Nanostructured Magnetic Sorbents for Selective Recovery of Uranium(VI) from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Direct sol-gel, novel template, and additional high-temperature reduction procedures for preparing iron oxides and their composites, showing promise for selective sorption of dissolved U(VI) from aqueous media of various acidities, are described. The sorption activity of the materials was studied, the kinetic curves of the sorption were obtained, and the efficiency of the selective recovery of U(VI) from aqueous solutions with different pH values using the new sorbents was compared. The probable mechanism of the U(VI) sorption onto the sorbents studied was suggested on the basis of SEM, XPS, emf, and BET data. The quantitative sorption of U(VI) is determined to a greater extent by the composition of the sorbent solid phase, rather then by the specific surface area of the sorbents, which ranges from 0.1 to 47.3 m2 g−1 depending on the synthesis procedure. The crystalline Fe0 phase in the sorbents prepared using additional high-temperature reduction plays the key role in the U(VI) sorption by the reducing deposition mechanism. The saturation magnetization for this type of sorbents can reach 133–140 emu g−1, which is an additional advantage allowing magnetic separation of the spent sorbents from the treated solutions.