Soret Parameter Research Articles

Soret-Dufour Effects on Heat and Mass Transfer of Newtonian Fluid Flow over the Inclined Sheet and Magnetic Field

Newtonian fluid is ideal for lubrication purposes because the viscosity of this fluid remains as a function of the shear. Besides, the heat and mass transfer are an important study area in fluid dynamics due to its vast applications in industrial processes. The heat-mass transfer can be defined as the Soret and Dufour effect, which implemented in many industrial applications such as in chemical engineering and geosciences field. In addition, the fluid flow over an extending/compressing sheet has significant industrial applications such as the cooling of continuous strips, glass fibre production, the extrusion of plastic sheets from a die, etc. As a response, this study aims to investigate the impacts of Soret and Dufour parameters on the Newtonian fluid flow over an inclined stretching/shrinking sheet. The methodology of this mathematical model are stated as follow: 1) the transformation of partial differential equations (PDEs) to the ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and 2) The ODEs are solved using bvp4c solver in MATLAB software. The bvp4c solver is a MATLAB program directory that solves general form and multi-point boundary layer problems. The main sections of bvp4c are: 1) The solution of the ODEs, 2) The related boundary conditions that can produce the expected results, and 3) An initial guess to run the bvp4c solver. As a result, the numerical and graphical results show that the Soret effect increases the concentration profile whereas decreases the temperature profile. The vice versa occurrence is true for Dufour effect. The convective mass transfer caused by a temperature gradient is known as thermal-diffusion (Soret) effect. The convective heat transfer produced by concentration differences is known as diffusion-thermo (Dufour) effect. However, since the process of heat and mass transfers are related to each other, the Soret and Dufour effects are able to influence both of this process simultaneously. In conclusion, the convective heat transfer is enhanced by increasing Soret and Dufour number while the convective mass transfer is declined by increasing the two numbers.

Influence of shape factor on a chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow via a moving plate when Soret and Dufour effects are significant: An irreversibility analysis with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model

Nanofluids, which are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, have gained significant attention in the field of fluid dynamics due to their unique properties and potential applications. Researchers are exploring the use of nanofluids in areas such as energy storage, solar energy conversion, biomedical devices, and advanced manufacturing processes. Nanofluids offer opportunities to improve existing fluid-based technologies and enable the development of novel systems with enhanced performance. The influence of shape factor, Soret, Dufour and quadratic thermal radiation parameters on a hybrid nanofluid (Water + Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes () + Copper (II) oxide ()) flow over a flat plate with chemical reaction is analyzed in this article. The process of heat transfer is analyzed using the heat flux model developed by Cattaneo and Christov. This article also includes an analysis of irreversibility. Governing equations of this study are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity transformations, and this system is solved by means of the bvp4c solver. Outcomes are provided for three instances related to shape factor i.e. Platelet, Cylinder and Brick. Influence of some important parameters (including Dufour number) on skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number were discussed using bar diagrams. It is clear from a closer inspection that as skin friction coefficient declines with the escalation in magnetic field parameter () and volume fraction of nanoparticles (). At the skin friction coefficient is seen to drop at a rate of 0.38663 (Platelet shape), 0.40361 (Cylinder shape) and 0.42987 (Brick shape). It is detected that Dufour number () and thermal relaxation parameter () both have different effects on the Nusselt number. It is discovered that, when the Nusselt number declines by 0.28159 (in case of Platelet), 0.27528 (in case of Cylinder), and 0.26552 (in case of Brick).

Effects of chemical reaction, Soret and Dufour parameters on MHD dissipative Williamson nanofluid flow over a slippery stretching sheet through a porous medium

ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to determine the effects of Soret, Dufour, and chemical reaction parameters on 2-D MHD Williamson nanofluid flow over a slippery-stretching sheet immersed in a porous medium. Under the influence of both magnetic field and thermal radiation, the significance of viscous dissipation and velocity slip boundary condition with heat generation have been explored. Similarity components were used to turn the nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) into nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), and they were solved using the fourth-order approach of the Runge–Kutta (R–K) method along with the shooting technique. The numerical computations were subsequently illustrated visually to demonstrate the influence of various physical factors on the plots of temperature, velocity, and concentration of the nanofluid. With the use of comparison with previously published data in a restricted sense, the veracity of computation results is evaluated. The tabular values illuminate that the local skin friction coefficient upsurge as the values of the magnetic parameter, porosity parameter, and Brownian motion parameter intensifies, whereas the opposite trend exists for other parameters. The local Nusselt number grows as the Schmidt number rises whereas the reverse trend was experienced for the freed-up parameters.

Study the Soret effects on Bioconvective induced magneto-hydrodynamics flow in presence of multiple slip and thermal radiation

The study deals with the bio-convective induced magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) flow of non-Newtonian fluids with the simultaneous effect of multiple slips, heat source/sink, and linear thermal radiation, along with the Soret effect. The novelty of the present study is to analyze the impact of linear thermal radiation, bio-convection Lewis number and Soret parameter on velocity, induced magnetic field, and concentration. For this the flow for Maxwell and Casson fluids were considered and discussed separately, whereas a single governing momentum conservation equation was constructed by combining these two flow models. The governing equations were transformed by using similarity transformation. The transformed equation was solved by using MATLAB “BVP4C” solver. The transformation contributed various parameters such as the Soret parameter, Bioconvective Lewis number, Peclet Number, Radiation parameter, and Schmidt number. The effect of such parameters on momentum, induced magnetic field (i.m.f), temperature, and concentration were studied. The results depicted that the rise in the value of Nr, the temperature of the fluid were increased. However, the concentration of the microorganism declined with the rising value of chemical reaction parameter in both the Maxwell and Casson fluid. The observation also revealed that the velocity optimizes with the rising value of Sr, due to the hike in the concentration of the fluid.

Double Diffusive Convective Flow Study of a Hybrid Nanofluid in an Inverted T-Shaped Porous Enclosure Under the Influence of Soret and Dufour Prameters

Abstract This study presents a numerical investigation to examine the influence of Soret and Dufour parameters on the double-diffusive convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid within an inverted T-shaped porous enclosure. The thermophysical properties and numerical values of the hybrid nanofluid are adopted from experimentally published data. The mathematical model is formulated based on the generalized Darcy–Brinkmann–Forchheimer equation and subsequently simulated using the penalty finite element method. A parametric study is conducted, encompassing a wide range of parameters for Rayleigh number, Darcy number, porosity value, buoyancy ratio, Lewis number, Soret parameter, and Dufour parameter. The resulting flow patterns, temperature distribution (isotherms), and concentration distribution (isoconcentration plots) provide insights into the fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer phenomena within the physical domain. Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer rates at the heated (concentrated) wall are quantitatively evaluated by the mean Nusselt number and mean Sherwood number, respectively, considering various combinations of flow parameters. As a key finding, it is observed that the smaller value of the Rayleigh number remains insignificant at convective flow of thermal and solute phenomena. Moreover, the higher value of Ra reinforces the convective strength of hybrid nanofluid, and it helps to identify the real impact of each parameter. Thus, at a higher Rayleigh number, it is observed that the increasing value of Darcy number, porosity value, Lewis number, and buoyancy ratio significantly influence the convective flow of heat and solute transport activity, whereas the impact of Soret and Dufour parameters shows a relatively less influence on the heat and mass transfer phenomena.

Intelligent computing for the double-diffusive peristaltic rheology of magneto couple stress nanomaterials

Abstract In nanofluids, the effect of convection in the presence of double diffusivity on a magneto couple stress fluid with the peristaltic flow of a model in a non-uniform channel (MCSFM) is reviewed in this article. This research discusses MCSF in a non-uniform channel by applying the Levenberg–Marquardt procedure via an artificial backpropagated neural network (LMP-ABNN). For two-dimensional and two-directional flows, mathematical formulations of double-diffusivity convection of a magneto couple stress fluid in nanofluids are developed. The partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using appropriate transformations. The assessment of the Hartmann number, thermophoresis parameter, Dufour parameter, Soret parameter, and magnetic Reynolds number over concentration profiles and temperature profiles is made by generating a dataset for LMP-ABNN based on the ND solve method for different variations of MSCFM. To examine the approximate solution validation, training and testing procedures are interpreted, and the performance is verified through error histogram and mean square error results. The extremely nonlinear equations are reduced by employing a long-wavelength approximation and a low but finite Reynolds number. To describe the behavior of flow quantities, graphical representations of a variety of physical characteristics of importance are shown. The impact of the Hartmann number and magnetic Reynolds number over axial magnetic field and current density is also studied. The concentration increases as the thermophoresis parameter and Dufour parameter values increase. This occurs because the concentration and both these parameters have a direct relationship. We observed opposite behavior for both the magnetic Reynolds number and the Hartman number. The behavior of current density J z increases with increasing values of R m. Both the temperature distribution and solute concentration increase. The final outcome of this study is to provide the potential for these techniques to provide new insights and solutions to challenging problems in nanofluids and other areas of fluid mechanics and to facilitate the design of more efficient and effective microfluidic devices.

Influence of variable viscosity and gravity fluctuation on double diffusive convection in a fluid layer with boundary slab of finite conductivity

The linear stability analysis is carried out for the onset of double-diffusive convection in a fluid layer with a boundary slab along with temperature-dependent viscosity and gravity fluctuation. The authors proposed three types of gravity fluctuation. We considered three cases of gravity field fluctuation: (a) linear and (b)parabolic and (c) cubic. An analytical solution for the subsequent problem is acquired through the perturbation technique. The findings demonstrate that the viscosity variation parameter, the thermal conductivity ratio, the gravity parameter, the depth ratio, and the soret parameter accelerate the start of convection, while the increasing Lewis number slow down the convective motion. Additionally, the system was found to be more stable for the linear type of gravity field fluctuation and more unstable for the cubic type of gravity field fluctuation.

Peristaltic transport of MHD Ree–Eyring fluid through a flexible channel under the influence of activation energy

Peristalsis of Ree–Eyring non-Newtonian fluid is significant to investigate the rheological features of biological fluids such as blood, saliva, intravascular fluids, intracellular fluids, and interstitial fluids. As a consequence of this development, the present article explores the cross-diffusive magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic transport of a Ree–Eyring fluid conveying tiny particles through a flexible porous channel under the influence of activation energy. A lubrication approach is adopted to reduce the complexity of the system. The analytical solution is achieved for the velocity field. In addition, the Runge–Kutta-based shooting technique is employed to solve the temperature and fluid concentration equations. Dual solutions are executed for the Newtonian and Ree–Eyring fluid cases and discussed through tabular and graphical findings for several sets of pertinent parameters. In this investigation, it is perceived that an enhancement in the Darcy number optimizes the velocity field. The fluid temperature rises with elevated values of the Brinkman and Dufour numbers whereas the reverse trend is noticed in the fluid concentration field for Soret and activation energy parameters. Moreover, the obtained outcomes are applicable to a variety of fields in the medical sciences and engineering, such as the radiosurgery, the spectroscopy, the optoelectronics, the power conversion devices, and the nuclear reactor cooling.

Impact of double diffusivity on the hyperbolic tangent model conveying nano fluid flow over the wedge

The significant thing in our analysis is to inspect the double-diffusivity convection for the hyperbolic tangent nanofluid model, under the spotlight effects of activation energy and viscosity over the wedge-shaped geometry. Activation energy enunciates chemical reaction and also Buongiorno model is applied to highlight the important features of the thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion coefficient. The convection of double diffusivity is illustrated through Soret and Dufour parameter. The mathematical modeling of demarcated flow produces a collection of non-linear partial differential equations, which are consequently transmuted into ordinary differential equations using suitable transformation. The graphical results for these ordinary differential equations are created using the Bvp4c approach. The effect of pertinent parameters on fluid flow, thermal variation, concentration and double diffusivity profiles are examined. The velocity field generally behaves as the decreasing function of thermal and nanofluid Grashof number but surges along the Solutal Grashof number. The Brownian diffusion coefficient surges the temperature profile and minors the concentration and double-diffusivity. Soret diffusivity surges the concentration distribution when fluid crosses the edge of the wedge. The nanofluid Lewis number particularly slows down the double-diffusivity profile. The graphical sketches of local skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, isothermal contour and streamlines flow elaborated our analyses more precisely.

Double-diffusive natural convection with Soret/Dufour effects and energy optimization of Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Material in a novel form of a wavy-walled I-shaped domain

BackgroundAs building segment grows in parallel with amplifying population, the necessity for consumption of energy needed to passive and active heating or cooling buildings for thermal comfort increases. Schemes such as developing green buildings for sustainable architecture were utilized to address this issue. The utilization of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) with the aim of active and passive cooling or heating of buildings illustrates a promising and modern technique. MethodsThis study's objective is to perform a numerical analysis using the finite element method, FEM for modeling free convection produced by double-diffusion (DDNC) with Soret/Dufour effects of Nano-Encapsulated PCMs within an I-shaped enclosure equipped with a novel type of corrugated vertical walls subjected to Neumann thermal and solutal conditions. FindingsResults are interpreted and assessed in relation to the governing factors, such as buoyancy ratio (N), Rayleigh and Lewis numbers (Ra, Le), the height of corrugated walls (a), Stefan number (Ste), non-dimensional fusion temperature (θf), Dufour (Df), and Soret (Sr) parameters. High values of N and Ra, and low values of Le and a, caused in the highest rate of heat and mass exchange. The irreversibilities due to the heat and mass transfer effects increase as the flow intensity within the system decrease. Decreasing the latent heat of the NEPCM cores and increasing their fusion temperature lowering the heat transfer rates, while improving mass transfer rates. This configuration can help in the design of the storage tank in hydronic apparatus for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water in buildings.

Chemical reaction effects on magnetohydrodynamic convective flow past a vertical absorbent plate with ramped wall temperature and concentration

AbstractThe numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the heat generating as well as Soret–Dufour influences on magnetohydrodynamic unsteady chemically reacting fluid. It is owing to an exponentially stimulating perpendicular porous plate entrenched in the absorbent medium by considering ramped surface temperatures and concentrations in the endurance of thermal radiating. The fundamental governing set of equations of the fluid dynamics in the flow is converted into dimensionless form by inserting suitable dimensionless parameters and variables, and the resulting equations are numerically solved by the efficient Crank–Nicolson implicit finite difference method. The influence of several important substantial parameters into the model on the velocity, temperature, and concentration of the fluid, in addition to the skin‐frictions coefficient, Nusselt's number along with Sherwood's number for both thermal conditions has been studied and explored intensely by making use of graphs and tables. It is discovered that, with mounting values of Dufour, heat generating as well as thermal radiating parameters, the fluid temperatures, and velocity enhanced. Likewise, it is noticed that increasing the Soret parameter causes escalated fluid velocity and concentration, whereas the reverse result is noted with the chemical reaction parameter.

Study of Heat and Mass Transfer of an Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Nanofluid Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate in the Presence of Chemical Reaction, Radiation and Soret Effects

This paper investigates the heat and mass transfer of an unsteady, MHD incompressible water-based nanofluid (Cu and TiO2) flow over a stretching sheet in a transverse magnetic field with thermal radiation Soret effects. The governing differential equations are transformed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations and solved using a regular perturbation technique with appropriate boundary conditions for various physical parameters. The effects of different physical parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are depicted graphically and analyzed in detail. Favourable comparisons with previously published work on various exceptional cases of the problem are obtained. Finally, numerical values of the physical quantities, such as the local skin-friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number, are presented in tabular form. Results describe that the velocity and temperature diminish with enhancing the thermal radiation. Concentration decreases with improving the chemical reaction. Both velocity and concentration are enhanced with increases of soret parameter. And also, water–based TiO2 nanofluids possess higher velocity than water-based Cu nanofluids.

Numerical investigation on regulation and suppression of heat and mass transfer by varying thermal and solutal buoyancy force

In this study, a three-dimensional numerical analysis is presented for regulation and suppression of heat and mass transfer by varying thermal and solutal buoyancy force with a rotating cylinder placed at the center of the cavity. The energy and concentration equations are coupled by Dufour and Soret parameters to have a mutual effect of concentration and temperature on heat and mass transfer. The thermal buoyancy in the flow is adjusted by varying Rayleigh number of Ra = 104, 105, 106 and the mixed convection in the flow is regulated by varying Richardson number of Ri = 0.5, 1, 1.5 at unity buoyancy ratio (N = 1), Soret number, Lewis number and Dufour number. The present heat and mass transfer solver is developed and validated using the open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package OpenFOAM 5.0. The two vertical opposite sides of the cavity are maintained as isothermal and isosolutal (iso-concentration), and the remaining four surfaces with rotating cylinder are kept as adiabatic. The present analysis reveals the impact of the mutual coupling of heat and mass transfer with the presence of thermal buoyancy, solutal buoyancy including mixed convection flow. The increase in the forced circulation at fixed thermal and solutal buoyancy force increases the heat and mass transfer. The variation of Nu avg and Sh avg is observed to be steady even with increasing Ra, then changes to periodic and chaotic with the implementation of a rotating cylinder. The detailed analysis on the variation of thermal buoyancy at unity buoyancy ratio, forced convection is reported by plotting streamlines, temperature and concentration contours, average Nusselt and Sherwood number.

Combined effects of thermo-diffusion, diffusion-thermo and internal heat generation on the stabilization/destabilization of the flow in a cavity differentially heated and salted

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of double-diffusive convection in a rectangular cavity differentially heated and salted are conducted in the presence of internal heat generation and Dufour and Soret effects. The study is performed for an aspect ratio an external Rayleigh number a Lewis number a buoyancy ratio and a Prandtl number The study focuses mainly on the effect of Dufour number ( and 0.5) to measure its impact on the ranges of steady/unsteady solutions reported in a previous study for the Soret parameter ranging from −0.5 to 0.5 and internal to external Rayleigh numbers ratio ranging from 0 to 80. Compared to the results obtained show that the presence of Dufour mechanism with a positive value leads to a destabilizing effect by widening the ranges of instability observed for the considered values of The combinations ( ) the most stabilizing/destabilizing are identified and discussed in this study.

Mathematical simulation of double diffusion convection on peristaltic pumping of Ellis nanofluid due to induced magnetic field in a non-uniform channel: Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical engineering

The present research explores the wave of peristalsis on magneto Ellis nanofluids within non-uniform channel by using Dufour and Soret parameters. The mathematical representation of the magneto Ellis nanofluids having double diffusion convection under magnetic flux is presented in detail. The nonlinear partial differential equations are simplified by applying long wavelength and lesser Reynolds number. The resultant differential equations are further simplified numerically, and exact solutions of concentration, temperature, and nanoparticle fraction are computed. Further, the significance of numerous material constraints of flow quantities is depicted through graphs. It is revealed that the huge value of Brownian motion and Soret number decreases the concentration of nanosolid particle. Solid nanoparticles in a nanofluid during micro-mixing procedure collide randomly hence transferring the molecular energy into thermal energy that triggers the rise in temperature.

Onset of triple diffusive thermosolutal convection in a composite system

AbstractIn a composite system possessing rigid‐rigid boundaries, the significance of thermal diffusion on the onset of triple diffusive convection is analyzed. The Darcy–Brinkman–Rayleigh–Benard model is employed to model the porous media. The regular perturbation methodology has been used to solve the governing equations of the composite system with the Boussinesq approximation. The critical thermal Rayleigh number, which determines the stability of the system, is estimated analytically. A graphical assessment of the impact of multiple physical attributes on the stability of the system is made. It is observed that the Soret parameters and solute Rayleigh numbers have a stabilizing effect, whereas the Darcy number exhibits a destabilizing effect upon the onset of triple diffusive convection in the composite system.

Onset of double diffusive surface-tension driven convection in fluid layer overlying a layer of anisotropic porous layer with soret effect

The onset of double-diffusive surface tension-driven convective motion in a fluid layer overlying a fluid-saturated anisotropic porous layer is investigated analytically in the presence of the soret effect. We considered boundaries to be insulating to temperature perturbations. The governing equation that satisfies the composite system is analyzed by the normal mode approach and solved by the regular perturbation technique for linear stability. By solving coupled equations, a mathematical expression for the critical Marangoni number is obtained. Under the effect of the anisotropy, soret parameters and the impact of various physical parameters on the start of convective motion is illustrated graphically, and the stability system is investigated.

Nonlinear Radiative Nanofluidic Hydrothermal Unsteady Bidirectional Transport with Thermal/Mass Convection Aspects

The collective effect of thermal and mass convection along with the significance of thermal radiation, heat source/sink, and magneto-nanofluid are considered. A bi-directional stretching device is used to generate the symmetry of the flowing structure. Nonlinear behavior of thermal radiation is considered here. The magnetic field is considered non-uniform and vertically upward. Significances of pedesis motion and Ludwig–Soret are also revealed in an innovative way with heat source/sink effects. The concept of symmetry is used to transmute the transport equations from PDE type to nonlinear ODE type. We solved the transformed setup numerically by adopting Keller-box method criteria with the targeted accuracy rate. Graphical interpretations are explored with code verification. It is important to conclude that friction coefficients decline for incremental values of stretching parameter (0.1≤α≤0.9), magnetic field (0.3≤M≤0.9), and unsteady parameter (0.2≤Λ≤0.9) along with the bidirectional velocity components, and the rate of heat transmission rises with temperature ratio (1.3≤Γ≤1.7) and temperature Biot number (0.3≤BiT≤0.9) amplification. Moreso, the rate of mass transfer is enhanced with growing values of pedesis motion (0.2≤Nb≤0.6), unsteady parameter and concentration Biot number (0.3≤BiC≤0.9) with opposite effect when the Ludwig–Soret parameter (0.3≤Nt≤0.6) is boosted.

Dynamics of lorentz force and cross-diffusion effects on ethylene glycol based hybrid nanofluid flow amidst two parallel plates with variable electrical conductivity: A multiple linear regression analysis

This research investigates how the presence of Dufour and Soret parameters affect the properties of hybrid nanofluid flow amidst two parallel plates with temperature dependent electrical conductivity. Heat transport procedure is studied using thermal radiation parameter and Eckert number. Equations that characterize the current problem are turned into a set of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved with the assistance of a built-in function in MATLAB called the bvp4c solver. Multiple linear regression is used to explain physical parameters of interest including Sherwood number. The main conclusions of this study are that the velocity decreases with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction parameter and the concentration profile minifies with the rise in Soret parameter. It is observed that the increase in Dufour number causes a corresponding increase in the fluid temperature. It is discovered that, when the magnetic field parameter (M) is set to 0≤M≤2.5, the decreasing rate in the skin friction parameter is 0.02215. It is observed that, when φ1 is set to 0≤φ1≤0.25, Nusselt number drops by 3.82891. It is detected that, when Sr is set to 0≤Sr≤2.5, Sherwood number increases at a rate of 0.037225.

MHD flow in a rotating vertical cone through a porous medium

AbstractIn the context of advancements in both heat and mass transfer, the current study intends to analyze the impacts of thermal radiation, Soret, and Dufour on the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow through a vertical spinning cone in porous media. The Dufour effect is the energy flux due to the mass concentration gradient with a reciprocal phenomenon, the Soret effect. Energy expression considers the physical aspects of heat generation and absorption. It is expected that the tangential, circumferential, and normal directions will all have velocity components in flow through a porous media. The governing equations are nonlinear partial differential equations that are rearranged into ordinary differential equations via similarity transformation, and then they are numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta method along with a proper shooting strategy. Graphs are used to examine the impacts of many parameters on flow characteristic velocity, temperature, and concentration, including magnetic parameters, porous parameters, Dufour and Soret parameters, chemical reaction parameters, and more. The numerical findings of the gradient of velocity, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, and the surface drag force are tabulated and compared with the current result and the one from the literature. The findings are found to be in good agreement. Circumferential and normal velocities are improved visually for greater values of the porosity parameter, but the tangential velocity behavior of the magnetic parameter exhibits the reverse behavior. In addition, the Dufour parameter and chemical reaction both exhibit diminishing behavior when the Soret parameter increases.