Sorghum Grain Research Articles

Improving digestibility of sorghum proteins by CRISPR/Cas9‐based genome editing

AbstractKafirins are the primary storage proteins in sorghum kernels that provide amino acids for seed germination. The highly proteolytic resistant γ‐ and β‐kafirins form the cross‐linked outer layers that encapsulate α‐kafirins to generate protein bodies, resulting in poor digestibility of sorghum grains. The sorghum kafirins thus contribute to the poor quality of the kernels. The nutritional quality and digestibility of sorghum grains can be improved by reducing the contents of kafirin. γ‐Kafirin is encoded by the K2G gene, which is located on sorghum chromosome 2. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to target the K2G gene to create new sorghum lines with reduced levels of kafirin. A guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed to introduce mutations in the CDS region that encodes the endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide of γ‐kafirin. The pK2GsgRNA/Cas9 vector was transformed into sorghum using the pollen‐mediated transformation method. Sequencing of the transformants showed that three out of 24 transgenic plants contain genetic mutations in the targeted region. Compared with the wildtype, the γ‐kafirin contents of the mutant plants decreased by 12.75%–19.22%, and the protein digestibility of the mutant kernels increased by 26.91%–74.31% in raw flour. Although the grain weights remained comparable to those of the wildtype, the growth of the mutant plants was more vigorous as the mutant shoots grew taller and thicker compared with those of the wildtype. Our work advances the ability to improve the digestibility of an important crop. The resulting quality improvements can also be rapidly deployed for breeding and generation of transgene‐free, improved cultivars of sorghum, a major crop worldwide.

Sorghum grain germination as a route to improve kafirin digestibility: Biochemical and label free proteomics insights.

Kafirin, the sorghum grain storage protein presents lower digestibility compared to its cereals counterparts. Germination has been proposed as an adequate bioprocessing method to improve seed protein digestibility. Here, germination was rationalized so as to evenly sample germinated seeds and the dynamic changes of the proteome and several biochemical markers was connected for the first time with the in vitro protein digestibility of germinated seeds. Free sulfhydryl groups increased during germination and in vitro protein digestibility enhanced. The dynamic in abundance of several enzymes out of which 3 cysteine proteases were found to coincide with appearance of aqueous soluble peptides derived from kafirin at boot time of their degradation. The study provides deep information about the molecular events occurring during sorghum seed germination and reveals potential biomarkers of the kafirin proteolysis. It points a way to improve sorghum nutritional value through controlled germination.

Performance of microwave-assisted extraction of proanthocyanidins from red sorghum grain in various power and citric acid concentration

Performance of microwave-assisted extraction of proanthocyanidins from red sorghum grain in various power and citric acid concentration

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Rabi Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Long term study on different crops indicated that application of balanced NPK fertilizer couldn’t meet higher yield due to poor physical properties and micronutrient deficiencies. Keeping in view to the above concept a experiment entitled “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Rabi Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)” was conducted at post graduate experimental farm of M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi during the rabi season, 2022. The experimental soil was sandy loam with low in available nitrogen and medium in phosphorus and potassium. The experimental design was randomized block design, which consists of 10 numbers of treatments as different combinations of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and farmyard manure (FYM), each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments are T­1: Control, T2: 50% RDF, T3: 75%RDF, T4: 100%RDF, T5: 50%RDF+5t FYM ha-1, T6: 50% RDF + 10t FYM ha-1, T7: 75% RDF + 5t FYM ha-1, T8: 75%RDF+10t FYM ha-1, T9: 100%RDF + 5t FYM ha-1, T10: 100%RDF + 10t FYM ha-1. Among all the treatments significantly highest growth, yield attributes and nutrient uptake were recorded from the treatment 100% RDF + 10t FYM ha-1(T10). Application of 100% RDF + 10t FYM ha-1 recorded highest sorghum grain yield (2416 kg ha-1) and gross return (₹85108/- ha-1). However, maximum net return (₹48010/- ha-1) was recorded from 100%RDF + 5t FYM ha-1 but B:C ratio (1.49) from 75%RDF.

Comparative Effect of Spent Mushroom Compost and NPK Fertilizer on the Growth of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench and Zea mays L. Using Fodder Hydroponics Techniques

The grains of maize and sorghum were converted to grass in the screenhouse for eight days. The treatments evaluated were control (water), spent mushroom compost (SMC), NPK fertilizer, and SN (combination of SMC and NPK). Each treatment was replicated thrice in a complete randomized block design. Growth parameters and nutrient analysis were determined. The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer was tested on proximate, minerals and digestibility of hydroponics maize fodder (HMF) and hydroponics sorghum fodder (HSF). The study showed significant difference (P < 0.05) in all the compositions and parameters except pH values. SN application gave the highest proximate compositions (%) of maize-crude-protein (23.66±0.05), maize-moisture (14.62±0.01), maize-CHO (57.86±0.03), maize-NFE (43.96±0.02), maize-fibre (2.44±0.03), sorghum-ash (1.28±0.02), and sorghum moisture (12.56±0.01). NPK gave the highest result of sorghum-crude-protein (18.51±0.04); while SMC gave the highest results of maize maize-crude-fibre (27.71±0.02), maize-fibre (2.22±0.01), maize-ash (3.21±0.01), sorghum-CHO (61.00±0.03) and sorghum-NFE (54.87±0.02). SN gave the highest mineral compositions (mg/100g) of maize-P (155.20±0.02), maize-Ca (34.95±0.08); sorghum-Fe (11.35±0.13), sorghum-P (153.20±0.87), sorghum-Ca (30.00±0.30). NPK gave the best results of maize-Fe (8.00±0.26), maize-Mn (1.55±0.08), and sorghum-Mn (3.40±0.15). There was significant difference in plant heights, fresh weight, dry weight, digestibility, dry matter. The comparative effects of SMC and NPK showed that utilization of SMC, NPK and SN could serves as nutrient supplements for fodder hydroponics used as feed supplements for dairy animals.

Влияние хелатных микроудобрений на интенсивность набухания и прорастания семян зернового сорго

The results of three-year studies in 2020-2023 have shown the prospects of processing seeds of grain sorghum varieties with solutions of chelated micronutrients that contribute to the activation of physiological and biochemical processes at the initial stages of swelling and germination of grains. There was a tendency to increase the swelling of seeds during 2 days of the experiment on average in varieties under the action of chelated micronutrients: with the use of Reasil Forte Carb-Ca/Mg/B Amino up to 67.7%, and Reasil micro Amino Zn – up to 67.5%, which is higher than the control variant (66.3%). The most responsive varieties for the use of the studied micronutrients were the Bachelor varieties, the seed germination energy of which increased by 9.7%-15.4% compared to the control variant, the Garant variety – 9.2-15.0%, the RSK Cascade variety – 8.5-11.6%. A significant increase in the length of seedlings and roots of grain sorghum varieties was revealed as a result of soaking seeds in solutions of chelated micronutrients before the experiment. The individual reaction of each variety to the use of chelated micronutrients in seed treatment has also been determined. The varieties Bachelor, Assistant, Guarantor, RSC Cascade, RSC Locus, Pendant and Prince, when treating seeds with Reasil Forte Carb-Ca/Mg/B Amino, significantly increased the length of seedlings compared to the control variant - by 10.6–21.8%. The drug Reasil micro Amino Zn caused the formation of sorghum seedlings of greater length than in the control in the varieties Magister, Assistant, Garant and RSC Cascade, the excess of the control variant was 10.0-28.1%. The greatest positive response to the use of chelated micronutrients was distinguished by the Assistant variety, which, as a result of seed treatment with these preparations, revealed an increase in the length of primary seedlings and roots greater than the control variant by 20.5–28.1%, respectively. Keywords: GRAIN SORGHUM, VARIETY, CHELATED FERTILIZERS, SEED SWELLING, GERMINATION ENERGY, EVALUATION OF PRIMARY SPROUTS

Microbial succession and anthocyanin concentration during sorghum fermentation

Among the cereals, sorghum is notable for its high phytochemicals contents. The levels of these phytochemicals are, however, affected by processing methods, such as fermentation. This study evaluated the microbial succession and anthocyanins concentration during red sorghum grains fermentation. Sorghum grains were spontaneously fermented for five days in a solid-state, during which samples were collected daily for microbial and anthocyanins analyses. Isolation and identification of the bacterial isolates were conducted using standard methods, and anthocyanins concentration was determined using a spectrophotometer. Five different bacterial species, including Enterobacter sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pediococcus sp., Cronobacter sp., and Pantoea sp., were isolated and identified, during the five days of spontaneous fermentation. The anthocyanins level of the fermented grains peaked (0.45 mg/g) on the fifth day. The predominant microorganisms (Pantoea dispersa LMG 2603 and Cronobacter sakazakii NBRC 102,416) isolated on the fifth day were later used as starter cultures for the fermentation of a fresh batch of sorghum grains for another five days, during which the anthocyanins level increased to 0.82 mg/g on the fifth day. Molecular identification revealed that Pantoea dispersa LMG 2603 was capable of increasing anthocyanins content, suggesting that it can be used as a starter culture for the fermentation of sorghum to yield a higher anthocyanins content.

Sorghum oleoresins: Effect of extraction on compositional and structural characteristics

AbstractOleoresins are resin‐like viscous materials obtained from plants, oilseeds, or spices with functional properties. The objectives of this study were to obtain oleoresins from waxy burgundy sorghum grain, and to characterize the effects of extraction process and solvents on their composition and functional properties. Oleoresins were obtained by using the following solvents with and without ball milling: two types of novel ionic liquids (IL1: 1‐n‐Hexyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumchloride, IL2: 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumchloride), ethanol and dichloromethane. The effects of processing were evaluated for the extraction yield, protein, fat and total phenolic content, fatty acid composition, particle size and zeta potential, and FTIR spectra. The use of ILs and ball mill process significantly (p < 0.05) affected the extraction yield and physicochemical properties. The highest extraction yields increased (31.35% ± 0.58) when ball milling used with IL2 in comparison to the lowest (18.37% ± 0.77) obtained by traditional ethanol extraction. In a similar way, protein concentration and phenolic content were the highest (1.37% ± 0.05 and 0.57% ± 0.01, respectively) with ball milling extraction and IL1. The FTIR spectra indicated higher phospholipids (at 1200 cm−1) and protein‐phospholipid bonding (at 1700 cm−1) by ILs, and ball milling as compared to traditional extraction. Overall, wet milling‐assisted extraction by using a ball mill and ILs provided control over the composition of the oleoresins important for value‐added food applications and higher extraction efficiencies as compared to traditional techniques.

Validation of low dosages of γ-radiation and their effect on red beetle mortality, storability characteristics, and nutritional value of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grain

This research was undertaken to validate the low dosages of γ-radiation of sorghum to examine the efficiency of gamma irradiation doses in quality attributes and storability of sorghum grain. Infested sorghum grains with the red flour beetle at the adult stage were irradiated at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 kGy emitted by 60CO. Subsequently, the mortality rate of the red flour beetle as affected by gamma doses was estimated and the storability characteristics and nutritional value of sorghum grains were measured. Eventually, the Partial Least Squares regression (PLS) analysis was executed to confirm the optimum dose of gamma which eliminate the red flour beetle and enhanced the grain quality. Results provide that the storability characteristics were enhanced after treatments. However, the changes in the germination rate of the grains were not different significantly after radiation. On the other hand, the radiation process enhanced sorghum grins' nutritional quality. Both tannins and phytic acid content dropped significantly and the digestibility and solubility of protein were gradually incremented in the grains. The PLS results indicated that using 1 and 2 kGy reflect the utmost effective dosage for sorghum. It can be concluded that this method is a potent rapid and operative preservation process to the alternate smoking chemical procedure for improving sorghum’s nutritional and functional quality and prolong its shelf life. Possibility of providing effective and rapid quarantine security as an alternative to chemical fumigation protocol to extend shelf life and enhance the nutritional and functional quality of sorghum.

Influence of planting basins on selected soil quality parameters and sorghum yield along an agro-ecological gradient in South Eastern Zimbabwe

Planting basins are an important soil and water conservation technology. This study evaluated the effects of basins on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, aggregate stability (Ima), bulk density, soil moisture retention and sorghum yield in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V of Chipinge district. The experiment consisted of three treatments; namely planting basins (basins) with goat manure and inorganic fertilizer application, hand hoeing with similar fertility amendments (FP+) and hand hoeing without fertility amendments (FP). It was hypothesized that planting basins with fertility amendments would improve the selected soil quality parameters and sorghum yield. Only planting basins significantly (p˂0.05) improved soil quality parameters in the 0-15 cm depth and bulk density, Ima, SOC stocks ranged from 1356 to 1451 kg/m3; 314 to 450 and 14.18 to 25.55 Mg ha-1 respectively. Planting basins significantly increased (p<0.05) sorghum yield relative to hand-hoeing practices (FP+ and FP) with average grain yield of 2.68, 1.72 and 1.32 t ha-1 in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V, respectively. When compared to FP+ and FP, basins increased grain yield by >130% in all the 3 agro-ecological regions. The hypothesis was accepted and it was concluded that basins improve soil properties and sorghum grain yield in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V. Considering the soil and crop productivity benefits highlighted in this study, there is a strong justification for the widespread promotion and adoption of planting basins in semi-arid agro-ecological regions of Zimbabwe.

Solid-state fermentation of grain sorghum to produce Chinese liquor: Effect of grain properties and fermenting culture

This study evaluated seven U.S. sorghum varieties and nine yeast strains for solid-state fermentation (SSF) to produce Chinese liquor (Xiaoqu baijiu). Among the tested sorghum varieties, Red Waxy had higher single kernel weight, kernel diameter, lower tannin content, and achieved the highest average ethanol concentration (17.7%, v/v). Supplementation of very high gravity fermentation yeast strain HA18 was shown to increase the ethanol concentration consistently regardless of sorghum variety. Strong positive correlations were found between ethanol concentration and crude protein/crude fat contents of distillers dried grains (DDG). Linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids in sorghum DDG. The major flavor compounds in the fermentation products were ethyl lactate, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, phenylethanol, acetic acid, and 2,3-butanediol. The concentrations of these flavor compounds were significantly affected by sorghum grain properties and yeast strain, with more variations of phenylethanol, acetic acid, and 2,3-butanediol.

The Effect of Mutagenesis on the Production of Mycelia Growth of Auricularia Species in Nigeria

Auricularia species is a jelly-like edible mushroom belonging to the class Basidiomycete, Family Auriculariacea. It has many medicinal properties and is widely consumed in Nigeria. Not much research effort appears to have been conducted on its domestication and commercial production in Nigeria. This study evaluated the use of sawdust and rice bran as potential substrates for its cultivation. Two strains of Auricularia species were collected from the wild and identified as Auricularia polytricha and Auricularia subglabra by genetic DNA extraction. Pure cultures of the species were screened for strain improvement by mutagenesis using UV light and ethyl methyl sulfonate mutagens. Spawn of the wild species and the mutants were produced using sorghum grain. The produced spawn was used for the production of the mushroom fruit bodies using sawdust supplemented with rice bran. The biological efficiencies of both wild and mutant were 197% and 90% respectively. A combination of sawdust and rice bran supported the growth of both species of Auricularia. The Rate of spawn running during spawn production was also negatively affected by mutagenesis in mutants.

Bioconversion of rice straw by Lentinula edodes under different spawn formulations.

To attend to the growing world demand for mushrooms, it is interesting to increase the system's productivity, improve quality and reduce production costs. This study aimed to optimize the production and quality of fruiting bodies of the edible and medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes (shiitake), in agroresidues substrate using appropriate strain and spawn formulation. The evaluation was conducted using two strains under seven different spawn formulations (Control [C]: Sorghum grain + 2.5% CaCO3; (2) C + 2.5% sawdust; (T3) C + 5% sawdust; (T4) C + 2.5% peat; (T5) C + 5% peat; (T6) C + 1.25% sawdust + 1.25% peat; (T7) C + 2.5% sawdust + 2.5% peat) that were inoculated into the blocks at a proportion of 2% (w/w). The substrate was formulated with 63% rice straw, 20% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, and 2% CaCO3 and sterilized. The incubation period was 87days. Two flushes were obtained. Adding small aliquots of peat and sawdust to the inoculum gave significantly higher morphological results than the control in all variables analyzed. The days required for the first harvest ranged from 87 to 94days. The average weight of basidiomes ranged from 6.38 to 28.75g. The productivity data show superior results for the treatments in which the spawn was supplemented with sawdust and peat. Enhanced bioconversion with supplemented spawn shows promises for yield and composition improvement, crucial for commercial viability. It can be concluded that shiitake production using agroresidues such as straw can be increased using a suitable strain/spawn for optimal production.

In Silico Evaluation of Nutri-Pharmacological Potentials of Phytochemicals in Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor) Grains

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) ranks as the fifth most widely grown cereal globally, and its grain is gluten-free, containing about 26 phytochemicals which are mostly phenolics. The objective of this study was to predict pharmacokinetics of sorghum grain phytochemicals and some molecular targets that may impact good health in human. The methods used were in silico pharmacokinetic prediction, target prediction, target gene network analysis, docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillic acid were blood-brain barrier permeant, while p-coumaric acid and gallic acid have high gastrointestinal absorption. The results indicated that p-coumaric acid has 100% probability of target on aldose reductase and estrogen receptor, while gallic acid had 100% probability of target on alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 7. The docking analyses revealed that p-coumaric acid bind to aldose reductase with an affinity of -7.759 kcal.mol-1 while gallic acid bind to alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 7 with binding affinity of -5.512 kcal.mol-1. Overall, binding energy ΔGbind (Total) at 0 ns was slightly higher than that of 100 ns for p-coumaric acid - aldose reductase complex (-56.631 to -53.546 kcal.mol-1). This study provides valuable insights into the potential pharmacological actions of phytochemicals in sorghum grains.

Millet: The Food for Millennium

Millet is one of the cereal grains that belong to the grass family. It's widely consumed in developing countries and India. Millet is a rich source of nutrition. The food products and beverages made out of them have many health benefits. Different types of millets have their specialties. Sorghum grain is completely gluten-free and rich in iron, protein, and fiber. Finger millet is a source of natural calcium and iron. It helps cure anemia and improves bone health. Pearl millet consists of magnesium which helps in reducing respiratory problems. Millets are highly nutritious, non-glutinous, and non-acid-forming foods. Millets have many nutritional and health-promoting properties, especially the high fiber content. Millets hydrate our colon to keep us from being constipated. Niacin in millet can help to lower cholesterol. Millets contain major and minor nutrients in good amounts along with dietary fiber. They are rich in nutrition and dietary fiber. They serve as a good source of protein, micronutrients, and phytochemicals. The millets contain 7-12% protein, 2-5% fat, 65-75% carbohydrates, and 15-20% dietary fiber. The essential amino acid profile of the millet protein is better than various cereals such as maize. Millet contains fewer cross linked prolamins, which may be an additional factor contributing to the higher digestibility of the millet protein. Millets are more nutritious than fine cereals. Small millets are a good source of phosphorous and iron. Millet contributes to antioxidant activity with phytates, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, phytosterols, and pinacosanols present in having an important role in aging and metabolic diseases. All millets possess high antioxidant activity. There are several varieties of millets. Pearl millet (bajra), sorghum millet (jowar), buckwheat (kuttu), amaranth (rajgira), finger millet (nachni / ragi), foxtail millet (Kangana), little millet (samai), kodo millet (kodon), barnyard millet (Sanwa) and proso millet (chena) are some of the types. The nutritional value, availability, and huge production of the grain have dragged the special attention of stakeholders. This article deals with three major aspects that Millet as a substitute food against rice, the nutritional benefit of millet, and awareness of millet consumption in common people.

Effects of gibberellic acid, kinetin and indole butyric acid mixture on sorghum salinity tolerance and grain yield in saline-alkali coastal zone.

The development and utilization of coastal saline-alkali lands hold significant importance in mitigating the shortage of cultivated land resources in China, enhancing the agro-ecological environment in coastal saline and alkaline areas, and ensuring national food security. We set up both pot and field trials (randomized block design) at Xinxiang experimental station of Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS) and Dongying Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Research Base in Shandong Province in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The experimental materials, Jiliang 1 and Jiliang 2, underwent seed dressing with GKI composites at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mL·kg-1. These composites, which contained the main components of gibberellin, kinetin, and indole butyric acid, were denoted as GKI2.5 and GKI5.0, respectively. The control plots (CK) received water seed dressing. The aim was to assess the regulatory effects of GKI on salt tolerance and grain sorghum yield. Compared to CK, the GKI2.5 and GKI5.0 seed dressing treatments significantly enhanced the growth and development of the two grain sorghum varieties, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content of sorghum leaves, while reducing leaf malondialdehyde content. Moreover, the GKI treatments increased leaf net photosynthetic rate. Under field conditions, yields of Jiliang 1 and Jiliang 2 were enhanced by an average of 17.1% and 19.1%, respectively. In conclusion, GKI seed dressing treatment effectively promoted the growth and development of sorghum under salt stress. It enhanced the antioxidant and osmoregulatory capacities of leaves, reduced the level of membrane lipid peroxidation, and improved net photosynthetic rate of leaves, which together improved the salt tolerance and sorghum yield.

Performance of a Handheld MicroNIR Instrument for Determining Protein Levels in Sorghum Grain Samples.

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is widely used for evaluating quality traits of cereal grains. For evaluating protein content of intact sorghum grains, parallel NIR calibrations were developed using an established benchtop instrumentation (Perten DA-7250) as a baseline to test the efficacy of an adaptive handheld instrument (VIAVI MicroNIR OnSite-W). Spectra were collected from 59 grain samples using both instruments at the same time. Cross-validated calibration models were validated with 33 test samples. The selected calibration model for DA-7250 with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.98 and a root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) = 0.41% predicted the protein content of a test set with R2 = 0.94, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.52% with a ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of 4.13. The selected model for the MicroNIR with R2 = 0.95 and RMSECV = 0.62% predicted the protein content of the test set with R2 = 0.87, RMSEP = 0.76% with an RPD of 2.74. In comparison, the performance of the DA-7250 was better than the MicroNIR, however, the performance of the MicroNIR was also acceptable for screening intact sorghum grain protein levels. Therefore, the MicroNIR instrument may be used as a potential tool for screening sorghum samples where benchtop instruments are not appropriate such as for screening samples in the field or as a less expensive option compared with benchtop instruments.

Потенциал сорго зернового в качестве компонента комбикормов для цыплят бройлеров

The search for solutions to reduce the cost of feed while maintaining nutritional value has been an urgent task for many years. On the basis of the FSBI RosNIISK "Rossorgo", studies are being conducted to assess the possibility of replacing traditional cereal crops with alternative ones in compound feeds. We have developed experimental formulations of compound feeds for broiler chickens, with the inclusion of grain sorghum, an assessment of the nutritional value of the feed and the fractional composition of protein. The peculiarities of the biochemical composition in compound feeds depending on the botanical composition are revealed. It was determined that the most optimal combination of all nutritional characteristics, as well as high quality indicators of crude protein, were found in experimental compound feeds, which contain 35% of grain sorghum. Keywords: FEED PRODUCTION, COMPOUND FEED, GRAIN SORGHUM, CRUDE PROTEIN, FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF PROTEIN, LATHYRUS SATIVUS L.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) growth and development features under the influence of growth regulator

There has been a growing interest in growing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moenh) as a bioenergy crop, as it can be used to produce biofuels (ethyl alcohol) and solid fuels (pellets and briquettes from the above-ground mass). Sorghum grain is characterised by a high starch content of up to 80%. The research topic is relevant but poorly understood. The research aims to study the effect of growth regulators on the growth and development of sorghum in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The following research methods were used: field, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical. The study presents the results of research for 2016-2019, where the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the peculiarities of the formation of biometric parameters was studied. plant growth regulator had an impact on field germination, vegetation period, biometric indicators of plant growth, and leaf area. The closeness of the correlations of the studied indicators was established, and a correlation-regression analysis of the data was carried out, which showed a strong correlation between the growing season and plant height, where the coefficient was R=0.9264, and the coefficient of determination R2 =0.9864. There was also a strong relationship between stem diameter and plant height, where the correlation coefficient was R=0.9767 and the coefficient of determination was R2 =0.954. The conducted studies confirm the feasibility of using a growth regulator that improves plant development and will contribute to increasing the yield and quality of grain and biomass of sorghum. The obtained results of the research give grounds to believe that growth regulators contribute to the production of environmentally friendly products and are components of environmentally friendly and energysaving cultivation technology

Изучение эффективности применения органических удобрений на кормовых культурах

As a result of two-year studies, a significant effect of granulated organic fertilizer "Greenex" on morphometric indicators and productivity of biomass and seeds of the studied crops was found. The use of fertilizer at a dose of 200 kg / ha proved to be the most effective. So, the pre-sowing application of this dose of fertilizer provided a reliable excess of indicators relative to the control on all variants of the experiment. To improve growth processes, the maximum effect was found in soybeans and grain sorghum. It was revealed that the increase in yield when using fertilizer compared to the non-fertilized control was 12.99-29.33% for crops. Keywords: ORGANIC FERTILIZERS, YIELD, SOYBEANS, GRAIN SORGHUM, SUDAN GRASS, PHACELIA, PAIZA