Somatotype Characteristics Research Articles

ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION OF HEALTH IMPROVING FEMALE TRAINING

Aim. The paper deals with theoretical and experimental substantiation of an individual approach to health-improving female training. Materials and methods. A specific individual orientation of training effects for women aged from 21 to 35 years was determined depending on their somatotypes: asthenic (n = 14), normosthenic (n = 18) and hypersthenic (n = 16). Individual somatotype-based health-improving training programs were implemented by 48 women during a nine-month macrocycle. The following research methods were used: anthropometric measurements, somatotyping, control and pedagogical tests, a set of biomedical methods, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Distinctive somatotype features, body composition, functional status, physical fitness were determined in women engaged in shaping. The asthenic type is characterized by the smallest weight and height, as well as body circumference measurements, vital capacity, hand dynamometry, and body composition data. The hypersthenic type is described by the highest figures for the parameters studied. The normosthenic somatotype is distinguished by average data. Assessment of physical development, functional status and physical fitness in women demonstrated deviations from standard values for most indicators. The individualized method of developing health-improving female training programs based on somatotype characteristics provided statistically significant positive dynamics of physical development, body composition, functional status, physical fitness compared with the initial values. Conclusion. The focus of health-improving training programs for women aged from 21 to 35 years is determined based on morphofunctional and conditioning features that are specific for various somatotypes.

Anthropometric Profile of Mentally Challenged Children

A concise report on mentally challenged children was focused on to their health and wellbeing by assessingtheir somatotype characteristics. For this study 25 (male) participants, age ranging in between 14 - 18 years,trainable and educable mentally challenged without any multiple disabilities were selected from SpecialSchool for Mentally Challenged People under Department of Teacher Training & Non-formal Education,Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. Purposive sampling method and Ex-post facto design were applied. Byusing Heath- Carter Anthropometric Method each subject was somatotyped. Analysis of Data done throughSOMATOTYPE (Computer Programs for Somatotype Analysis) to calculate somatotypes, descriptiveand comparative statistics and plotting somatocharts with mean, standard deviation. The result clearlyindicated that mentally challenged participants have low level of body fat and observed more percentagein mesomorphic and ectomorphic category and it has been observed that they all were having improperskeleto-muscular development, unbalanced lifestyle. So, it is necessary for mentally challenged participantsto involve in special physical education program to develop their fitness level.

Analysis of grip strength and somatotype features of armwrestling athletes of different skill levels

Analysis of grip strength and somatotype features of armwrestling athletes of different skill levels

Somatotype Characteristics of Sunni Muslim Population: A Cross-sectional Study

The aim of this study was to understand the distribution of various somatotype components and determine the age- and sex-related variations of the somatotype among Sunni Muslim population of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study population consisted of 214 individuals (100 males and 114 females), belonging to the age group of 18–73 years. All somatometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Anthropometric somatotyping was done using Heath and Carter method. Somatotype dispersion distances (SDD), mean somatotype dispersion (SDM), and standard deviation of somatotype dispersion distance (DSD) were calculated. Somatochart was also plotted for the body physique of the studied population. The results showed that mean somatotype of males is balanced endomorph (4.2–3.2–3.1), while that of females is mesomorphic endomorph (6.6–3.7–1.2). Endomorphy and mesomorphy increased with age up to 55 years and then decreased thereafter; however, ectomorphy showed the opposite trend in both the sexes. The findings of the study indicate that males and females of Sunni Muslim population are predominantly endomorphic.

Anthropometric and Somatotype Characteristics of Women with Breast Cancer

Anthropometric and Somatotype Characteristics of Women with Breast Cancer

FARKLI KATEGORİLERDEKİ FUTBOLCULARIN SOMATOTİP ANALİZİ

Anthropometry is a technique that obtains the human body in as metric and is frequently used to study body morphology in sports science. Nowadays football has become a focus of great interest, it is a sport that involves many coordination in physical and mental aspects. The aim of this study was to determine the somatotype characteristics of the football players (6-17 aged) and to increase the success in football. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 88 football players which was 17 from MKE Ankaragucu U17 football team and 71 from Kecioren Belediyesi Baglum Sports Club. Weight, height, biceps and calf circumference, epicondylar humerus and epicondylar femur breadth, calf, triceps, subscapular, and supraspinale skinfold thickness measurements were taken according to the International Biological Program (IBP) and Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual (ASRM) and Heath-Carter method was applied for somatotype analysis. The somatotype average of football players which were divided into four different age groups were found to be 2.9; 3.0; 3.0 and in toddlers 2.9; 3.1; 3.1, in juniories 3.3; 2.9; 2.9, in stars 2.8; 2.2; 3.8 and in youths 2.5; 3.5; 2.4. As a result of the study, it was found that the youth category was relatively similar to the results in the literature However, it was determined that other categories of football players are not exactly appropriate for the body structure they should have. According to these results, it would be beneficial for the trainers to be more careful in the selection of athletes and to take into account the morphological features.

A Study on the Somatotype Characteristics of Adolescent Girls between the Ages of 13 and 18

This study analyzes the characteristics of somatotype changes of girls from the ages of 13 to 18 that provide basic data on clothing construction for middle and high school girls. We use data obtained from body measurements of 1,590 adolescent girls 13 to 18 years of age provided in the 6th national anthropometric survey report. The differences among the age groups for 56 direct measurements were analyzed by ANOVA, and the structures of the differences by SNK (Students-Newman-Keuls test) were analyzed. The two major growth ages were ‘ages 13-14’ and ‘ages 15-16’. The first major growth ages focused on all measurement items of height, length, circumference, breadth, depth and other items. The second one focused on measurement items of height and length of torso, circumference, and breadth of lower body. The major growth pattern of the age groups was ‘ages 13<14&15<16&17&18’ which appeared focused on the height and length items of upper body and torso, the width items of lower body and the circumference items of upper body and lower body. The measurement items of front length like waist front length, N.P. to B.P to waistline, N.P. to B.P., and B.P. to B.P. showed the growth pattern for ‘ages 13<14<15<16<17&18’.

Gender and Somatotype Features of the Diameters of the Small Saphenous Vein

Objective: to study the gender and somatotype features of the diameters of the small saphenous vein (SSV) and to search for a possible relation between the SSV, body mass index (BMI) and thickness of subcutaneous fatty tissue (SFT) on the posterior surface of the shin. Material and methods. The SSV diameter and SFT thickness were measured by duplex ultrasonography in 130 patients of both the genders and different somatotype and BMI. Results. It has been found that the SSV diameter does not depend on gender (p = 0.565) and SFT thickness (rs = 0.068). Dolichomorphic patients have a smaller SSV diameter than patients with other somatotypes (p = 0.0013). Patients with normal weight have a smaller SSV diameter than patients with overweight (р = 0.0417) and adiposity (р = 0.0165); there is a weak direct correlation between the diameter of SSV and BMI (rs = 0.228). Conclusion. The revealed information about the dependence of the SSV diameter on somatotypes and BMI could be used for the correction of the results of ultrasonography of the venous bed of the lower limbs.

11-13 Yaş Erkek Taekwondo Sporcularının Somatotip Yapıları ve Performans Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Bu araştırma, Trabzon ili Akçaabat ilçesinde taekwondo sporu ile ilgilenen 11-13 yaş grubu sporcuların antropometrik, somatotip ve motorik performans özelliklerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Bu amaçla, 19 erkek (yaş 12,16±0,69 yıl, boy 151,71±7,03 cm, vücut ağırlığı 46,19±10,54 kg) sporcunun araştırmaya gönüllü katılımı sağlandı. Sporcuların somatotip yapılarının tespit edilmesi amacıyla Heath-Carter yöntemi; motorik performansların tespit edilmesi amacıyla 20 metre sürat testi, Flamingo denge testi, dikey sıçrama testi, durarak uzun atlama testi, otur eriş esneklik testi, 30 saniye mekik testi, 30 saniye şınav testi, Illinois çeviklik testi ve Multistage Shuttle Run aerobik güç testi kullanıldı. Sporcuların anaerobik güçleri ise, Lewis nomogramı ile tespit edildi. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi için SPSS 25.0 istatistik programı kullanıldı ve anlamlılık düzeyi olarak p&amp;lt;0,05 değeri alındı. Sporcuların motorik performans seviyeleri ile somatotip yapıları arasındaki ilişkilerin tespit edilebilmesi için Spearman korelasyon katsayısı kullanıldı. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular; sporcuların endomorfik- mezomorf (4-5-3) bir yapıda olduğunu ve somatotip yapıları ile motorik performans seviyeleri arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu gösterdi (p&amp;lt;0,05). Sonuç olarak, sporcuların vücut kompozisyonu ve somatotip yapıları, onların sportif performanslarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların sporda yetenek seçimi ve yönlendirme alanındaki mevcut literatüre ve ilgili spor insanlarına katkıda bulunacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Anthropometric, body composition, and somatotype characteristics of Japanese young women: Implications for normal-weight obesity syndrome and sarcopenia diagnosis criteria.

AimsThe purpose of this study was to examine the anthropometric, body composition, and somatotype characteristics of Japanese young women and to focus on normal-weight obesity syndrome and sarcopenia diagnosis criteria.MethodsA total of 124 Japanese university freshmen women were measured at body mass index (BMI), percent body fat and skeletal muscle index (SMI), usual gait test, and handgrip strength. The subjects were divided into obesity (≥30% body fat; BMI: ≥25.0 kg/m2), normal-weight obesity (≥30% body fat; BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), sarcopenia (handgrip, <18 kg; gait speed: ≤0.8 m/s; SMI: <5.7 kg/m2), or presarcopenia (SMI: <5.7 kg/m2). There were no subjects below the sarcopenia diagnosis criteria in usual gait speed, but not for handgrip (0.8%) and SMI (36.3%).ResultsThe prevalence of presarcopenia group (36.3%) is higher than in the normal-weight obesity (16.9%) and obesity (4.8%) groups. Anthropometry and sarcopenia diagnosis assessments were significantly higher in normal-weight obesity and standard groups compared with presarcopenia group.DiscussionThe number of young women was higher in the presarcopenia group than in the normal-weight obesity group, suggesting that the improvement of intrinsic skeletal muscle mass rather than fat mass is important for Japanese young women.

Examination of Physical Fitness and Somatotype Features of Parkour Practitioners (Traceur) and Gymnasts in University Education

The purpose of this study was to examination the physical and anthropometric features of the traceurs with the gymnasts university education. The study was carried out with university students, male twelve volunteer participants (traceurs=6, gymnasts=6). The mean age of the traceurs was 18.67&amp;plusmn;1.03 years, 172.67&amp;plusmn;3.78 cm, body weight 62.5&amp;plusmn;8.94 kg and BMI was 20.98&amp;plusmn;2.97 kg/m2; gymnasts was 19.33&amp;plusmn;1.21 years, 175.83&amp;plusmn;6.18 cm, body weight 65.17&amp;plusmn;8.06 kg and BMI was 21.11&amp;plusmn;2.67 kg/m2. According to the data obtained from traceurs and gymnasts, the somatotype features of the athletes were endomorph (2.70&amp;plusmn;0.32), mesomorph (4.09&amp;plusmn;1.70) and ectomorph (3.39&amp;plusmn;1.67), and endomorph (2.90&amp;plusmn;0.48), mesomorph (3.83&amp;plusmn;1.51) and ectomorph (3.49&amp;plusmn;1.52), respectively. It can be said that the dominant somatotype structures between the groups and within the groups are mesomorphy and ectomorphy in the traceurs and gymnasts. When somatotype features were compared between groups, no significant difference was observed. It is noteworthy that both branches have similar body structures (mesomorphy and ectomorphy). In conclusion, learning of these body structure features that determine and affect the performance by coaches education of athletes that athletes will show that perform successfully only with appropriate body structures and coaches may enable the preparation of a better training program.

Characteristics of Muscle Mass in Women of Different Constitutions

The purpose of this study was to examine the absolute and relative muscle mass in girls and adult women with different constitutions. Such studies in women of Kyrgyz nationality have not been conducted before, but this data is important for both theoretical and practical medicine. Physical development of 580 healthy girls and adult women, ethnic Kyrgyz, living in Osh and suburbs, was evaluated using complex anthropometry and somatotyping. The absolute muscle mass was evaluated using bio-impedancemetry using the ABS-01 Medass device. The statistical processing of the obtained parameters was performed using the statistical software, Microsoft Excel and the STATISTICA package (v. 6.0). The results of this study showed age-related and somatotype characteristics of the absolute and relative muscle mass. They demonstrated a tendency towards an increase in the absolute and relative muscle mass during the transition from adolescence to the 1st period of adulthood with their further decrease in the 2nd period of adulthood, which has both theoretical and practical significance.

Somatotype Characteristics of School Going Children with Visual Disabilities

Somatotype Characteristics of School Going Children with Visual Disabilities

The Effects of Morphological Structure and Fatigue on the Passing Skill in Pre-Pubescent Basketball Players

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of morphological structures and fatigue levels of pre-pubescent basketball players on basketball passing skill. Twenty-three male basketball players (age = 10.5 ± 0.71) who train regularly participated in the study voluntarily. The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) Basketball Pass Test was used to determine participants' passing skills. To determine the fatigue intensity participants were required to perform as many squat thrusts as possible in one minute. The Heath-Carter method was used to determine somatotype characteristics. In the statistical analysis, Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was used in determining the level of relationship between parameters, while Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to determine the difference between rest passing skill and fatigue passing skill. The endomorphic structure had a negative correlation with rest passing and fatigue passing scores (rho = -0.42, -0.55; p &lt;0.05, p &lt;0.01, respectively). The mesomorphic structure had a negative correlation with fatigue passing score (rho = -0.45; p &lt;0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found with the fatigue passing score of the ectomorpic structure (rho = 0.58, p &lt;0.01). Significant differences were found between the passing scores of basketball players' rest and fatigue (p&lt;0.01). As a result, it was determined that both rest and fatigue passing scores decreased with the increased of the endomorphic structure representing the fatness feature and also fatigue passing scores decreased with the increased of the mesomorphic structure. But, fatigue passing score increased with the increased of the ectomorphic structures of basketball players. In addition, the results of the study showed that as the fatigue levels of pre-pubescent basketball players increased, the passing skill levels decreased.

Somatotype Profile of a Special Police Unit

The purpose of this research was to investigate the somatotype characteristics police special units to give us a better idea about requirements of body composition and somatotype for training or/and selection process of new candidates. Therefore, an anthropometric analysis was conducted on 17 male members of Slovenian special police unit with mean age 31.12 ± 5.61 years, body height 179.46 ± 5.36 cm and body weight 79.84 ± 6.16 kg. They were assessed with anthropometric variables in accordance with ISAK. The following measurements were taken: upper arm circumference, flexed upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, thigh circumference, mid-thigh circumference, calf circumference, shoulder width, pelvic width, elbow diameter, wrist diameter, knee diameter, ankle diameter, sub scapular skin fold, triceps skin fold, biceps skin fold, forearm skin fold, abdomen skin fold, chest skin fold, supraspinale skin fold, thigh skin fold and calf skin fold. Also, the bioelectrical impedance TANITA TBF-105 was used for measurements of body weight, body mass index, lean body mass, the percentage of fat mass, absolute fat mass and the percentage of body water were measured. Somatotype components and the position in the somatoplot was calculated with the Somatotype 1.2.5. software. The values found in this study indicate a significant importance of mesomorph component for police special units and their nature of work with dominance of balanced mesomorph somatotype (2.59-6.49-1.98).

The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Fitness Parameters in Children

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between body composition and physical fitness parameters in children. 286 male and 311 female students have voluntarily participated in the study. Data on body composition have been obtained through the measurements of the students’ height, body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, length (sitting height, arm length, forearm length, leg length, thigh lengths), circumference (elbow, shoulder, biceps (flexion) , buttock, knee, waist, calf, ankle). For somatotype characteristics, the Heat-Carter somatotype grading method has been used. The Sit-Reach Flexibility Test (cm) has been used to determine the characteristic of flexibility; the 20 m. Speed Test (seconds) to determine speed; the 20 m. Sit-up test to determine endurance; Takkei hand dynamometer to determine right-left hand grip strength; Takkei back and lift dynamometer for leg strength and the Flamingo Balance Test for balance have been used. In the analysis of data, the SPSS 16 software has been used and T test and Pearson correlation test have been carried out (p&amp;lt;0.05). Between the body composition and physical fitness parameters of female and male students, a statistically significant relationship has been found with the exception of age, arm and waist measurements (p&amp;lt;0.05). In both genders, positive or negative relationships have been found between height, circumference measurements and somatotype characteristics and performance tests (p&amp;lt;0.05). It was found that there is a negative or positive relationship between the heights, circumference measurements and somatotype characteristics and their strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and balance characteristics of female and male children aged 10-12. As a result, it has been seen that the body composition of children aged 10-12 affects the physical fitness parameters. Children in this age group which is both a period of growth and development and skills selection period for numerous sports branches should regularly be followed by their physical education teachers, anthropometric measurements and performance tests should be carried out and the children should be directed towards suitable sports branches.

The Effect of Somatotype Characteristics of Athletes on the Balance Performance

Our study aims to investigate the effects of somatotype characteristics of elite athletes on the balance performances. The study has included 46 elite athletes totally. The heights, body weights, skinfold thicknesses, periphery and diameter of skinfold of the subjects included in the study have been measured and somatotype characteristics have been determined by using Heath-Carter method. The balance performances of the athletes have been evaluated by using Biodex Balance System. It has been determined that the dynamic balance performance of the athletes has changed in accordance with the endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph characteristics of the athletes; however, static balance performances have not changed. Accordingly, no difference has been observed between the oscillation indexes and static balances of the athletes (p&amp;gt;0.05), whereas a significant difference has been found as the balance level increases in accordance with the endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph characteristics of the athletes in terms of dynamic balances (p&amp;lt;0.01, p&amp;lt;0.05, p&amp;lt;0.001). In conclusion, it is assumed that the athletes having endomorphic characteristics may be more successful in the sports branches that put an emphasis on the balance.

Anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of undergraduate students of the National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe

Anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of undergraduate students of the National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe

Comparison of Somatotype Characteristics and Anthropometric Proportional Relations of Elite Wrestlers Between Styles and Weights

In this paper, comparison of somatotype characteristics and anthropometric proportional relations of elite wrestlers at the level of styles and weights and, contribution to improvement and orientation of sport is aimed. 57 elite wrestlers took place in the European Championship Preparatory Camp of Turkish National Adults Wrestling Team (31 greco-roman style with 7 light weight, 14 medium weight and 10 heavy weight –with av. height: 168.9 cm. and av. weight: 81.1 kg.; 26 free style with 8 light weight, 12 are medium weight and 6 heavy weight –with av. height: 173.0 cm. and av. weight: 87.9 kg), analyzed in this study. As a result of anthropometric measurements, there are no meaningful differences between free style and greco-roman elite wrestlers both in style and weigh. Wrestlers, as evaluated in somatotype, free and greco-roman styles are characterized as endomorphic mesomorphy, lightweight wrestlers are measured as balanced mesomorphy, medium-weight wrestlers are found endomorphic mesomorphy and heavy-weight wrestlers are characterized as endomorphic mesomorphy. Meaningful difference have found between weights. In spite of there is no differentiate effect of styles for wrestlers, partake in the similar training, nutrition and competition programs from childhood, weight, leaning on differentiates of somatotypes in the frame of the components like height, weight, length of bust and arm etc., emanates differences.

The study of the somatotypes of the Turkish National Rafting Team

Aim: In the study, it was aimed to determine the somatotype characteristics of the male athletes of the Turkish National Rafting Team. 8 male rafting athletes from the Turkish National Rafting Team voluntarily participated in the study during the national team camp in Rize before 2015 World Rafting Champs-Indonesia. Material and Methods: The age, height, weight, skinfold thickness, circumference, and width measurements of the athletes participated in the study were taken at the Performance Lab of Physical Education and Sports Academy, Karadeniz Technical University. Heath-Carter method was used to determine their somatotypes. The statistical analyses of the measurements were carried out by using SPSS 13. Results: The mean values of the participant male rafting athletes of the Turkish National Rafting Team (n=8) were found as follows; mean age 21 years old; mean height 175.68±3.32 cm; mean body weight 76.00±7.96kg. The mean values of the somatotype components of the athletes were found as endomorphy 2.23±0.88, mesomorphy 5.04±0.91, ectomorphy 1.92±0.94. Although there are various studies on determining somatotype characteristics in Sports Science, those related to rafting are limited in number. Conclusion: We are of the opinion that our study, in addition to determining the somatotype characteristics of the male rafting athletes of the Turkish National Rafting Team, will also contribute to the studies carried out in this field.