Sonic Vibration Research Articles

Sonic vibration ameliorates inflammatory diseases via the up-regulation of IL-10

ABSTRACT Sonic vibration (SV), or vibroacoustic therapy, is applied to enhance local and systemic blood circulation and alleviate pain using low-frequency sine wave vibrations. However, there is limited scientific data on the mechanisms through which the benefits are achieved. In this study, we investigated the impact of SV on inflammatory responses by assessing cytokine secretion in both in vivo and in vitro models. After inducing inflammatory responses in mice and macrophages, we studied cytokine expression and the symptoms of inflammatory diseases in response to three frequencies (14, 45, or 90 Hz) of SV stimulation at 0.5 m/s2 of amplitude. The results showed that SV at 90 Hz significantly increased interelukin-10 (IL-10) secretion in mice who were administered lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and increased the expression of IL-10 transcripts in peritoneal exudate cells and macrophages. Furthermore, SV at 90 Hz improved LPS-induced lethality and alleviated symptoms in a colitis model. In conclusion, this study scientifically proves the anti-inflammatory effects of vibration therapy through its ability to increase IL-10 expression.

A COMBINED ACTIVE (PIEZOS) AND PASSIVE (MICROSTRUCTURING) PARTIAL FLOW-BOILING APPROACH FOR STABLE HIGH HEAT-FLUX COOLING WITH DIELECTRIC FLUIDS

Controlled but explosive growth in vaporization rates is made feasible by ultrasonic acoustothermal heating of the microlayers associated with microscale nucleating bubbles within the microstructured boiling surface/region of a millimeter-scale heat exchanger (HX). The HX is 5 cm long and has a 1 cm × 5 mm rectangular cross section that uses saturated partial flow-boiling operations of HFE-7000. Experiments use layers of woven copper mesh to form a microstructured boiling surface/region and its nano/microscale amplitude ultrasonic (~1-6 MHz) and sonic (< 2 kHz, typically) vibrations induced by a pair of very thin ultrasonic piezoelectric-transducers (termed piezos) that are placed and actuated from outside the heat-sink. The ultrasonic frequencies are for substructural microvibrations whereas the lower sonic frequencies are for suitable resonant structural microvibrations that assist in bubble removal and liquid filling processes. The flow and the piezos' actuation control allow an approximately 5-fold increase in heat transfer coefficient value, going from about 9000 W/m<sup>2</sup>-°C associated with microstructured no-piezos cases to 50,000 W/ m<sup>2</sup>-°C at a representative heat flux of about 25 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. The partial boiling approach is enabled by one inlet and two exit ports. Further, significant increases to current critical heat flux values (~70 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) are possible and are being reported elsewhere. The electrical energy consumed (in W) for generating nano/micrometer amplitude vibrations is a small percentage (currently < 3%, eventually < 1% by design) of the total heat removed (in W), which is a heat removal rate of 125 W for the case reported here.

Safety and Clinical Evaluation of a Sonic Tongue Brush

BackgroundTongue coating consists of oral bacteria, desquamated epithelium, blood cells, and food residues and is involved in periodontal disease, halitosis, and aspiration pneumonia. Recently, a tongue brush with sonic vibration was developed to clean the tongue. This comparative study examined the extent of tongue coating, its effects on the tongue, bacterial count particularly on the posterior dorsum of the tongue, and the degree of pain using a manual tongue brush and the newly developed sonic tongue brush. Materials and methodsPatients’ extent of tongue coating and the quantity of bacteria were analysed before and after brushing with a sonic or manual nylon tongue brush. Moreover, the impressions of the dorsum linguae were obtained before and after brushing to establish models that were observed under a stereo microscope to evaluate tongue trauma. Pain caused during the use of these brushes was evaluated based on the numerical rating scale (NRS). ResultsThe extent of tongue coating and number of bacteria decreased in both the sonic and manual nylon brush groups after tongue cleaning; however, no significant differences were noted. Tongue trauma evaluation revealed that the tongue surface was significantly scratched in the manual brush group compared with the sonic brush group. NRS-based pain evaluation revealed no significant differences. ConclusionsThe sonic brush was equally effective in removing tongue coating and bacteria compared with the manual brush. As the sonic brush does not cause tongue trauma, it may be considered a safe and effective cleaning tool of the tongue.

A laboratory pilot study on voids in flowable bulk-fill composite restorations in bovine Class-II and endodontic access cavities after sonic vibration

This pilot study investigated whether sonic-powered application of a bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) in Class-II or endodontic access cavities reduces void formation. The crowns and roots of 60 bovine teeth with Class-II cavities (C) and endodontic access cavities (E) respectively, were assigned to ten groups (C1–C5, E1–E5). Cavities were filled with RBC (SDR flow + , one increment) using different application techniques: no adaptation (C1 + E1), spreading of RBC on the cavity surfaces with a dental explorer tip (C2 + E2), low (C3 + E3) or high frequency (C4 + E4) direct activation by inserting a sonic-powered tip into RBC and high frequency indirect activation with an ultrasonic insertion tip (C5 + E5). The restorations were light-cured and investigated for voids using microtomography. The number of voids and percentage of voids related to the volume were statistically analysed (α < 0.05). While most voids in Class-II restorations were observed in C4 (p ≤ 0.0031), no significant differences were found between the other groups (p > 0.05). The percentage of voids showed no differences in E1-E5 (p > 0.05). C4 showed a significantly higher percentage of voids compared to C2 (p < 0.001). There is no benefit in applying sonic vibration when filling Class-II or endodontic access cavities.

Anahad Naad and Pictorial Resonance: The Halo and Sonic Vibration in Sikh Art

The halo is a familiar symbol across Buddhist, Christian, and Mughal art, but its role in Sikh visual media has yet to be acknowledged and examined. This article studies the Sikh halo in relation to key philosophical concepts of dasam dwar (the tenth door/opening, located at the crown of the head) and anahad naad (an embodied perception of an internally heard music). When viewed from a Sikh perspective, the halo emerges as an external marker of an internal attunement to the divine one. As spectators, we attune to the latent sonic frequencies of the halo, which reflect the spiritual attainment of Sikh Gurus and other holy figures. Sikh art allows the inner/outer dialectic of the halo to come into view: to our eyes, the halo signals spiritual realization, while to our ears, it invites us to contemplate the intensity of sonic vibration that resounds through and emits from the divine body in tandem with the expressive kirtan of Bhai Mardana and his rabab (a plucked chordophone). &#x0D; &#x0D; Drawing on select artwork, I invite spectators to experience the sonic dimension through attention to the unique positioning of the halo in relation to the rabab. My critical focus on sonic vibration as suggested by a symbolic connection between the halo and anahad naad allows a concentration at the head to offer a new vantage point for understanding the iconographical presence of this symbol. This article centers Sikh art within the long history of the halo while highlighting how this symbol establishes a unique epistemological system of expressive meaning.

Successful induction of pseudopregnancy using sonic vibration in mice

Embryo transfer (ET) is an essential reproductive technology for the production of new animal strains and maintenance of genetic resources. We developed a method, named Easy-ET, to induce pseudopregnancy in female rats by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of mating with vasectomized males. This study examined the application of this method for the induction of pseudopregnancy in mice. Offspring were obtained from two-cell embryos transferred into females with pseudopregnancy induced using sonic vibration in proestrus on the day before embryo transfer. Furthermore, high developmental rates of offspring were observed when pronuclear and two-cell embryos were transferred to females in estrus that were stimulated on the day of embryo transfer. Genome-edited mice were also obtained using frozen-warmed pronuclear embryos with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (Cas) nucleases introduced using the technique for animal knockout system by electroporation (TAKE) method, which were transferred to females with pseudopregnancy induced on the day of embryo transfer. This study demonstrated that induction of pseudopregnancy by sonic vibration was also possible in mice.

The Politics of Urban Silence

The sound artwork “The Politics of Urban Silence” investigates how the sonic vibrations of protests shape the collective consciousness of citizens. To achieve this aim, the literal vibrations of demonstrations in Athens against the economic crisis were recorded in January 2017. Sound as a vibrational energy has the capacity to run through human bodies and connect them regardless of their social background and their intentions. The acoustic space and the relations that produced it shape the structure and the boundaries of social and political space. The sound of protests is mostly noise that is generated by heterogeneous practices such as screams and songs. But after the protest noise became a strong acoustic memory and the centre of the city was left quiet and silent. This silence was full of vibrations (literally and metaphorically) that reverberate across Athens and interacted with political bodies. This sound artwork explores the sonic expressions of political bodies during and after a demonstration and suggests vibratory models that has to do with noise, silence and the political engagement of listening. This sound installation shows how silence becomes a political stance.

Viscosity modulation of resin composites versus hand application on internal adaptation of restorations.

To compare the effect of the injection of viscosity modulated resin composites versus hand application without modulation, on the internal adaptation of different material to the gingival wall of class II preparations. Class II cavities were created on mesial and distal surfaces of 60 extracted human molars, resulting on 120 tooth preparations (n = 120). The preparations were restored with four resin composites: VIS-VisCalor (Voco); GRA-GrandioSO (Voco); FIL-Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M/ESPE); and SON-SonicFill (Kerr). Each composite was applied by two different techniques: by hand (H) or assisted (A). For the hand technique, the material was placed into the preparation using a spatula. For the assisted technique, the resin composite was heated up to 65°C (for VIS, GRA, and FIL) or sonicated (for SON) and injected into the preparation. After the restorative procedures, the teeth were completely demineralized to allow the restoration removal. The total area of the gingival wall and the area occupied by interfacial defects of adaptation (TDA) were measured by optical microscopy and digital software. The percentage of the area occupied by the defects (%TDA) in relation to the total area was calculated. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Significant differences were observed for the application technique (p = 0.0403) and for the materials (p = 0.0184), as well for the interaction between them (p = 0.0452). The mean (standard deviation) of %TDA and results of Tukey test for the interaction were as follows: SON/H - 1.04(0.75)a; VIS/A - 2.01(0.92)a; VIS/H - 3.62(0.99)b; GRA/A - 6.23(3.32)b; FIL/H - 7.45(3.31)bc; GRA/H - 9.21(4.53)c; SON/A - 11.26(4.04)a; FIL/A - 17.89(5.08)d. The injection of heated resin composites improves the adaptation to the walls in relation to the hand technique for VisCalor and GrandioSO but worsens for Filtek One. Sonic vibration increases the number of interfacial defects for SonicFill. The physical modulation of the resin composite viscosity can improve or worsen the material adaptation to the walls of class II restoration. It had a positive impact for VisCalor and GrandioSO but a negative for Filtek One and SonicFill.

Effect of Preheating and Vibration on Microhardness and Microleakage of Microhybrid Resin Composite (In Vitro Study)

BACKGROUND: Preheating and sonic vibration are two methods for the treatment of microhybrid resin composites that may effect on their mechanical and physical properties. AIM: This study was conducted to assess the effect of using preheating and sonic vibration on microhardness and microleakage of microhybrid resin composite METHODS AND MATERIALS: For microhardness test, a total of 30 samples of resin composite discs were prepared. Samples were divided into three groups according to the method of treatment of resin composite, controlled group (T0), preheated group (T1), and sonic vibration group (T2). Surface microhardness values were evaluated at baseline and after thermocycling. For microleakage test, a total of 30 Class-V cavities were prepared on the labial surfaces of extracted human anterior teeth. The cavities were then divided into three groups according to the method of resin composite treatment as mentioned before in the microhardness test. All samples were sectioned; then two-dimensional cross-sectional images from each sample. Each cross-sectional image was analyzed using Image J software to quantify interfacial microleakage at the cavity floor. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Two-way ANOVA analysis was used to test the effects of thermocycling on three groups of each test. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between three different methods of resin composite treatment. RESULTS: For microhardness at baseline revealed that the highest mean value was recorded for the control group, followed by the sonic vibration group meanwhile, the lowest mean value was recorded for the sonic vibration group, followed by preheated group at microleakage test. CONCLUSION: Preheating and sonic vibration of microhybrid resin composite does not improve its microhardness; however, sonic vibration provides better marginal adaptation than the preheating and the conventional methods.

Sounds Like America: The Elemental Politics of Walt Whitman and John Luther Adams

AbstractGenerating a conversation between nineteenth-century poet Walt Whitman and contemporary composer John Luther Adams, this article offers a sonic-elemental account of American geography and community. It argues that Adams and Whitman treat America as a constellation of elemental relations between bodies and materialities, and that sound helps to discern and describe those relations. In doing so, the article outlines initial parameters of an elemental politics that relates political actions to their surrounding soundscapes, thus emphasizing communality while rebuffing nationalism and spanning across multiple times and places while remaining rooted in specific present situations. To make this argument, the article draws upon scholarship in elemental media studies, new materialism, and soundscape theory. It treats both poetry and music as types of elemental sound art, appreciating that sonic vibrations affect bodies below the level of consciousness even when finding expression in perceivable language or music.

Dynamic analysis of sonic vibration drilling string with the sampling tool

Sonic vibration sampling technology is widely used due to its high sample fidelity, low disturbance to the stratum and environmental protection. The influence of the diameter variation of sonic drill string caused by the sampling tube on the axial vibration of the system is still unclear, which restricts the improvement of coring efficiency. In this study, an axial vibration model of a sonic drilling string with a sampling tool is established, which takes into account the section variation. Adopting numerical simulations, the influence of the drill string on the vibration characteristics of the system, the relationship between the excitation and the amplitude of the sampling bit, and the effect of the cross-sectional area on the bearing capacity of the drill string with the sampling tube are obtained. With the longer the sampling tube and the thicker the wall thickness, the lower the inherent frequency and the higher the bearing capacity. The results show that the discontinuity of the drill string section caused by the sampling tube inevitably affects the natural frequency and response of the drill string system. The model can provide a theoretical basis for the research of sonic vibration sampling engineering. Properly balancing parameters can improve drilling and sampling performance.

Effect of Whole Body Vibration Conditions on Lower Limb Muscles during Sling Exercise

Exercising in an unstable environment, such as with the use of a sling, improves neuromuscular adaptation by providing effective training stimuli. Moreover, whole body vibration has been used to restore the physical function of patients with nervous system and musculoskeletal disorders. However, there have been few studies on the most appropriate exercise method of combining unstable surface and WBV. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a sling and sonic vibration stimulation on muscle activation while performing a Bulgarian split squat (BSS). Twenty male subjects (age 25.95 ± 2.42 years old, height: 172.59 ± 5.56 cm, weight: 77.74 ± 10.82 kg) participated in the study. The participants randomly performed five types of BS using a sling and sonic vibration (BSS–0 Hz, BSS–4 Hz, BSS–8 Hz, BSS–12 Hz, BSS–20 Hz, and BSS–30 Hz). Each condition was repeated five times. A 60-s break was given for each condition to minimize muscle fatigue. We measured the muscular activities in the gluteus medius, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis. It was observed that muscle activation increased during exercise conditions that provided a sling and sonic vibration in all muscles. In particular, the highest activation appeared in the condition wherein a vibration of 30 Hz was provided. Our results show that the sling exercise combined with a sonic vibration of 30 Hz during the BSS has positive effects on lower limb muscle activity.

Successful pseudopregnancy of rats by short period artificial stimulation using sonic vibration

Psuedopregnancy for embryo transfer (ET) is usually induced in rats by mating with vasectomized males. Previously, we successfully induced pseudopregnancy using sonic vibration instead (Easy-ET method). The transferred embryos developed normally. Conventionally, stimulation is performed 7 × 30 s with 5 min intervals at the day before ET. However, this protocol is time-consuming because it imitates natural mating behavior. Here, we investigated pseudopregnancy induction with shorter stimulation times. Stimulation was performed 2 × 30 s, with 30 s intervals at the proestrus stage at the day before ET. Of the transferred pronuclear or two-cell embryos, 43% or 62% developed normally, respectively. Furthermore, 67% or 68% of transferred pronuclear or two-cell embryos in rats at estrus stage stimulated on the day of ET developed normally, respectively. Pseudopregnancy was successfully induced with shorter stimulation. Furthermore, this protocol may be used to perform a single-day stimulation and ET operation at the estrus stage.

The Effect of Application of Sonic Vibration on the Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Post to Root Dentin using Duo-link and Theracem cements: An In Vitro Study

Background: This study investigated the impact of sonic vibration on the root dentin-glass fiber post bond strength using two resin cements. Materials and methods: Forty single-canal teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): Theracem self-adhesive using sonic vibration, Duo-link cement using sonic vibration and abrasion, Theracem self-adhesive, and Duo-link cement. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and independent t test (α = 0.05). Results: In the coronal region, the bond strength was not significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.331). In the apical region, the bond strength was significantly higher in the Duo-link cement using sonic vibration than in the Theracem cement using sonic vibration (P = 0.010) and Theracem cement using the conventional method (P = 0.007). Conclusion: Sonic vibration has positively affects the push-out bond strength of glass fiber post to root dentin using Duo-link cement.

Editors’ Note: Sound and Affect in Times of Crisis ★ ★ ★

Editors’ Note: Sound and Affect in Times of Crisis ★ ★ ★

Re-Contemplating the Classification of Multiple Reeds

The 2011 Revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments by the MIMO Consortium categorises the “reedpipes with double (or quadruple) reeds” (422.1) according to the number of pipes, bore shapes, and finger holes, as it does to many other instrument groups. However, this scheme rather overlooks the significantly varied features of the multiple reeds themselves – their structural difference that determines their making and functioning, and how they connect to the pipe body – especially considering the vast varieties and distribution of multiple reeds compared with other types of reed pipes. Following the hierarchical classification of reed pipes (422) primarily according to the types of reeds, this paper would propose a further classification based on the “subtypes” of multiple reeds. The first level divides into “idioglot reeds” and “staple-mounted reeds” based on the connection of reeds with the pipe body. Idioglot reeds make one-part and two-part reed pipes, the former “usually a flattened stem” of the upper end of the pipe itself and the latter made from unbroken thick cane that fits inside the pipe bore. In contrast, staple-mounted reeds make three-part reed pipes. Some have fixed sides so that only the tips of reed blades are free to vibrate, while others have detached individual leaves that can vibrate on all sides. Given that reeds, as the primary source of sonic vibration, decide many fundamental features of a reed pipe, this recontemplated classification is likely to provide more distinct insight into their construct, functioning, and historical lineages.

Cycles of Quotidian Pandemic Instances

By silencing the knowledge of our past, it will not disappear; it transforms into a hum. The hum, as a fluid object of silence can be mournful, can represent absence. The hum that we are neglecting connects with our feelings, registering as cyclic vibrations in contact with parts of the body. The vibrato of the hum speaks of unspoken relations that, according to Tina Campt, unifies quietness with sound, surrounded by affect within a register of meaningfulness. If we don’t dare to remember, some images will enunciate—and speak to—the affective register. With the sonic integration of Radio Influenza, artist Jordan Baseman’s computerized voices narrate stories from 1918 through newspaper fragments. The audible tracks add another register to the vibrations, complicating Paul Gilroy’s “politics of transfiguration,” where the “lower frequency” is purposefully over(p)layed mainly with a different set of forgotten histories suppressed from the war narrative. Hence, the sound is felt from an audible and visual register, enacted at the level of the quotidian narratives of twentieth-century photographs and newspaper stories. If we listen to these quiet photos, to these muffled stories, can we acknowledge that just as sonic vibrations, pandemics tend to come in waves as well? In the end, the 1918 spring influenza outbreak was followed by three waves: the fall of 1918, spring of 1919, and winter of 1919. These waves of history, sound, and pandemics, can push us to resist the neglectfulness and acknowledge what we have unlearned from the cycles of quotidian instances, time and time again.

The Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells through G0/G1 Arrest and the p-ERK/Runx-2 Pathway by Sonic Vibration.

Mechanical/physical stimulations modulate tissue metabolism, and this process involves multiple cellular mechanisms, including the secretion of growth factors and the activation of mechano-physically sensitive kinases. Cells and tissue can be modulated through specific vibration-induced changes in cell activity, which depend on the vibration frequency and occur via differential gene expression. However, there are few reports about the effects of medium-magnitude (1.12 g) sonic vibration on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs). In this study, we investigated whether medium-magnitude (1.12 g) sonic vibration with a frequency of 30, 45, or 100 Hz could affect the osteogenic differentiation of HDPSCs. Their cell morphology changed to a cuboidal shape at 45 Hz and 100 Hz, but the cells in the other groups were elongated. FACS analysis showed decreased CD 73, CD 90, and CD 105 expression at 45 Hz and 100 Hz. Additionally, the proportions of cells in the G0/G1 phase in the control, 30 Hz, 45 Hz, and 100 Hz groups after vibration were 60.7%, 65.9%, 68.3%, and 66.7%, respectively. The mRNA levels of osteogenic-specific markers, including osteonectin, osteocalcin, BMP-2, ALP, and Runx-2, increased at 45 and 100 Hz, and the ALP and calcium content was elevated in the vibration groups compared with those in the control. Additionally, the western blotting results showed that p-ERK, BSP, osteoprotegerin, and osteonectin proteins were upregulated at 45 Hz compared with the other groups. The vibration groups showed higher ALP and calcium content than the control. Vibration, especially at 100 Hz, increased the number of calcified nodes relative to the control group, as evidenced by von Kossa staining. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that type I and III collagen, osteonectin, and osteopontin were upregulated at 45 Hz and 100 Hz. These results suggest that medium magnitude vibration at 45 Hz induces the G0/G1 arrest of HDPSCs through the p-ERK/Runx-2 pathway and can serve as a potent stimulator of differentiation and extracellular matrix production.

The Desire to Disappear in Order Not to Disappear

This article tells a story of the aftermath of the ‘failed revolution’ in Egypt through the prism of sound and gendered political prisoner bodies. It created embodied reactions among Cairene men—years after their lived prison experiences—in which depression, sorrow, stress, paranoia, rage, or painful body memories are prevalent. Affect theory shows how sonic vibrations—important stimuli within everyday experience, with a unique power to induce strong affective states—mediate consciousness, including heightened states of attention and anxiety. Sound, or the lack thereof, stimulates, disorients, transforms, and controls. The sound of life is transformed into the sound of death; the desire to disappear in order not to disappear again produces ‘ghost bodies’ alienated from the ‘new Egypt’, but from the family and the self too.

The effect of sensory-motor training on balance function in adult women using rhythmic auditory stimulation and sonic vibration

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of additional sensory stimulation on balance by combining sensory-motor training with sonic vibration that helps balance the development of muscles and auditory stimulation that improves motor performance. Method: Twenty women drew lots and were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Both group performed 40 minutes per session, once in the morning and once in the afternoon five times a week for four weeks. Results: The stability index and the weight distribution index showed siginificant differences in the experimental group(EG) compared to the control group(CG). There was a siginificant difference in the EG(NO, NC, PO) and the CG(PO, HL) the A % weight distribution. B %, there was a siginificant difference in the EG(NO) and the CG(HR). C %, the EG(NO, NC, PO, PC, HB) and the CG(NC, PO, PC, HL) showed a siginificant difference. D %, there was a siginificant difference in the EG(NO, PO, PC, HL, HF) and the CG(NO, PC, HB). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that sonic vibration sensory-motor training combined with rhythmic auditory stimulation resulted in significant differences in the stability index, weight distribution index, and weight distribution.