Solving Approach Research Articles

Improving learning outcomes through the Teaching Through Problem Solving (TTP) Approach for Class VI students at SDN Lidah Wetan II/462 Surabaya.

Lestari, Risa Puji. 2022. Improving learning outcomes through the Teaching Through Problem Solving (TTP) Approach for Class VI students at SDN Lidah Wetan II/462 Surabaya.
 Contextual learning process is able to provide meaningful learning. This learning motivates students to have the ability to solve problems. This requires teachers to have appropriate teaching methods so that students can learn actively and are able to understand learning materials and think critically. One of the steps that must be taken is the application of learning through the Teaching Through Problem Solving (TTP) approach. However, in the observations made by the author, there are still learning that has not been able to provide meaningful learning, so students have not been able to understand the material well and there are still many students who score below the KKM.
 This study aims to describe the application of learning through the Teaching Through Problem Solving (TTP) approach and improving the learning outcomes of class VI students.
 The results showed that student learning outcomes increased. At the stage before the improvement there were only 10 of 33 students or 30% who experienced mastery learning, increased to 20 of 33 students or 61% who experienced completeness in the first cycle, and experienced a significant increase to 29 of 33 students or 87% of students who experienced completeness in cycle II, and classically has fulfilled learning mastery which is more or equal to 85% of students who complete. So in conclusion, the application of learning through the teaching trough problem solving approach to class VI students of SD Negeri Lidah Wetan II/462 Surabaya in the 2021/2022 academic year can improve student learning outcomes.
 Keywords: teaching through problem solving approach, learning outcomes.

Problem Decomposition and Multi-shot ASP Solving for Job-shop Scheduling

AbstractScheduling methods are important for effective production and logistics management, where tasks need to be allocated and performed with limited resources. In particular, the Job-shop Scheduling Problem (JSP) is a well known and challenging combinatorial optimization problem in which tasks sharing a machine are to be arranged in a sequence such that encompassing jobs can be completed as early as possible. Given that already moderately sized JSP instances can be highly combinatorial, and neither optimal schedules nor the runtime to termination of complete optimization methods is known, efficient approaches to approximate good-quality schedules are of interest. In this paper, we propose problem decomposition into time windows whose operations can be successively scheduled and optimized by means of multi-shot Answer Set Programming (ASP) solving. From a computational perspective, decomposition aims to split highly complex scheduling tasks into better manageable subproblems with a balanced number of operations so that good-quality or even optimal partial solutions can be reliably found in a small fraction of runtime. Regarding the feasibility and quality of solutions, problem decomposition must respect the precedence of operations within their jobs and partial schedules optimized by time windows should yield better global solutions than obtainable in similar runtime on the entire instance. We devise and investigate a variety of decomposition strategies in terms of the number and size of time windows as well as heuristics for choosing their operations. Moreover, we incorporate time window overlapping and compression techniques into the iterative scheduling process to counteract window-wise optimization limitations restricted to partial schedules. Our experiments on JSP benchmark sets of several sizes show that successive optimization by multi-shot ASP solving leads to substantially better schedules within the runtime limit than global optimization on the full problem, where the gap increases with the number of operations to schedule. While the obtained solution quality still remains behind a state-of-the-art Constraint Programming system, our multi-shot solving approach comes closer the larger the instance size, demonstrating good scalability by problem decomposition.

The effectiveness of education model based on problem solving approach on educational engagement of medical students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch

The effectiveness of education model based on problem solving approach on educational engagement of medical students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch

Additional unexpected benefits of rewarding students for effective problem solving strategies: supporting gender equity in physics

An important goal of introductory physics courses is to encourage effective approaches to problem solving. To achieve this goal, many aspects of desired problem solving approach should be rewarded, e.g. via grade incentives rather than basing grades mainly or solely on correct final answers. Here we discuss findings of a study that suggests that shifting pedagogical emphasis to reward the process of problem solving approach rather than basing the grade primarily on the final answer may have an additional unexpected benefit of supporting gender equity in physics. Our study involves administering a previously-validated attitudes and approaches to problem solving (AAPS) survey in six large enrollment calculus-based introductory physics classes at a large research university in the United States. On average, women had a statistically significantly higher average AAPS score at the end of the instruction when compared with men. Moreover, on clusters of questions related to effective approaches to problem solving such as drawing diagrams and doing scratchwork, women had a significantly higher average score. Since drawing and scratchwork are part of a systematic approach to physics problem-solving, this finding suggests that women, on average, may take a more favourable approach to physics problem-solving when compared with men. Interview data with a subset of students corroborate this interpretation. Our findings suggest that awarding appropriate credit to the entire problem solving process, e.g. by giving credit for drawings and scratchwork, may support gender equity in physics. In particular, heavier reliance on open-ended questions on assessments, along with grading rubrics that are sensitive to the details of the problem-solving process, not only rewards the desired approaches to problem solving, but also supports gender equity since women are rewarded appropriately for their work. We encourage physics instructors to adopt instructional strategies that reward the problem solving process instead of only rewarding the product to ensure that students learn effective problem solving skills while also supporting a practice that is more equitable.

Optimalisasi Tele-Supervisi dalam Pendokumentasian Asuhan Keperawatan di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit: Suatu Program Inovasi

This study aims to encourage and improve the quality of nursing care through an innovation program in optimizing supervision in the documentation of nursing care. The method used is an innovation program with a pilot study through a problem solving approach. The innovation program was carried out on the head of the room and team leader who were recruited through purposive sampling using questionnaires, observation sheets and interviews. The results showed that: 1) the problem identification stage, need improvement in the quality of nursing care documentation; 2) the implementation stage, it is necessary to develop a nursing care guide, a checklist form for the quality of documentation, socialization, mentoring and testing of Tele-Supervision; 3) the evaluation stage, the results of the supervision of the documentation of nursing care have been carried out perfectly and completely by the implementing nurse through a trial of the Tele-Supervision form. In conclusion, improving the quality of nursing care documentation needs to be controlled with the implementation of scheduled supervision by the head of the room.
 Keywords: Nursing Care, Nursing Documentation, Innovation, Tele-Supervision

A computerized method of contact pressure and load distribution for crossed beveloid gears

Exact contact pressure and load distribution are key evaluation indices for beveloid gear design. A numerical calculation approach of contact pressure and load distribution for crossed beveloid gears is proposed, as opposed to the traditional method based on a finite element modeling software package. To acquire the flexibility properties of beveloid gear tooth surfaces, an accurate finite element (FE) model about a beveloid gear tooth with root fillets is first built. A solution model for crossed beveloid gears is developed using the influence coefficients technique. An enhanced solving approach is presented to improve the robustness of the solving model by addressing the limitation of the influence coefficients method. In addition, a unique contact pressure is presented. The numerical example proposed can be used to test the proposed methodology.

Optimalisasi Pemberian Edukasi pada Pasien dan Keluarga Melalui Terbentuknya Tim Perawat Edukator di Rumah Sakit: A Pilot Study

This study aims to determine the role of nurse educators in optimizing the provision of education in order to increase patient and family knowledge about health so as to improve quality of life. The method used is a pilot study design using a problem solving approach. The innovation program was implemented on 32 nurse educators who were recruited by purposive sampling. The evaluation stage of the FGD implementation and analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that the role of nurse educator is needed in an effort to improve the quality of providing education to patients and families. The innovation program carried out is the creation of a nurse educator team guide. The results of the FGD evaluation on nurse educators are the need for uniform documentation of providing individual and group education, nurse educators completing educational points according to competence, the need for competent nurse educators, mentoring and mentoring for junior nurses. In conclusion, the quality of nursing services can be increased by having a team of nurse educators.
 Keywords: Patient and Family Education, Nursing Services, Nurse Educator

Elementary teachers’ experience of engaging with Teaching Through Problem Solving using Lesson Study

For many decades, problem solving has been a focus of elementary mathematics education reforms. Despite this, in many education systems, the prevalent approach to mathematics problem solving treats it as an isolated activity instead of an integral part of teaching and learning. In this study, two mathematics teacher educators introduced 19 Irish elementary teachers to an alternative problem solving approach, namely Teaching Through Problem Solving (TTP), using Lesson Study (LS) as the professional development model. The findings suggest that the opportunity to experience TTP first-hand within their schools supported teachers in appreciating the affordances of various TTP practices. In particular, teachers reported changes in their beliefs regarding problem solving practice alongside developing problem posing knowledge. Of particular note was teachers’ contention that engaging with TTP practices through LS facilitated them to appreciate their students’ problem solving potential to the fullest extent. However, the planning implications of the TTP approach presented as a persistent barrier.

An Improved Random Forest Based on Feature Selection and Feature Weighting for Case Retrieval in CBR Systems

: The medical diagnostic process works very similarly to the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) cycle scheme. CBR is a problem solving approach based on the reuse of past experiences called cases. To improve the performance of the retrieval phase, a Random Forest (RF) model is proposed, in this respect we used this algorithm in three different ways (three different algorithms): Classic Random Forest (CRF) algorithm, Random Forest with Feature Selection (RF_FS) algorithm where we selected the most important attributes and deleted the less important ones and Weighted Random Forest (WRF) algorithm where we weighted the most important attributes by giving them more weight. We did this by multiplying the entropy with the weight corresponding to each attribute.We tested our three algorithms CRF, RF_FS and WRF with CBR on data from 11 medical databases and compared the results they produced. We found that WRF and RF_FS give better results than CRF. The experiemental results show the performance and robustess of the proposed approach.

Excursion as an effective way of conducting classes

The relevance of this work is in the fact that excursions play an important functional role in meeting human recreational needs: spiritual, aesthetic, informational. They allow us to model human activities related to knowledge of the world around us. A young specialist of the modern age should be a well-developed person demonstrating creative thinking and a non-standard innovative approach to solving business problems. Therefore, it is important for a student not only to master specialized knowledge but also to have a broad outlook. Thus, an excursion to a factory, a plant, or another business object may contain many facts about history, geography, cultural studies, and other social sciences and humanities. Familiarity with different types of business activities contributes to the formation of a diverse specialist with a broad outlook and strong motivational characteristics. Excursions help to concretize previously acquired knowledge and give new ones, develop the ability to understand social phenomena and processes, increase interest in what is being studied and cause certain sensory impressions. The aim of the work is to investigate how excursions of all existing types affect and can influence the study of special subjects in the preparation of junior bachelors in colleges. The scientific novelty of the work is to improve the efficiency of excursions, the development of new types of excursions simultaneously with the development of new technologies and forms of learning. The article proves the necessity to create virtual excursions to study special subjects for students of accounting. Young people who plan to pursue a professional career in a few years have a desire to learn how the work process takes place “from within”. What are the advantages of visiting businesses? Familiarity with production. It seems to be impossible to be a good accountant without the knowledge of what your company is doing. After all, how can one calculate sales if one has no idea about the algorithm and timing of production? Consultations of specialists in enterprise management. Business is an inexhaustible field of practice and it is impossible to list a number of tricks and useful tips and techniques of learning that use a description of real economic, social, and business situations that students will not read about in books. Communication with staff. It is difficult to become a good manager for someone who is not familiar with all the specifics of the performer. Therefore, when visiting enterprises, students can not only observe the work process, but also get the right to ask staff some questions. Studying safety rules. True professionals are aware of the importance of safety rules, strict adherence to which can prevent equipment malfunctions and industrial injuries. During the excursions to the production sites, the basics of safety rules are explained to students, which is a great contribution to the formation of the technological and corporate culture of the future specialist. Familiarity with the requirements of future employers. During such excursions and field trips, students can learn the rules of employment and current market demands of employers, as well as get the opportunity to find a job without the services of recruitment agencies. An important tool of modern education is virtual interactive tours and excursions, which replace traditional teaching methods. In recent years, virtual tours have become increasingly in demand. Considering a virtual excursion in terms of acquaintance with the work of specialists in accounting and taxation, it may be thought of as an incomparable experience to observe a specialist in his or her workplace, a specialist who gives explanations and shows the details of their work without being distracted by other problems. Components of this type of excursion can be video, audio files, animation. The materials of such an excursion could include terms and definitions, showing what methods and means the accountant uses in their work, and so on. Keywords: excursion, online excursion, learning effectiveness, teaching forms, practical module.

Recognizing and coordinating multidimensional dynamic stakeholder value conflicts for sustainability-oriented Construction Land Reduction projects in Shanghai, China: An integrated SA-SNA-TRIZ approach

As a characteristic new means for China to curb the excessive and disordered expansion of construction land, Construction Land Reduction (CLR) plays a significant role in achieving the sustainable use of land resources in economic, ecological and social terms. However, frequent value conflicts inevitably arise over diverse value appeals of various stakeholders throughout all phases of CLR projects, which has greatly impeded the effective implementation of CLR projects in China. To systematically recognize and strategically coordinate stakeholder value conflicts regarding multidimensional dynamic values under limited management resources and insufficient project experience, this study proposes an integrated SA (stakeholder analysis) - SNA (social network analysis) - TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) approach built on a systematic framework for stakeholder value conflict management. An empirical study on Shanghai's CLR projects is conducted to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed approach. A total of 280 pairs of value conflicts over 53 value appeals of 11 stakeholders are identified during the four phases of CLR projects in the SA-based conflict identification process, with 4 key value appeals and 21 key value conflicts prioritized in the SNA-based criticality evaluation process. Through the TRIZ-based strategy proposal process, 31 targeted coordination strategies are proposed, from which six major managerial and policy implications for CLR can be distilled. Methodologically, this study contributes to conflict management research by providing an integrated SA-SNA-TRIZ approach with a novel systematic methodological framework. Practically, the research outcomes provide policy makers and practitioners with useful new insights into managing stakeholder value conflicts, thereby driving successful project implementation and facilitating sustainability practices.

Transient response analysis of sandwich composite panel

In order to introduce a novel way relied on enhancing structural design as well as utilizing advanced material for protecting nonmetallic structures from detrimental impacts of transient thermal shock, this research analyzes the transient coupled thermo-elasticity response of the sandwich cylindrical panel with nanocomposite face-sheets strengthened with the functionally graded distributions of graphene-platelets affected by thermal shock loading. To determine the performance of the simply-supported system in the content of the time-altering stresses and deflections, the analytical solving approach, according to the broadly-known Navier technique, is applied to the governing equations developed on the bases of the exact theory of elasticity. It is considered that the internal surface of the panel is thermally isolated, while the outer surface is affected by thermal shock. The energy balance relation specified for this thermal boundary condition is solved to acquire the temperature gradient. Inverting the Laplace transform would be done with the aid of Dubner and Abates’ technique to designate time-history of displacements, shear stresses, and temperature distribution. The Halpin-Tsai micromechanics adjusted for nanocomposites is utilized to calculate thermoelastic properties of the nanocomposite face-sheets. The obtained numerical outcomes revealed the growth of the geometrical factor called mid-radius to thickness ratio leads to higher ultimate temperature and lower transverse shear stress.

Evaluation of English Textbook Taught as an Intensive English Course at King Khalid University from Communicative Competence Perspective

The study investigates the communicative proficiency skills and content's suitability in Unlock textbook. The study adopts a descriptive analytic method, student questionnaire, and teacher interview as an instrument of data collection. The findings of the study have revealed that Unlock textbook is a well-designed textbook activating the basic interpersonal communicative skills and cognitive proficiency aspect in terms of academic English language, applying critical thinking skills, and providing students with suitable communicative proficiency and academic skills. Nonetheless, it consumes lots of time in using video exercises as warming ups and it is based on problem solving approach which contrasts students' learning process' familiarity approach which is based on rote learning. The study recommends that Video exercises in Unlock should be reduced to one exercise, critical thinking should be integrated with the skills as reflection, and Unlock one should be composed of phonological awareness lessons to provide students with reading remedial classes.

Efektivitas E-Logistik dan Tele-Logistik dalam Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Logistik Keperawatan di Ruang Rawat Inap: Suatu Program Inovasi

This study aims to describe an innovation program in optimizing nursing logistics management. The method used is in the form of an innovation program through a problem solving approach that starts from problem identification, problem analysis with fishbone diagrams, preparation of POA, implementation with PDCA, evaluation and gap analysis with literature review. The innovation program was applied to the head of the room, team leader and implementing nurses totaling 108 people recruited by purposive sampling using questionnaires, interviews and observations. The results of the study indicate that: 1) the identification stage, still needs to be done to improve the management of nursing logistics; 2) the evaluation stage, E-Logistics and Tele-Logistics can be used as a planning and controlling instruments, simplify the logistics planning process, can prevent stockouts and overstocks, simplify the linen handover system, improve the quality of nursing care. In conclusion, E-Logistics and Tele-Logistics help improve the implementation of nursing logistics management.
 Keywords: E-Logistics, Optimizing Logistics Management, Tele-Logistics

The Sample Analysis Machine Scheduling Problem: Definition and comparison of exact solving approaches

Nowadays there exists a wide variety of automatic machines that perform analytical tests on liquid samples, such as water, blood, urines, saliva, etc. A test can be modelled as a set of activities with given precedences and through sharing a set of limited resources. A scheduling process is therefore required to find a feasible or optimal execution of a set of tests. An important particularity of the machines performing tests are their storage areas of limited capacity. For instance, one activity may require a sample to be moved to an observation area, while another activity may later remove this sample from that observation area.In this paper, we introduce a real problem encountered in the analytical instrument industry known as the Sample Analysis Machine Scheduling Problem (SAMSP). We show that the SAMSP is a particular case of the Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem with Cumulative Resources (RCPSP-Cu), and present a successful application of optimization techniques for it. We are interested in exact approaches, since the models presented will be used to prove the maximum throughput of the selected machine layouts. In particular, we compare the performance of approaches based on Constraint Programming (CP), Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT), and Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), on real instances of SAMSP.

A biased-randomized discrete-event heuristic for coordinated multi-vehicle container transport across interconnected networks

Modern transport systems are not only large-scale but also highly dynamic, which makes it difficult to optimize by just employing classical methods. This paper analyzes a realistic and novel problem within the Physical Internet initiative which consists of container transportation throughout a spoke-hub network. Containers need to be transported from their origin locations to their final destinations on or before a given deadline, and they can be temporarily stored in network hubs. Each truck can move one container at a time from one hub to another, containers can be transported by different trucks during their path from their origin to their destination, and drivers need to be back at their starting points in due time. A deterministic heuristic, based on discrete-event simulation, is proposed as a first step to address the intrinsic dynamism of this time-evolving system. Then, in a second step, a biased-randomized version of this heuristic is incorporated into a multi-start framework (BR-MS) to generate better solutions. Next, our methodology is extended to a iterated local search (ILS) framework. Finally, a two-stage algorithm, combining both the BR-MS and the ILS frameworks is proposed. Several computational experiments have been carried out on a set of new benchmark instances, adapted from real road networks, to illustrate the problem and compare the performance of the different solving approaches.

Problem Solving untuk Meningkatkan Subjective Well-Being Hubungan Pernikahan Domisili Jarak Jauh

This long distance marriage describes a physically separated situation where one partner has to settle in another place with certain reasons and goals such as job demands, education and others. The obstacles that can occur during this long-distance domicile marriage relationship are as follows, the couple does not feel happy, negative moods and emotions, less time together, family roles have not gone well even in fatal cases such as divorce. This study aims to improve subjective well-being for couples undergoing long-distance marriage relationships with a problem solving approach. The research design was carried out using a literature study related to problem solving approaches to increase subjective well-being for couples who are in long-distance marriage relationships. The results of this study indicate that problem solving is an effective alternative approach in increasing subjective well-being in long distance marriage.

Using multi-objective sparrow search algorithm to establish active distribution network dynamic reconfiguration integrated optimization

This study contributes to establish the dynamic reconfiguration integrated optimization model of active distribution network (ADN) and proposes a novel solving approach based on multi-objective sparrow search algorithm. Distributed generation and time-varying load have an important impact on promoting sustainable development and reducing energy loss. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the ADN integrated optimization problem in consideration of distributed generation and time-varying load to improve the ADN power quality, economic and energy benefits. First, a multi-objective sparrow search algorithm is proposed aiming at the multi-objective, multi-constraint, non-linear and high-dimensional ADN integrated optimization problem, and the superiority of the proposed algorithm is verified. Second, the mathematical model of ADN integrated optimization is constructed. Finally, multi-scenario test is conducted in the classic test system to verify the effectiveness of proposed method, and the compromise solution is determined through the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The result shows that the proposed method effectively reduces the power loss and node voltage deviation by 75.76% and 70.06%. Accordingly, this study is significance for improving the operational stability of ADN, increasing the penetration rate of renewable energy and promoting economic production.

A Whole School Agreement: Professional Learning with a Focus on Environmental STEM

ABSTRACT Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is important to producing students prepared for problem solving, critical analysis, and collaborative approaches to address the needs of the 21st century. For meaningful and intentional STEM instruction to occur, teachers need support and professional development. This paper presents a case study of a year-long professional learning project connecting the school’s environmental science focus to improving mathematics instruction. A whole school agreement bounds this particular case. The school faculty initiated the project and included developing a mathematics trail to connect with their nature trail, garden, and an outdoor amphitheater. The quantitative and qualitative data reveal significant changes in mathematics practices and teachers’ beliefs about the teaching and learning of mathematics. Since this case study revealed that whole school professional development in STEM could improve the teaching and learning of mathematics, implications for practice and research are discussed.

Efficient Approach for Solving (2+1) D- Differential Equations

In this article, a new efficient approach is presented to solve a type of partial differential equations, such (2+1)-dimensional differential equations non-linear, and nonhomogeneous. The procedure of the new approach is suggested to solve important types of differential equations and get accurate analytic solutions i.e., exact solutions. The effectiveness of the suggested approach based on its properties compared with other approaches has been used to solve this type of differential equations such as the Adomain decomposition method, homotopy perturbation method, homotopy analysis method, and variation iteration method. The advantage of the present method has been illustrated by some examples.