This review presents the state of the art concerning the strategies of solid-phase extraction of glyphosate and some of its metabolites in the analysis of environmental (water and soil), plant, and food samples. Glyphosate is the most used broad-spectrum herbicide around the world. As a consequence of this intense use, worries have arisen because of controversial questions regarding the risks glyphosate may pose to human health through dietary exposure, as well as to the equilibrium of ecosystems. Answers to these questions depend on efficient and reliable analytical methodologies that are applicable to monitoring programs. As a result of the complexity of sample matrices (especially soil and vegetable extracts) or the low concentrations of target analytes in natural water samples, solid-phase extraction has been used for either cleaning the extracts or enrichment of the analyte from highly diluted samples. The first part of this review introduces the current issues and controversies surrounding glyphosate, followed by systematic approaches used for its solid-phase extraction. Underivatized glyphosate can be extracted by strong anion exchange, immobilized metal affinity, and sorbents affording molecular recognition properties such as those of immunosorbents and molecular imprinted polymers. The use of new sorbents based on nanostructured materials for extraction of underivatized glyphosate is also addressed. Another approach describes the derivatization of glyphosate with 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloroformate which enables the retention of the product on hydrophobic sorbent phases, again aiming either at cleanup or analyte enrichment. Extraction strategies and the figures of merit of methods used in relevant applications are summarized in tables.