-genetic and comparative methods. Scientific novelty. Based on sources and historiographical research, an attempt has been made to find out the role of the Slavs and Kyiv Rus in Europe’s early medieval trade with the Arab East, and to identify possible routes for international trade including the Vikings to the Greeks route. Conclusions. As a result of the Arab conquests, there were significant changes in the geography of international trade routes. They shifted from the Mediterranean basin to the north and passed through the Slavic-populated regions of Central and Eastern Europe and Ruthenia. The new system of water and land routes connected the European Frankish West, the Slavic Baltic Pomerania, the Danube and the Ruthenian East of the continent. With the development of trade with the Arab East, the Way from the Vikings to the Greeks was formed and began to function, connecting the lands of the Baltic Wagri Slavs with Kyiv and Constantinople. It ran through the trade centers of the Pomeranian Slavs in the Baltic, across the Vistula, Western Bug, Pripyat, Dnieper and to the Black Sea coincided with the route of the transcontinental highway between Europe and the Arab East, which passed further east through the Sea of Azov, Don, Volga and the Caspian Sea. According to Arab authors, the main goods of Arab imports, including fur, honey, wax, and Frankish swords, came to the east from the Slavic lands and Ruthenia. The earliest and largest treasures of Arab dirhams, found in the lands of the Baltic Slavs, also indicate that the main counterparts of Arab trade in Europe were the Slavs and Ruthenia. The active participation of Ruthenian state in international trade is also evidenced by the construction of a network of stone fortresses in the upper Seversky Donets, Oskol and the Middle and Lower Don, which were not only border outposts of Ruthenia, but also trading posts.

Вячеслав Прокопович у боротьбі за українську державність та національну ідею: штрихи до портрета політичного діяча і науковця

The purpose of the article is to refl ect the life path of the Ukrainian public and political fi gure, historian Viacheslav Prokopovych (1881–1942) to study his contribution to the struggle for Ukrainian statehood during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921 as well as in political exile in Poland and France. The methodological basis of the research included the consistent application of the principles of historicism, objectivity, systemic and interdisciplinary approaches, and comparative studies. The use of the biographical method in combination with the methods of source analysis and synthesis made it possible to consider the life of V. Prokopovych in the context of social and political events, through the prism of interpersonal communication, professional, and family environment. The scientifi c novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is based on the study and comparative analysis of V. Prokopovych’s archival and published heritage. It highlighted the formation of personality, signifi cant milestones of his life and activity, participation in the Ukrainian public, political, cultural, and educational movement, activity as Prime Minister of the Government of the Ukrainian People`s Republic during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921 and the period of emigration. In the formation of the research source base, an important role was assigned to the analysis and introduction into the scientifi c circulation of documents’ information from the V. Prokopovych’s personal archives, which is preserved in the fonds of the Symon Petliura Ukrainian Library in Paris. Conclusions. V. Prokopovych, taking an active role in the Ukrainian political and cultural movement from the beginning of the 20th century, made a signifi cant contribution to the struggle for Ukrainian statehood, defending Ukrainian national interests and values as a politician, statesman, public fi gure, journalist, and historian. He held key positions in the Government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, being the Minister of Education and Prime Minister. During the period of his forced political emigration, he actively participated in the development of the Government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile, and he was one of the founders and a long-time editor of the weekly Tryzub, the creator and chairman of the Council of the Symon Petliura Ukrainian Library in Paris. His scientifi c, publicist, and archival heritage represents a signifi cant public interest and requires deep study.

Quotation of Stage Images of Hard Rock and Heavy Metal Musicians of the 1970-90s in Clothing Design of the 21st Century

Research aim. The article is devoted to the review of modern clothing design projects in the context of quoting the stage images of hard rock and heavy metal musicians of the 1970s-1990s. Research methods. The source analysis method was used to find out the level of scientific development of the problem. Collecting factual material method was used to search for visual information. To describe and process the visual information of stage images of musicians and shows of leading designers’ collections, the Art history methods, aesthetic and structural-compositional analysis, as well as the comparative method, were used. The theoretical generalization method was used to formulate the conclusions. Visual material is taken from printed publications and the Internet. Scientific novelty is in identifying the main stylistic features of the stage costume of performers of the hard rock and heavy metal musical genres in the 70s and 90s of the 20th century, as well as in comparing and finding quotes of stage images of musicians in modern catwalk clothing collections. Conclusions. The development of the stage costume design of hard rock and heavy metal genres with its wide influence on street fashion, as well as “official fashion”, was due to a significant spread of media technologies popularization at the end of the 20th century. Stage images of artists were imitated and introduced into an everyday wardrobe, firstly, by their fans; secondly, its distribution was facilitated by high-profile advertising companies promoting bands and performers; thirdly, it spread through the fashion industry and the work of talented designers who sensed the mood of society and were able to predict the commercial success of the new aesthetic. In the 21st century well-known brands and designers actively quote performers’ stage costumes. Ways of quoting are very diverse: from completely copying images or borrowing a separate assortment, copying forms and details of clothes to the imitation of cut, decoration, and trimming. The most popular quoting is the use of band mascots or logos to print and design materials, various patches, and stickers. Borrowing a characteristic combination of the assortment in creating a general image has recently become the most popular. From the general trends of today, we come to the conclusion that experiments with the form itself and its material components are significantly inferior to experiments with the emotional filling of images, which are successfully provided by quoting the stage costume with its hyperbolized spectacularity and expressiveness.

Quantitative identification of groundwater contamination sources by combining isotope tracer technique with PMF model in an arid area of northwestern China

Nowadays, groundwater quality has deteriorated because of intensive human activities. It is important to accurately identify the pollution source for controlling the deterioration of groundwater quality. However, the accuracy of the current source analysis method needs to be improved. In this study, we combined hydrochemical method, isotope tracing technique and PMF model, for the first time, to trace the source of groundwater pollution in Beichuan River basin, Qinghai Province, China. According to the results, there were 35.8% of Fe, 34.1% of total hardness, 24.3% of SO42− and 8.09% of NO3− samples exceeded the Grade III standards for Groundwater quality in China, which indicated that the groundwater in the study area has been significantly affected by human activities. Hydrochemical method suggested that the chemical component originated from rock weathering, cation exchange and mineral dissolution. Based on isotope tracing technique (δ15N–NO3-, δ18O–NO3-, δ34S–SO42− and δ18O–SO42−), the primary sources of nitrate and sulfate in groundwater were soil nitrogen and oxidation of sulfide minerals in the forest area, domestic sewage and oxidation of sulfide minerals in the urban and industrial area, and mixed sources in the village and agricultural area. Finally, the pollution source of groundwater was distinguished by combining the PMF model, isotope tracing technique and hydrochemical method. Results showed that the main pollutant of groundwater is domestic sewage in the urban, village and industrial area. The contribution rates to groundwater pollution were 60.7%, 60.8% and 57.8%, respectively. However, in the forest and agricultural area, the main source changed to water-rock interaction and chemical fertilizer, and the contribution rates to groundwater quality were 53.5% and 61.0%, respectively. Our results suggested that the coupling tracing methodology can improve the accuracy of source resolution in the water environment and it can be applied to other areas of the world.

Initiative Improvement in Saint-Petersburg: from Local Community Art towards Tactical Urbanism

The article summarizes the preliminary results of the analysis of public initiatives in the field of landscaping in St. Petersburg. In order to systematize the variety of research approaches and assessments of interested persons authors used the methods of source analysis and generalization (grouping) of assessments and analogies in relation to the objects and phenomena under consideration.The practical part of the study consisted in the formation of an array of data and a bank of cases in the field of grassroots initiatives to improve the urban environment and the formation of public spaces. Based on the data obtained, there was created a map of the activity of urban communities, as well as a heat map, illustrating the foci of concentration of the social capital of the city. As the analytical tools authors used models of joint actions and cooperation, research methods of the theory of public goods and behavioral economics, as well as the method of geoinformation analysis.As a unifying term for the phenomena under consideration, the authors propose the term “initiative improving”, meaning a spontaneously emerging and developing form of civic activity at the place of residence using self-organization and self-financing tools. The range of revealed facts of initiative landscaping varies from negatively perceived ‘local community art’ (a form of naive and artisanal improvement of the space around a residential building) to initiatives of residents to restore and form public facilities approved by the majority (restoration of entrances of historical buildings, lost historical elements, green spaces). Intermediate forms in this regard are initiatives within the framework of territorial public self-government, festive events and temporary facilities. The concept that allows us to describe the most constructive format is M. Lydon's “tactical urbanism” — the theory of “small affairs” in the field of urban development.The novelty of the presented approach consists in the systematization of the facts of initiative improvement (including negative ones) and their integration into the general logic of modern urban development against the background of currently prevailing approaches based on the allocation of the decisive role of professionals and experts in this process.

«Как мы строили метро»: об одном сюжете проекта «История фабрик и заводов»

The work is devoted to two books on the history of the metro, published in 1935 — “Stories of the builders of the subway” and “How we built the subway”. Both books were created within the framework of the project “The History of factories and plants”, conceived and implemented by M. Gorky. The history of books studied in the article covers extensive materials (fiction, memoirs, epistolary, documentary, etc.) and at the same time is strategically important for the development of the topic of labor in Soviet literature. The problem of the writer's organizational activity aimed at rallying the writing teams working on production collections is touched upon. The sources of information were documents from the Archive of A.M. Gorky (IMLI RAS) and OR IMLI, which are published for the first time. These ego documents provide additional, previously unknown, material for the study of the project “History of factories and plants”, and also allow you to restore individual episodes of the 1930s. All this allows us to conclude that the stated topic is one of the important strategic directions in the study of the literary process of the twentieth century. When studying the problem, a set of methods of source analysis was used, while biographical, memoir, epistolary and other materials served as sources

«Сирітські твори» як об’єкти авторського права: поняття, правовий режим використання

The purpose of the work is to comprehensively investigate «orphan works» as objects of copyright: the causes and scale of the problem; consider the conceptual legal interpretation, essential features, detection mechanisms, legal grounds for the transition to the public domain, experience in developing a legal regime for their use in the European Union, Great Britain, Canada, and the United States in the context of increasing public demand for the possibility of free and high-tech access to knowledge, innovations, and cultural heritage; to analyze the initiatives of Ukrainian scientists and developments in Ukrainian legislation on this topic. To achieve the goal, the following issues were considered: normative legal acts of the legislation of Ukraine, which regulate social relations in the fi eld of copyright and related rights; acts of secondary EU law (directives and recommendations) that defi ned the legal and organizational mechanisms for the legal activity of «memory institutions» for the use of «orphan works» in the context of the digitization of European cultural heritage and access to digital content; legislative acts of individual foreign countries related to the issues of the article. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientifi c (historical, logical, systemic, structural-functional, logical-semantic) and special scientifi c (comparative legal, terminological analysis, source analysis and synthesis) methods. The scientifi c novelty, considering the lack of research in Ukrainian archival studies of the mentioned topic, is in the comprehensive coverage of the foreign experience of legalizing the use of «orphan works». The conclusions justify the need to study this experience and adapt it to solving the problems and tasks of archival aff airs of the state.

Neo-militant Democracy and (Un)fulfilled Destination of Consolidated Democracies? The Inner Six in Comparative Perspective

Drawing upon the methods of qualitative source analysis and process tracing, the study addresses the following research questions: How was the national legislation of consolidated democracies positioned to neo-militant democracy measures during the recovery from the great financial crisis (2007–2009)? To what extent was democracy prone to authoritarian abuse depending on a neo-militant democracy rule implementation? It advances arguments to reject Carlo Invernizzi Accetti’s and Ian Zuckerman’s hypothesis that if the freedom of political actors is restricted through militant democracy measures, democracy becomes more prone to authoritarian abuse in the long run. In the founding states of the EU, neo-militant democracy measures functioned in the legal structures long before the outbreak of the great financial crisis, during the crisis (2007–2009), and in the period of recovery. The states restricted democratic freedoms of speech, the press, association, and assembly. Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany also limited organization in political parties. Moreover, during the recovery from the crisis, that is, a period of particular vulnerability of democracy to authoritarian abuse, the lists of relevant precautions were extended in France, Italy, and Germany. In these states, strengthening neo-militant democracy measures was neither a factor undermining democracy nor making it prone to drift towards a hybrid or authoritarian regime.

Copyright in digitizing documents of the 20th century by libraries of Ukraine: legislative and technical and technological aspects

Introduction. The use of digital technologies for the preservation of cultural heritage and the dissemination of culture in society is a trend that is recognized throughout the world. Digitization allows significant library collections to be revealed and made available to the public. Problem Statement. Libraries and other institutions are forced to comply with the law on copyright and related rights, and therefore do not have the opportunity to freely dispose of documents from their own holdings for use for the needs of society. Purpose. Identification of priority directions for solving this issue in Ukraine, in order to provide libraries with legal grounds to digitize documents of the 20th century subject to copyright, out-of-commerce works and orphan works. Materials and Methods. During the research, we used information and data obtained during the processing of scientific papers on this issue; analysis of international documents, legal acts of the European Union, national legislation of the EU Member States and Ukraine; study of the practical experience of world libraries in digitizing these groups of documents. Comparative and systematic approaches, source analysis, and other general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization) were used in the process of research. Results. The research has given grounds to determine the priority directions for solving the problem of digiti­zation of documents by libraries in Ukraine. The main directions include: 1) the introduction of exceptions to copyright law which libraries and other institutions could use to digitize documents of historical and cultural significance by the state; 2) the creation of national orphan works and out-of-commerce works registers; 3) the active use of modern technical means of document protection by libraries in organizing various modes of user access to documents. Conclusions. The study has confirmed the need for a systematic solution to the problem of digitizing copyright documents and orphan works. Providing legal grounds to digitize documents will not only reveal valuable collections from library holdings but also lead to the cultural and economic well-being of the country in the future.

InSAR terrain mapping error sources based on satellite interferometry

Abstract To improve the accuracy of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) topographic mapping, an error source analysis method of InSAR topographic mapping based on satellite interferometry is proposed. According to the basic principle of InSAR altimetry, the preconditions of SAR satellite interferometry are quantitatively analyzed, and the phase error experiment is carried out. The error sources of formation satellite InSAR system are studied. Finally, the error sources affecting the formation satellite InSAR system are systematically analyzed. The experimental results show that this method has good analytical performance, quantitatively evaluates the propagation law of each error, and provides a basic reference for practical application.

Prevalence of internal diseases of dogs and cats: a retrospective analysis (1994–2014)

The aim: to analyze the literature data for the period from 1992 to 2010 on the spread of internal diseases among dogs and cats.
 Materials and methods. The research was conducted by the method of scientific literature open source analysis: PubMed, Elsevier, electronic resources of the National Library named after V.I. Vernadsky (1994–2014).
 Results. In the practice of veterinary medicine, internal diseases are a significant part of other diseases of dogs and cats. According to research by domestic authors, a significant number of scientific issues in the study of internal diseases of both productive and non-productive animals remain unclear. Recently, significant progress has been made in the study of internal diseases of dogs, developed methods of their medical examination. Also in recent years, Ukrainian scientists have conducted fundamental research on domestic diseases of domestic cats – urolithiasis, chronic renal failure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, liver lipidosis. Foreign researchers most often diagnose the following internal diseases in dogs and cats among the pathologies of the respiratory, digestive, endocrine and urinary systems: chronic renal failure, glomerulonephritis, diabetes, chronic hepatitis and cholangiohepatitis, gastrointestinal and bronchial diseases. Diagnostic studies of animals with internal pathology are carried out using clinical, instrumental and laboratory methods. According to the scientific works of foreign scientists, the problem of diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is taken care of by scientists around the world, including veterinary medicine, so the problem of diabetes in domestic cats is very relevant in modern science and practice.
 Conclusions. Thus, internal diseases are very common among dogs and cats, and the diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies needs further improvement. This is because the number of unproductive pets is constantly growing, and owners are increasingly seeking veterinary care. That is why there is a need to develop new advanced non-invasive and informative methods for diagnosing internal diseases based on biochemical and clinical and instrumental studies

POLISH-AMERICAN ALLIANCE DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF DONALD TRUMP IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF OFFENSIVE BANDWAGONING

The aim of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the Polish-American alliance during the presidency of Donald Trump in the perspective of the concept of offensive bandwagoning. In Poland, the United States is invariably perceived as the main external guarantor of security. For this reason, Poland's security policy is clearly pro-American. The Polish authorities from the Law and Justice party and the US administration of President Donald Trump were brought together by many factors, including ideological closeness, disputes with Western European political elites, relativizing the principles of the rule of law and democracy, and a similar view of the geopolitics of Central and Eastern Europe. I argue that in recent years the Polish-American alliance was deepened, but at the same time the asymmetry in relations between the states increased. Even more than usual, symptoms of clientelism were noticeable in Poland's security policy towards the US, which was a consequence of the implementation of the offensive bandwagoning concept. I also argue that the tightening of Polish-American alliance was detrimental to the cohesion and solidarity in NATO and the EU, which was against the basic interests of Poland's security. During the research, the method of text source analysis was used. The research could support decision-makers in developing the basic principles of Poland's security policy towards the United States.

Документальне зібрання Науково-дослідного інституту астрономії Харківського національного університету імені В. Н. Каразіна як джерельна база з історії розвитку астрономічної науки

The article is devoted to the topic of representative analysis of archival documents of the history of astronomical science from the period the end of the XIX – the fi rst half of XX century. The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of a complex historical and scientifi c research of the information potential and the content of the retro-informative materials of the documentary collection of the Institute of Astronomy of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University during a certain period. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historicism, objectivity and a systematic approach to the study of the problem. General scientifi c (historical, comparative, retrospective) and special methods (historical-biographical, historical-systemic, problem-chronological and methods of source analysis) have been used to solve specifi c problems which allowed the complex investigation and analysis of new factual material. Scientifi c novelty. For the fi rst time the information on the composition and content of the documentary collection of the of the Institute of Astronomy of the end of the XIX – the fi rst half of XX century was analyzed; its information potential and order of access to archival primary sources are characterized. It is revealed that the documentary collection of the Institute of Astronomy is a valuable and suffi ciently informative source for reproducing the facts of the history of astronomy in Kharkiv at a certain period, which will signifi cantly supplement the source base of research on the history of domestic and European astronomy. Prospects for further research. Since the vast majority of documents from the reviewed massif have not actually been put into scientifi c circulation, it is planned to continue work on scientifi c and technical development of documentary collection and research of archival information, in particular, in preparation of the advanced scientifi c and research work on the history of astronomy in Kharkiv at the end of XIX – the fi rst half of XX century.

Між окупацією й еміграцією: доля радянської інтелігенції у 1943–1944 рр. за документами служб Альфреда Розенберґа

The purpose of the research is to characterize the documents of the Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce and the Commissioner of the Fuehrer for the Supervision of the Entire Intellectual and Ideological Schooling and Training of the NSDAP (or briefl y the Rosenberg Offi ce) as sources about the life of the representatives of the Soviet intelligentsia, who migrated to Western Europe in 1943–1944. The research methodology consists of historical-archival, historical[1]comparative research methods, source analysis methods. The scientifi c novelty is determined by the fact that the materials of the Rosenberg Offi ce, in particular, have not yet been the subject of a separate comprehensive scientifi c archival and source review for their possible use as the historical sources on the life of the representatives of the Soviet intelligentsia, who migrated to Western Europe in 1943–1944. Conclusions. The analysis of the documents from the Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce as well as related documents of the Rosenberg Offi ce allows us to conclude that a number of their documents for 1943–1944 contain the valuable information on several dozen persons from Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus, who collaborated with the Rosenberg Offi ce and the Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce as researchers, librarians, translators, etc. These documents were characterized by the place of storage, in form and content: among them were reports, lists of employees, correspondence. They contain information about the place of work, place of residence, salary, marital status, job duties, as well as personal data: age, education, profession, knowledge of the German language.

Новые челобитные жителей Переславля-Залесского и его уезда из русского архива Яна Сапеги

Introduction. The article describes the documents of the Russian archive of Y.P. Sapieha of 1608– 1611, which supplement the systematized fund of Pereslavl-Zalessky and its county as part of the previously reconstructed collection of papers. Methods and materials. The methods of source analysis, elements of archeographic, paleographic, linguistic source characteristics of texts are used. Published materials discovered by the Swedish researcher E. Lefstrand in the State Archive of Sweden, contain little-known episodes from the life of Pereslavl county, reflected in the petitions of representatives of different strata of the population submitted to the impostor False Dmitry I, and Hetman Sapieha in the period from mid-autumn to the end of 1608. Analysis. The new documents, as their study shows, significantly replenish one of the sections of the Sapieha Russian archive, which includes letters, formal responses and petitions from residents of Zamoskovye and Pomerania. Results. In the process of multidimensional analysis, new information of a documentary-substantive and pragmatic nature was revealed, clarifying the actions of the government army under the command of M.V. Skopin-Shuisky in the situation around Pereslavl-Zalessky, shedding light on important details of the functioning of the Tushinsky regime in the Zamoskovye and the circumstances of the overthrow of the power of the Poles in the captured county lands; the role of petitioning as a form of fixing reliable information about the events that took place and their direct participants. Authors’ contribution. N.E. Tyumentseva correlated the papers with the sections of the reconstructed archive and with the available chronological information, gave an archaeographic description of the documents; N.A. Tupikova read the texts, outlined the principles of their reproduction, carried out a source analysis and general editing of the article.