Somatic Components Research Articles

Variations in sociodemographic and health-related factors are linked to distinct clusters of individuals with depression based on the PHQ-9 instrument: NHANES 2007–2018

BackgroundDepression is a heterogeneous disease. Identification of latent depression subgroups and differential associations across these putative groups and sociodemographic and health-related factors might pave the way toward targeted treatment of individuals. MethodsWe used model-based clustering to identify relevant subgroups of 2900 individuals with moderate to severe depression (defined as scores ≥10 on the PHQ-9 instrument) from the NHANES cross-sectional survey. We used ANOVA and chi-squared tests to assess associations between cluster membership and sociodemographics, health-related variables, and prescription medication use. ResultsWe identified six latent clusters of individuals, three based on depression severity and three differentially loaded by somatic and mental components of the PHQ-9. The Severe mental depression cluster had the most individuals with low education and income (P < 0.05). We observed differences in the prevalence of numerous health conditions, with the Severe mental depression cluster showing the worst overall physical health. We observed marked differences between the clusters regarding prescription medication use: the Severe mental depression cluster had the highest use of cardiovascular and metabolic agents, while the Uniform severe depression cluster showed the highest use of central nervous system and psychotherapeutic agents. LimitationsDue to the cross-sectional design we cannot make conclusions about causal relationships. We used self-reported data. We did not have access to a replication cohort. ConclusionsWe show that socioeconomic factors, somatic diseases, and prescription medication use are differentially associated with distinct and clinically relevant clusters of individuals with moderate to severe depression.

Timeless or tainted? The effects of male ageing on seminal fluid

Reproductive ageing can occur due to the deterioration of both the soma and germline. In males, it has mostly been studied with respect to age-related changes in sperm. However, the somatic component of the ejaculate, seminal fluid, is also essential for maintaining reproductive function. Whilst we know that seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are required for male reproductive success across diverse taxa, age-related changes in SFP quantity and composition are little understood. Additionally, only few studies have explored the reproductive ageing of the tissues that produce SFPs, and the resulting reproductive outcomes. Here we provide a systematic review of studies addressing how advancing male age affects the production and properties of seminal fluid, in particular SFPs and oxidative stress, highlighting many open questions and generating new hypotheses for further research. We additionally discuss how declines in function of different components of seminal fluid, such as SFPs and antioxidants, could contribute to age-related loss of reproductive ability. Overall, we find evidence that ageing results in increased oxidative stress in seminal fluid and a decrease in the abundance of various SFPs. These results suggest that seminal fluid contributes towards important age-related changes influencing male reproduction. Thus, it is essential to study this mostly ignored component of the ejaculate to understand male reproductive ageing, and its consequences for sexual selection and paternal age effects on offspring.

Religiosity predicts unreasonable coping with COVID-19.

The present study explores the impact of religiosity during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020). The focus is on associations between religiosity, coronavirus anxiety, and preventive behavior. Participants were 1,182 U.S. citizens (50% female;20-83 years of age). Highly religious participants scored higher on the somatic component of coronavirus anxiety (emotionality) but lower on the cognitive component (worry). With regard to preventive behavior, highly religious participants reported more unreasonable behavior (e.g., avoiding 5G networks, hoarding toilet paper) than participants with low religiosity;at the bivariate level, there were no differences in reasonable behavior (e.g., physical contact avoidance, frequent handwashing). A comprehensive mediation model showed emotionality-mediated associations between religiosity and unreasonable behavior (positive indirect effect) but also worry-mediated associations between religiosity and reasonable behavior (negative indirect effect). The results remained stable when controlling for relevant sociodemographic variables. The discussion centers on religiosity, information processing, and rationality during a global health crisis situation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

OUTCOMES OF SEPTOPLASTY IN CHILDREN.

Aim: The aim of the study was to present the experience of a local hospital surgical department where septoplasty is performed on children suffering from its degeneration. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study with 100 patients aged between 3 and 18 years were taken. Both males and females out of 100 patients were followed up for 7 years. The patients were treated with using septoplasty as well as the related clinical procedures such as cauterization of the inferior turbinate. We performed clinical evaluation and nasal endoscopy of the cases in the postoperative period. The longest observation period was 7 years. Results: The male and female child enrolled in the study were 60 (60%) and 40 (40%), respectively. Out of this number of patients, 92 (92%) had inferior turbinate cauterization. In all the 100 cases, we did not notice any intraoperative complication. Also, all the cases were evaluated in 15th, 30th, and 60th days of observation. Conclusions: When performed correctly, septoplasty in children is a good clinical intervention as it allows the right growth and development of the crani-ofacial region and prevents abnormalities in psychic and somatic components in young patients. Moreover, this study confirms the previous studies that have demystified the point of view, that the setoplasty should only be recommended when the patients reach the ages of 17 and 18.

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection in metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors.

To support laparoscopic post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection (L-PC-RPLND) as a potential new standard, we report on a large dataset of patients systematically undergoing L-PC-RPLND. Patients with unilateral residual mass (≥1cm), normalized markers, limited encasement (<30%) of gross retroperitoneal vessels underwent unilateral L-PC-RPLND with no adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical performances, histology, hospital stay, complications within 30 days and follow-up visits were recorded. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used. Between February 2011 and January 2021, 151 consecutive patients underwent L-PC-RPLND. Median size of the residual mass was 25mm (interquartile range [IQR] 20-35mm). Overall median operative time was 208min (IQR 177-241) and was 51min longer (p-value <0.001) for right L-PC-RPLNDs. Eleven procedures were converted to open surgery. Median number of removed and positive nodes was 11 (IQR 8-16) and 1 (IQR 1-2), respectively. Mean hospital stay was 2 days (IQR 2-3). Nine complications (6%) occurred: two were Clavien-Dindo grade III. Definitive pathology revealed post-pubertal teratoma in 65.6%, fibro-necrotic tissue in 23.8%, teratoma with malignant somatic component in 6.6% and viable tumour in 4.0% patients. In multivariable linear regression models, fibro-necrotic tissue (32min, CI 8.5-55.5; p<0.01) and residual volume (1.05min, CI 0.24-1.85; p<0.01) achieved independent predictor status for longer operative time. All patients, but one, are alive and disease-free after a median follow-up of 22 months (IQR 10, 48). L-PC-RPLND, when adequately planned, is safe and effective for most patients with low to medium volume residual masses.

Surgical Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Lower Abdominal Surgeries: A Prospective Interventional Study

Introduction: Pain from lower abdominal surgeries originates from the abdominal wall incision. The Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) is a fascial plane between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle, which contains the nerve bundles. TAP block involves infiltrating this plane with anaesthetic drugs that block the somatic component of postoperative pain. Traditionally, the TAP block is given by anaesthesiologists as a blind procedure or under Ultrasound (US) guidance. In 2010, an innovative surgical TAP block method was developed, where the surgeon gives TAP block under direct vision before closing the abdomen during abdominal surgery. Many studies have recommended surgical TAP block as an intervention for achieving postoperative pain relief. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the surgical TAP block technique for postoperative analgesia following lower abdominal surgeries using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and by comparing the need for rescue analgesia and the total amount of analgesic drugs utilised within the first 24 hours of surgery. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at The Oxford Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from January 2022 to December 2022. The study participants included 108 women undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under spinal or epidural or combined regional anaesthesia and belonging to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system ASA I or ASA II or ASA IIE. The study group included 54 women who received surgical TAP block with 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine and 4 mg of dexamethasone, intraoperatively on either side before closure of the abdomen. Postoperative pain was assessed using VAS at regular intervals within 24 hours of surgery. VAS was also recorded whenever the participants demanded rescue analgesia. The control group included 54 women who received intravenous tramadol 50 mg eight hourly for postoperative pain relief, while the study group received rescue analgesia on demand or if the VAS score was recorded as three or more. The time for the first request for rescue analgesia and the total dose of rescue analgesic required in the first 24 hours after surgery were also recorded. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. For inferential statistics, numerical data were analysed by Chi-square test, and for continuous data, the Student’s t-test was used. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study group had significantly lower postoperative pain VAS scores when compared to the control group at four hours and beyond time intervals. The mean VAS scores at six hours were 1.85 in the study group and 2.35 in the control group (p-value=0.01), at 24 hours it was 2.04 in the study group and 2.24 in the control group (p-value=0.04). The mean time for the first rescue analgesia in the study group and control group was 11 hours 25 minutes and 2 hours 43 minutes, respectively, and the total tramadol consumption was 77.78±46.24 mg and 117.59±36.55 mg, respectively. Both results were statistically significant (p-value&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Surgical TAP block significantly delays the need for rescue analgesia and decreases the total analgesia required in the first 24 hours after surgery. It is an effective, safe, and simple technique for achieving postoperative pain relief.

Language as a Symbolic Culture Code

The article aims to study the culture codes depicted in English postmodern discourse verbalized by phraseological units. The objectives of this paper are to disclose quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the phraseological units in Fowles’ “The Collector”, specify the culture codes actualized in them, and provide their semantic classification. The principal research methods are induction, deduction, synthesis, content, contextual, componential, and parametric analyses, the analysis of dictionary definitions, descriptive and quantitative methods. The current study results suggest that the imagery of Fowles’ “The Collector” is created through somatic, artefactual, temporal, spatial, natural, spiritual, zoomorphic, quantitative, and other culture codes. The study demonstrated that the phraseological units with somatic components are the most numerous in the analyzed corpus. They refer to a person’s mental or emotional state, physical appearance, and his/her adaptation to the social environment, functioning as symbols of national specificity and identity. Furthermore, the somatic idioms with negative connotations prevail over those positively marked. Cultural codes within each group are linked based on similar senses, concepts, or ideas compared to material objects. Thus, an in-depth linguocultural analysis of phraseologisms modelling the English world picture would not be complete without identifying the existing culture codes.

Отфразеологические составные лексемы английского и японского языков с соматическим компонентом в сопоставительном аспекте

The article focuses on cross-level products of phraseological derivation – English and Japanese compound words with a somatic component ‒ and analyses their structure. The issue of word boundaries in both languages is raised as there are various ways to set boundaries between phraseological units and their lexical derivatives depending on the understanding of the issue, especially regarding N + N and Adj + N units in English and N + no + N units in Japanese. The problem of the so-called open compounds in English is investigated, and two types of units that bear relation to this category are identified: 1) units, originally idioms, that have lost almost all signs of structural separateness, 2) units that were derived from idioms and allow three spellings (separate, hyphenated and closed), but have no phraseological past of their own. In Japanese, via analysing kinodoku (‘unfortunate’) and oku no te (‘trump card’) the signs of possessive compound lexicalization are explained. The main word-forming, morphological and phonetic features of such lexemes in both languages are found, i.e. common word-orming models: compounding, compounding in combination with affixation, and lexicalization of full phrases including function words. Moreover, Japanese derivatives manifest some unique characteristics: phonetic changes according to rendaku, compression of idiom-based compounds with a second noun component which limits their length to 4 moras, and the existence of lexemes derived from communicative phraseological units, namely, proverbs.

IMPACT OF SLEEP QUALITY ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS

Modern scientific sources point out a close connection between depression, anxiety, psychological distress and low quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of sleep quality on the quality of life in patients with anxiety disorders of neurotic origin. Examination of 81 patients with anxiety disorders of neurotic origin and dyssomnic disorders was carried out using clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical research methods. The psychodiagnostic method included determining the level of stress load according to the PSM-25 questionnaire, the level of anxiety and depression by the HADS scale, the severity of the mental and somatic component of anxiety according to the HAM-A scale, assessing the quality of life according to the "SF-36" scale, studying sleep quality disorders according to the PSQI questionnaire.&#x0D; Depending on the level of psychological stress based on the PSM-25 scale, 3 groups were formed: group 1 included 25 (30.7%) people with a low level of stress, group 2 included 29 (35.8%) individuals with an average stress level, and group 3 included 27 people (37.4%) with a high stress level. Analysis according to the HADS scale has shown that anxiety symptoms prevail over depressive symptoms in all examined subjects. According to the HAM-A scale, the average score of the somatic and mental components in the group 1 is significantly lower compared to the group 2 (p&lt;0.001) and the group 3 (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; This study has demonstrated that as the level of stress increases, there is a tendency for quality of life indicators to decrease in all spheres of functioning. Significantly worse sleep quality scores were found in patients with anxiety disorder and high mental stress level compared to those with moderate or low levels. There is a strong negative correlation between indicators by the "vital activity" scale and such components of sleep quality as "daytime dysfunction", "sleep latency" and the total score of sleep quality, between indicators by the scales "role functioning due to physical condition" and "daytime dysfunction". It has been found out that with increasing pain intensity, all indicators of sleep quality decline. The data obtained should be taken into account in developing patient-centred treatment plan for this group of patients.

Fundamental principles of individual health: review

INTRODUCTION: Global challenges facing humanity make us take a fresh look at the problem of human health, first of all, in the context of forming a stable plan to maintain and increase health reserves. Such a plan does not appear by itself, it requires some person’s efforts to self-educate and to acquire special knowledge.OBJECTIVE: Substantiate the principles and mechanisms of individual health based on the analysis of literature sources and results of own research.MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was analysis of articles, placed in the databases and information systems: scientific electronic library Elibrary.ru, RISC, CyberLeninka, Scopus, WoS with the study about the basic components of individual health for the last 20 years. Keywords were used, such as health, homeostasis, adaptation, principles of individual health, valeology. The results of the authors’ own long-term studies have been also used in developing principles of health, relating to the issues of ensuring health of power structure specialists.RESULTS: High aerobic capacity does not only prevent the development of chronic somatic diseases, but also helps to resist different adverse environmental factors. In other words, high aerobic capacity can ensure overcoming extreme situations without activating anaerobic mechanism of energy supply. It is especially important as a part of valeological approach because, as a rule, in extreme conditions there is drastic reduction in adaptation reserves that leads to a risk of a disease.DISCUSSION: Priority principle of health is the principle of shaping health. Its essence is systematic teaching to manage your own health based upon a number of factors: gender, age, the level of physical and intellectual activity, the presence of predisposition to certain diseases, professional employment, etc. Its following ensures a person implementation of other principles — preservation and strengthening of health on somatic, mental and social levels. Knowledge about individual health mechanisms may become the theoretical basis for practical activities of medical, educational and social services in improving quality and life expectancy in Russia.CONCLUSION: In the structure of individual health pedagogical component is considered to be system-forming, the essence of which is to contribute to the formation of morality (positive personality traits and willingness to care for one’s own well-being and that of others) via continuing valeological education. Through morality an individual gets involved in activities of forming somatic, mental and social components of health, building and integration of which tend to happen over the whole period of their growth and development.

ANALYSIS OF THE SOMATIC COMPONENT OF DEPRESSION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSICAL THERAPY PROGRAM

Depressive disorders occupy a leading position among mental disorders in Ukrainians. The work of a physical therapist with patients with recurrent depressive disorder has its characteristics, which arise in connection with the somatic component in the clinical picture.&#x0D; The study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of complaints of patients with recurrent depressive disorder and to determine the correlation between them and the degree of the depressive disorder according to the results of the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9). The age of the patients was 45.37±12.01 years (min – 23 years; max – 69 years). The results showed that the most common complaints were: low mood (85.1%), headache (47.8%), apathy and insomnia (38.8%), changes in body weight (37.3%), loss of appetite and increased irritability (34.3%). The wide variety of complaints in the group of patients with recurrent depressive disorder is a confirmation of the work of scientists who claim that the most important diagnostic sign of a mental disorder is the phenomenon of "multiple somatic symptoms". This set of complaints required a more detailed study of their relationship. In fact, the determination of the correlation relationship by calculating Spearman's rank correlation coefficient revealed positive and negative relationships of different strengths. According to our study, a strong positive relationship was identified between impaired sexual function and loss of appetite (r = 0.72), a significant direct correlation was found between complaints such as decreased mood and loss of appetite (r = 0.52); between impaired sexual function, low mood (r = 0.53), fear of the evening (r = 0.5) and dizziness (r = 0.61).&#x0D; A strong negative correlation was observed between dizziness and loss of appetite (r= - 0.86). A significant inverse correlation was found between changes in body weight and low mood (r = - 0.53); between sensations of pain in the stomach and headache (r = - 0.64); between disorders of sexual function and changes in body weight (r = - 0.65), sensations of pain in the stomach (r = - 0.62); between tearfulness and apathy (r = - 0.5). Actually, a relationship with weak strength was noted between other complaints.&#x0D; While determining the degree of depressive disorder based on the results of the PHQ-9 survey, we found that a third of the respondents (34.4%) had a mild depressive disorder, a quarter (23.9%) had moderate depressive symptoms, and 14.9% of respondents had severe depressive disorders. When Although some correlation was found, no direct relationship was identified between the severity of depression and complaints during the calculation of the relationship between the degree of depressive disorder and existing complaints.&#x0D; According to the results of the PHQ-9, mild depressive disorder has a negative relationship with the change in body weight. Moderate depressive disorder is strongly correlated with loss of appetite. Severe depression disorder has a strong negative relationship with increased irritability and a significant negative relationship with headache. Therefore, further studies with larger cohorts of patients are needed to better understand this aspect of depression.&#x0D; To conclude, the data obtained would be important for physical therapists and other members of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, as the results indicated that patients with depression had multiple somatic symptoms that were not always associated with the health condition and the degree of depressive disorder.

Do maternal grandmothers influence breastfeeding duration and infant nutrition? Evidence from Merida, Mexico.

Breast-feeding is sensitive to somatic, hormonal, behavioral and psychological components of maternal capital. However, through grandmothering, older women may also influence breast-feeding by transferring informational resources to their daughters. We hypothesized that mothers with prolonged instrumental support from their own mother are more likely to have received advice and to have favorable attitudes/practices regarding breastfeeding, compared to those lacking such support, with implications for the grandchild's somatic capital. We recruited 90 mother-infant dyads (52 with grandmaternal support, 38 without) in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. All children were first-borns, aged ~2 years. Anthropometry and body composition were assessed. Data on grandmother's breastfeeding advice and maternal breastfeeding duration were obtained by questionnaire. Maternal attitudes to breast-feeding were assessed using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale. Women with instrumental support were more likely to have received grandmaternal advice during pregnancy/infancy on exclusive breast-feeding duration (60% vs. 37%, p=0.033) and the type of first complementary food (81% vs. 47%, p=0.001). However, women with support had a less favorable attitude to breastfeeding than those without and breastfed their children for less time (median 5 vs. 10.5months, p=0.01). No group differences were found in children's length, weight, skinfolds or lean mass z-score. Although grandmothers providing instrumental support provided advice regarding breastfeeding, their attitudes may reflect issues beyond nutritional health. Advice of maternal grandmothers did not promote extended breastfeeding, however the differences in breastfeeding attitudes were not associated with the children's nutritional status. Grandmothers should be included in public health interventions promoting breastfeeding.

EMOTIONAL AND EVALUATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (IN BORIS AKUNIN’S IDIOSTYLE)

Introduction. Modern linguistics is characterized by anthropocentric trend. The paper focuses on the emotivity, which is associated with human emotions and feelings, with special interest on the somatic phraseological units in modern Russian language in Boris Akunin’s novel.Purpose. The paper aims at defining the role of emotivity in the phraseological process. Somatic phrasemes and their connection with non-verbal elements of communication are investigated.Methods. The methods used in the paper are: descriptive, componential and quantitative analysis.Results. The paper illustrates that somatisms comprise the semantic centre of the somatic phraseological units being its nuclear. They help to express gests or pose and contemporaneously are used for characterization of human’s feelings. Somatic phrasemes have been examined and classified. Connection of the somatic phraseological units with human emotions and evaluations has been investigated and illustrated in our paper. Phrasemes which denote positive and negativeemotions have been described. The central somatic components of somatic phrasemes have been found. So, 17 groups of emotional phrasemes and 125 objectifications have been revealed in BorisAkunin’s novel. Dominancy of negative emotional mood and its reflection in linguistic units has been established.Conclusion. Akunin’s characters feel anger, fear, sad, shame and disgust much more often than positive feelings. It was shown that from 125 phrasemes only 11 denote positive emotions (gratification, gladness, love and passion). Special attention was paid to the central somatic components. As a result the analysis showed that the most common component as a part of phraseological units are eye, hand, had, eyebrows, heart and their different grammatical forms.Somatic phrasemes which are based on gest only but denote different human’s moods have been analyzed (for example anger, fear and amazement).

Stres, dobrostan i zdrowie psychiczne polskich nauczycieli podczas kryzysowej edukacji zdalnej – przegląd danych wmpirycznych

Introduction Emergency remote education caused by the Covid-19 pandemic brought numerous threats to the mental health of all actors involved in education. The researchers focused mostly on mental health of students, neglecting to some extent mental health and well-being of educational staff. However, as mental health of teachers influences the quality of work, it is important to summarize findings concerning important factors influencing mental health of educational professionals during the school closure. Research Aim The aim of this study was to prepare an overview of findings from quantitative and qualitative research conducted in Poland during the period of emergency remote education. The studies included in the analysis were based on the data on mental health, well-being and occupational stress and stressors in the population of Polish teachers during the pandemic. Altogether data from 11 studies and two theoretical texts have been analyzed. Evidence-based Facts The studies analyzed confirmed lower well-being and higher levels of occupational stress (with emotional and somatic components). This state has been caused by a variety of stressors connected to the new educational reality, e.g. techno-stress associated with extensive usage of ICT and lower quality of important educational relations. Summary The results confirm the need to conduct an ongoing diagnosis of various aspects of teachers’ mental health, particularly in periods such as the emergency remote education where a lot of new stressors occur. There is also a substantial need to offer mental health promotion programs for teachers at both the individual and the institutional level.

Central nervous system mature teratoma producing carbohydrate antigen 19-9: illustrative case.

Central nervous system (CNS) mature teratoma is a rare disease with symptoms that can vary according to tumor location. Most lesions are benign; rarely, malignancy can develop in any of the somatic components. Elevated levels of tumor markers such as α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin are not usually found in patients with CNS mature teratoma, and no reports have described an association with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). A 64-year-old woman with headache was found to have a mass lesion in the anterior cranial fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain suggested a mature teratoma. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests showed significant CA19-9 elevations (2,770 U/mL and 4,387 U/mL, respectively). Other examinations, including whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, did not detect the origin of elevated CA19-9, suggesting that the high CA19-9 levels were caused by intracranial tumor. The patient underwent tumor removal. The histopathological diagnosis was mature teratoma with positive CA19-9 staining. CA19-9 levels in serum and CSF decreased significantly after tumor removal. The histopathological findings and postoperative decreased CA19-9 levels established the diagnosis of CA19-9-producing CNS mature teratoma. CNS mature teratoma can cause elevations in CA19-9 in cases with absence of neoplasms in the trunk.

Система персонажей как способ оценки событий гражданской войны в Испании в романе Хавьера Серкаса «Царь теней»

The aim of the study is to determine the types of assessing the Spanish Civil War events of 1936-1939 contained in the system of characters in Javier Сercas’ novel “Lord of All the Dead”. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt is made to analyse the system of characters in this novel as a way to assess the events of the civil war in Spain. As a result, it has been found that the characters of the older and middle generation groups demonstrate a similar multidimensional assessment of the civil war events containing somatic, emotional and rational components. The older generation is mainly characterized by somatic reactions caused by direct contact with the traumatic events of the past. Emotional and rational assessment is more vividly presented in the characters of the middle generation, while the object of assessment in this case is not the events of the civil war itself but attitude towards them in modern Spain.

Establishment and characterization of IPS-OGC-C1: a novel induced pluripotent stem cell line from healthy human ovarian granulosa cells.

Ovarian granulosa cell (OGC) is a critical somatic component of the ovary, which provides physical support and the microenvironment required for the developing oocyte. Human OGCs are easy to obtain and culture as a by-product of follicular aspiration performed during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. Therefore, OGCs offer a potent cell source to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This study established a novel OGCs-derived iPSC cell line from the follicular fluid of a healthy female donor with a Chinese Han genetic background and named it IPS-OGC-C1. IPS-OGC-C1 was verified for embryonic stem cell morphology, cell marker expression, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, transcriptomic profile, and pluripotency capability in developing all three embryonic germ layers in vivo and in vitro.

A contrastive study of German and Egyptian-Arabic phraseological units with somatic components

The aim of this study is to find Egyptian-Arabic phraseologicalunits with somatic components which are equivalent to the German phraseologicalunits. The study also aims at finding the degrees of equivalencebetween the pairs of the phraseological units in this study. Based on analysingthe semantic, syntactical, lexical aspects and also the aspect of imageryof the phraseological units with somatic components as such and intheir relations among each other the phraseological units of the underlyingcorpus are divided according to the following degrees of equivalence,namely full and partial equivalence. On the basis of the findings two typesof equivalence are added namely the phraseological units with asymmetricidiomatic meanings and others considered as “false friends”. The result ofthis study is that only 8,5% of the German phraseological units with somaticcomponents have Egyptian-Arabic phraseological units with somatic componentsas equivalents. Phraseological units with full equivalence appear in32 Egyptian-Arabic phraseological units (nearly 3%), partial equivalence in19 Egyptian-Arabic phraseological units (nearly 1,8%) and phraseologicalunits with asymmetric idiomatic meanings in 38 Egyptian-Arabic phraseologicalunits (nearly 3,6%). The number of the “false friends” among thephraseological units is 10 (nearly 1% of the German corpus).

Study of cervico-oral synergies in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

Introduction. The use of orthodontic treatment is becoming more and more common in the modern world. At the same time, it becomes acute to develop methods for identifying patients with an increased risk of undesirable side effects of treatment (pain, dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, root resorption, etc.). The aim of the study is to investigate cervical-oral synergies in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and compare it with their osteopathic status.Materials and methods. 154 patients examined by an orthodontist were selected for the study and divided into 2 groups: Norm and Dyskinesia — according to the difference in the mouth opening width (the opening width in the extensional position minus the width in the neutral position of the head, E–N). The mouth opening width was measured by a caliper with thin lips. The Norm group included 86 people with a positive E–N difference, and the Dyskinesia group included 68 with a negative E–N difference. The patients age was the same in both groups (p&gt;0,05). There were 31 % of men in the Norm group, and 16 % in the Dyskinesia group. In both groups, the angle of neck extension with open and closed mouth was measured, and the osteopathic status was assessed. At the same time, the osteopathic physician did not know which group the patients belonged to.Results. The groups differed signifi cantly by the difference of the width mouth opening (p&lt;0,000001), and it indicates the correctness of the choice of this sign for the groups separation. The absolute value of the mouth opening width in the neutral position did not differ statistically signifi cantly between the groups, and it was slightly below the norm of 49–50 mm (42 mm in the Norm group and 39 mm in the Dyskinesia group). The difference in the extension of the cervical spine with an open and closed mouth was also calculated (the angle of extension with an open mouth minus the angle of extension with a closed mouth). A statistically signifi cant difference between the groups was obtained (p&lt;0,0001). Absolute values of neck extension did not differ statistically signifi cantly in the two groups. During the osteopathic examination, there was found a statistically signifi cant (p&lt;0,05) difference of the detection frequency of the following somatic dysfunctions (SD): SD of the neck region, the somatic component, in the Norm group in 34,1 % and in the Dyskinesia group in 57,4 %; as well as global SD: in the Norm group there were diagnosed only in 3,5 %, and in the Dyskinesia group — in 14,7 %.Conclusion. Thus, patients with a negative E–H difference (the Dyskinesia group) differ statistically signifi cantly from patients with a positive E–H difference in the difference of the movements′ volume in the neck, and by the set of somatic dysfunctions. The osteopathic status of these patients may cause a disorder of cervical-oral synergies. The measuring the width of the mouth opening in different positions of the head and calculating the difference in E–H could be used as an indicator that the patient needs correction of somatic dysfunctions during orthodontic treatment. It is planned to further study these synergies in relation to the practice of a dentist.

Comparison of the osteopathic status of children in the fi rst six months of life with regurgitation with functional disorders of the digestive system or perinatal damage of the nervous system

Introduction. Recently, the prevalence of functional disorders of the digestive system (FD DS) in children has increased. Regurgitation is one of the most common manifestations of FD DS, but also one of the symptoms of perinatal damage to the nervous system (PD NS). The most diffi cult diagnosis of FD DS is in newborns and children of the fi rst half of life, since there are age restrictions in the use of instrumental research methods. Osteopathic diagnostics of somatic dysfunctions can complement clinical and instrumental research methods in such children. No studies have been conducted to assess the osteopathic status of children in the fi rst six months of life with FD DS and PD NS. The aim of the study is to assess the osteopathic status of children in the fi rst six months of life with regurgitation and to compare the osteopathic status in children with functional disorders of the digestive system or perinatal NS damage.Materials and methods. There were examined 50 children aged 1 to 6 months with regurgitation. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 25 people in accordance with the criteria for inclusion in the study — the presence of a diagnosed FD DS or PD NS, vegeto-visceral syndrome. Anamnestic information was collected. A single osteopathic examination was conducted, according to the results of which the osteopathic status of children of both groups was compared.Results. It was found that regional somatic dysfunction of the neck region (somatic component) and local somatic dysfunctions of the thoracic diaphragm and sigmoid colon are the most common in the group of children with FD DS. Regional somatic dysfunctions of the head and neck region are the most common in patients with PD NS and vegeto-visceral syndrome, which could be associated with the development of central nervous system pathology.Conclusion. The obtained results allow to recommend the osteopathic diagnostics to clarify the possible cause of regurgitation with an aim to its subsequent osteopathic correction in children of the fi rst six months of life with FD DR and PD NS.