Design Solutions Research Articles

SYSTEM OF MONITORING THE DEGREE OF DESTRUCTION FROM ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION OF UNDERGROUND METAL ELEMENTS OF OVERHEAD POWER LINE SUPPORTS

In this article, the studies were carried out and the block diagram was developed for a system of monitoring the degree of destruction from electrochemical corrosion of underground metal fastening elements for overhead power line supports. The analysis of the causes of emergency shutdowns of overhead power lines in the CIS and the methods of assessing the consequences used in foreign countries are carried out. The studies were aimed at modernizing the unified power system of Kazakhstan, reducing emergency situations and increasing reliability of power supply to consumers. The article presents a diagram of the design solutions of the proposed monitoring system for the portal-type support mounting unit. One of the aspects was direct controlling the degree of destruction of the support fastening points located underground. The proposed system allows collecting and transmitting to the control center the information of the degree of destruction from electrochemical corrosion of metal fastening elements of portal-type supports. Key words: portal type supports, overhead power lines, power system safety, power system reliability, galvanic corrosion, U-bolt, monitoring system.

DESIGN OF A SPORTS SUBMACHINE GUN MPM 9 „BOHR”. PART II – BASIC CONSTRUCTION CALCULATIONS

The aim of this work was to design a sports submachine gun based on a review of current design solutions used in this type of weapon and to create preliminary technical assumptions. The scope of work included the selection of a cartridge for the submachine gun, the selection of the barrel length, the calculation of the outer diameter of the barrel, the selection of the mass of the bolt and the return spring as well as the calculation of the bolt kinematics, and the preparation of a functional model using the additive technique, checking the correct operation of the weapon's mechanisms and indicating possible design improvements. Part II presented the basic design calculations of the MPM 9 "Bohr" submachine gun.

Numerical study of influencing geometry of separator elements for cleaning dust of food production on its efficiency

At modern food enterprises, the task of providing high-quality air cleaning from dust is relevant. The paper proposes an original dust separator, the peculiarity of which is the presence of structural elements of different shapes, arranged in a chess order. This design solution ensures the formation of a wave-like structure of the gas-dust flow within the device. The separation of solids from air is due to inertial and centrifugal forces. The aim of the work is to evaluate the fractional efficiency of this separator with structural elements of different geometric shape during the dust capture process. The paper considers I-shaped, P-shaped, arc-shaped and V-shaped structural elements. The study is carried out by numerical simulation at a gas dust flow rate of 0.5 to 3 m/s and a particle size of 10 to 200 ?m. During the work it has been found that the shape of the structural elements largely determines the efficiency of separation of dust material from the gas stream. The V-shaped design elements have shown the highest average separation efficiency compared to other shapes under other equal conditions. This is due to the fact that in such a separator the particles are directed to their apex, where the velocity of the particles decreases contributing to their subsequent settling into the bunker. The maximum efficiency for V-shaped elements is on average 80.1 % at a gas dust inlet velocity of 0.5 m/s. The lowest efficiency is observed for I-shaped elements, as particles return to the air stream after rebounding from the walls.

Induction heating system of massive rings before rolling

The work examines an induction heating system for a large ring in a rectangular coil. The end surface of the workpiece is located horizontally. To form a uniform temperature distribution in the workpiece pushed into the inductor, a rotation mechanism is used. Conducted studies of the distribution of heat generation power and temperature in the workpiece showed the need to reduce the field strength in the hole area. A solution to the problem was found through the use of magnetic cores in the inductor design, displacing currents in the workpiece beyond areas prone to overheating. The obtained results of modeling electromagnetic and thermal fields in the workpiece confirm the correctness of the design solution.

METHODOLOGY OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING OF URBAN STREETS AND ROADS

Problem statement. New challenges in road construction require the application of modern and globally recognized best practices in the design and management of road infrastructure construction processes, involving the use of the latest Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies. The implementation of BIM technologies necessitates conducting research to systematize information, forecast and evaluate outcomes, and develop a modeling methodology. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for Building Information Modeling of urban streets and roads. Research Results. The proposed methodology for Building Information Modeling is demonstrated using sections of the street and road network in the city of Dnipro. Digital terrain and site models were created in the InfraWorks software based on geospatial data from remote sensing. Conceptual models of urban streets and roads were developed. The conceptual models were exported to Civil 3D, where the terrain model was refined using ground survey data, analyzed, and used to develop route plans, longitudinal and cross profiles of streets and roads. The detailed and coordinated road design solutions in Civil 3D were exported to InfraWorks to build an integrated road infrastructure. An analysis of the spatial smoothness of routes and sight distances on roads was conducted using the building information model. Models of an overpass and bridge developed in Revit were exported to the road infrastructure model. Traffic management measures were modeled. Using the “Traffic Simulation” tools in InfraWorks, vehicle traffic flows on roads and interchanges of the studied street and road network were simulated, taking into account the actual traffic intensity. The building information models were checked for structural deficiencies using Navisworks software. Conclusion. The proposed methodology for designing urban streets and roads using BIM technology involves the step-by-step development of a digital model utilizing software for the automated design of road infrastructure with the required level of detail at each stage of the design process.

Analysis of Heat Exchanger for Single-Phase Cooling Applications using Micro-channels of Copper Material

The design of a microchannel heat exchanger can be achieved using various approaches. The design includes various materials, such as ceramics, silicon, metals, and polymers, that are used to make microchannels, depending on their specific requirements. Polymers such as silicon, glass, and other polymeric materials are utilized on metallic substrates. The current study includes microchannels fabricated from metallic copper. Further, the design solutions do not consider the implications of the second law of thermodynamics. Hence, performing an energetic analysis of microchannels is imperative to design and assess thermodynamic systems that use them efficiently. One technique to improve a thermodynamic system's efficiency is using a well-designed microchannel heat exchanger with excellent energetic performance. This can be achieved by creating a thermodynamic system that eliminates energetic losses and limits only unavoidable losses. The use of high-conductivity material like copper also achieves this. To identify possible reasons for exergy loss and perhaps address them, a thorough energetic analysis of an existing heat exchanger is necessary. A microchannel heat exchanger with 19 microchannels in a flat tube is considered for this study. The study finds the energetic losses, which are useful for the thermal design of the heat exchanger.

Closed‐form optimal solution of two‐degree‐of‐freedom system with Inerter based on equal modal damping with potential application in non‐structural elevator for seismic control

AbstractTargeting the great demand for adding non‐structural elevators to old residential buildings, this article proposes an updated configuration of tuned mass damper inerter (U‐TMDI) applied in external non‐structural elevators. An analog 2‐DOF system is established to describe the residential building controlled by an inerter elevator. Then, three closed‐form optimal solutions for designing the U‐TMDI are derived via the fixed‐point method, equal modal damping criterion, and the infinity damping assumption. Subsequently, these optimal solutions are compared and discussed involving the expressions of tuning frequency ratio and the optimal damping parameters, root locus diagram and supplemental damping ratios, transfer function, and robustness to frequency variation, respectively. Finally, a residential building example is adopted to validate the feasibility of the proposed retrofitting strategy and the closed‐form optimal design solutions. It is demonstrated that the optimal tuning frequency ratios derived by the fixed‐point method and equal modal damping criterion are different for U‐TMDI due to the influence of elevator stiffness ratio , while its degradation forms for tuned mass damper (TMD) are identical, recognizing the importance of the elevator stiffness. Moreover, the proposed retrofitting strategy of using an inerter elevator can significantly mitigate the main structure displacement by about 18%∼23% for both far‐field and near‐fault earthquakes.

Design of a sweeping robot based on fuzzy QFD and ARIZ algorithms

The design of a multifunctional intelligent robotic vacuum cleaner is essential for meeting user needs and replacing human cleaning tasks, thereby improving the effectiveness and convenience of human-robot interaction. Existing robotic vacuum cleaners can address the issues of small dust and hair accumulation; however, a comprehensive and integrated solution for sweeping, mopping, sanitizing, and general waste cleaning remains necessary. This paper employs the Fuzzy Quality Function Deployment (FQFD) tool and the Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving (ARIZ) algorithm to address these challenges. The research framework integrates FQFD with the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) methodology to evaluate the weights of user requirements for a robotic vacuum cleaner. Subsequently, these requirements were translated into technical specifications, thus establishing a link between user needs and technical requirements. The ARIZ algorithm is subsequently employed to resolve conflicts and inconsistencies within the FQFD model. Finally, an innovative design for a robotic vacuum cleaner was proposed by utilizing the ARIZ algorithm's problem-solving principles and qualitative and quantitative insights derived from the FQFD. The design is evaluated using the Fuzzy Order Preference Technique (FTOPSIS) method, which resembles the ideal solution. Furthermore, the operational dynamics of the critical components of the design solution that navigate obstacles are analyzed to ensure their effectiveness. The final product can effectively replace humans in complex cleaning tasks while navigating obstacles during sweeping, mopping, and sanitizing for comprehensive space cleaning. The results of this study provide valuable insights for designers to enhance user experience, improve customer emotional satisfaction, and guide future product designs in related product development initiatives.

Representation Learning for Sequential Volumetric Design Tasks

Abstract Volumetric design, also called massing design, is the first and critical step in professional building design which is sequential in nature. As the volumetric design process is complex, the underlying sequential design process en- codes valuable information for designers. Many efforts have been made to automatically generate reasonable volumetric designs, but the quality of the generated design solutions varies, and evaluating a design solution requires either a prohibitively comprehensive set of metrics or expensive human expertise. While previous approaches focused on learning only the final design instead of sequential design tasks, we propose to encode the design knowledge from a collection of expert or high-performing design sequences and extract useful representations using transformer-based models. Later we propose to utilize the learned representations for crucial downstream applications such as design preference evaluation and procedural design generation. We develop the preference model by estimating the density of the learned representations whereas we train an autoregressive transformer model for sequential design generation. We demonstrate our ideas by leveraging a novel dataset of thousands of sequential volumetric designs. Our preference model can compare two arbitrarily given design sequences and is almost 90% accurate in evaluation against random design sequences. Our autoregressive model is also capable of autocompleting a volumetric design sequence from a partial design sequence.

A Survey on the Design of Virtual Reality Interaction Interfaces

Virtual reality (VR) technology has made remarkable progress in recent years and will be widely used in the future. As a bridge for information exchanges between users and VR systems, the interaction interface is pivotal for providing users with a good experience and has emerged as a key research focus. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science and CNKI databases from 2011 to 2023 to identify articles dedicated to VR interaction interface design. Through a meticulous analysis of 438 articles, this paper offers a substantial contribution to the emerging field of VR interactive interface research, providing an in-depth review of the principal research advancements. This review revealed that the majority of studies are centered on practical case analyses within specific application scenarios, employing empirical evaluation methods to assess objective or subjective metrics. We then concentrated on elucidating the foundational principles of interface design and their evaluation methodologies, providing a reference for future research endeavors. Additionally, the limitations, challenges, and future directions in VR interaction interface design research were discussed, highlighting the need for further research in design evaluation to continuously refine the development of standards and guidelines for VR interactive interface design. According to the findings of this review, there is a necessity to enhance research on information design for multi-channel interactive interfaces. Furthermore, it is essential to focus on the diverse characteristics of users to propose more inclusive design solutions. Adopting interdisciplinary approaches could lead to breakthroughs in the creation of personalized and adaptive VR interaction interfaces.

The causes of air movement in hidden indoor micro-environments: measurements in historic bookshelves.

The use of ventilation holes in small micro-environments has been proposed by the National Trust as a mechanism to improve the environmental conditions of moisture and temperature within bookshelves. At one National Trust historic property, this mechanism has been used to encourage air movement behind books as a possible strategy to reduce the risk of mould growth. It is believed that including ventilation holes as a passive design solution to promote airflow within micro-environments could prevent decay from occurring in the archives of historic buildings. This paper investigates the mechanisms that cause airflow behind bookshelves using field measurements in three National Trust historic libraries. The measurements indicate that small but measurable velocities, up to 4 cm/s, can be passively generated behind bookshelves. Air movement in such confined micro-environments is probably caused by a combination of natural convection, caused by temperature differences between the walls and the interior and the exterior of the bookshelf, and forced convection due to drafts in the surrounding environment. While in some cases one mechanism prevailed, both mechanisms may be present simultaneously in most cases. Further research is needed to clarify how surface temperature drives air motion behind shelves.

The Industrial Design Model in Italy at the Stage of Formation. The Aemilia Ars Group

The article considers the formation of the industrial design model in Italy in the peculiarity of socio-political conditions at the turn of the 20th century. Orientated towards the prospects of the design industrial culture, the progress of new art tended towards two vectors of development: a strong influence of traditional heritage of the great classical past and passion for modern examples of European design schools. The design, formed within the boundaries of the Italian regional version of the Art Nouveau style, stile Liberty, became a product of a specifically Italian design and artistic culture with a strong designer’s original creative beginning. It allowed freedom of experimentation in the search for its own unique means of expression. The industrial model of design was determined by the experience of the great craft heritage in addition to the influence of the artistic traditions of the new style. The new “revival” of the artistic industry of Italy took place in symbiosis of the activities of an artist-designer and artistic craft and industrial production. The Aemilia Ars group, as a regional design and production association, became an exemplary model of industrial design in Italy. The multidisciplinary structure of the association, which included a collaboration of architects, designers, and artisans specialising in various areas of the art industry, allowed the implementation of interdisciplinary tasks: from architectural restoration to interior design solutions. The group was an example of a unique design culture focused on a scientifically based approach, regional craft artistic traditions and an original style of a creative experiment. The great design-artistic and technological heritage as well as design potential of the Aemilia Ars craft traditions can still be found in the practice of a number of local associations of embroiderers of modern Bologna.

Dynamic Clock Switching Scheme for Enhanced Power Efficiency in System-on-Chip Architectures

High power consumption and thermal management are critical challenges in traditional System- on-Chip (SoC) architectures due to multiple active clock sources feeding individual IP blocks, even during idle states. This paper introduces a dynamic clock switching power-saving scheme that consolidates clock sources by dynamically switching to a single lower-frequency clock during low-power modes. A Clock Control Agent (CCA) monitors real-time operational status, power consumption, and performance needs, leveraging AI for predictive adjustments. Experimental results demonstrate a significant reduction in idle power consumption and improved thermal management, without compromising performance or data integrity. This scheme addresses inefficiencies in existing methods such as Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and clock gating, offering a robust and efficient solution for next-generation SoC designs.

Research on recommended model of personalized interior environment

Personalized recommendation systems are a common feature of e-commerce, streaming services, and other fields. However, they are not common in the field of interior environment design. Existing international research tends to prioritize deep learning-based recommendation algorithms. These methods rely heavily on large-scale data and complex models to improve the accuracy of recommendations. However, they often face significant limitations. Therefore, this paper proposes a personalized recommendation model for interior environment design based on clustering collaborative filtering algorithm and user portrait. The model improves the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm. Based on the established UPICF recommendation algorithm, the constructed model is verified through performance analysis and practical application test. The experimental results show that when the number of neighbors is 20, the MAE of the model is 0.7035, which has better personalized recommendation performance. In addition, in the personalized recommendation application of interior environment design, the click-through rate of the model is increased by 0.115, and the purchase conversion rate of users is increased by about 0.270, which further proves the effectiveness of the model. The results show that this model can provide more accurate, diversified and personalized indoor environment design solutions to meet the individual needs of users.

Empathy design method based on immersive interactive experiential spaces: A case study of Parkinson’s disease in China

It is a common challenge for designers to truly understand users’ behaviours and specific needs for universal design in the healthcare setting. This study proposes a new design method that allows designers to not only consciously understand the special user group, but also design for them in embodied scenarios. It aims to explore the effectiveness of experiential spaces in fostering designers’ empathy, stimulating design creativity, and proposing quality design solutions. Taking Parkinson’s disease (PD) as an example, this study developed the ‘PD Room’, an immersive and interactive experiential space. Participants were allowed to experience story scenarios of Parkinsonian under the development of symptoms from early to late stages. The results proved that the immersive interactive experience space method is an effective tool to assist designers in idea generation and multi-dimensional creativity. We hope that this method can be generalized to support practices of universal design through immersive empathic experiences.

Research on the Design Method of Camellia oleifera Fruit Picking Machine

Camellia oleifera fruit pickers are essential for improving picking efficiency and promoting the Camellia oleifera industry. However, it is challenging to develop pickers that meet user needs. Current design tools and methods have limitations, such as a single model, poor synergy between integrated models, and subjective bias when analysing user requirements and translating them into product attributes. To solve these problems, this study proposes a new design decision model based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Function Analysis System Technique (FAST), Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ Theory), and extension transformation theory. The model was developed and applied to design an Camellia oleifera fruit picker. In this paper, an empirical investigation of an Camellia oleifera base in Wuhan was carried out, and multi-level demand analysis was used to identify the design demands in the behavioural process; FAHP was used to calculate the demand weights to clarify the design focus; expert knowledge was used to convert the demands into specific product functional features, and FAST was used to decompose these features to find the contradictory conflicts; TRIZ theory was used to determine the principles of resolving the contradictions, and the extension transformation theory were used to generate the creative design solutions for the products. By integrating FAHP, FAST, TRIZ theory and the extension transformation theory, the subjective bias in product design is eliminated, the design decision-making process is improved, and new methods and ideas are provided for the design of oleaginous tea fruit pickers and similar products. Finally, the conceptual design of an Camellia oleifera fruit picking machine was produced. However, the conceptual design has yet to be subjected to exhaustive simulation experiments and prototype testing. Future research will focus on conducting the necessary simulations, prototypes, and field tests to fully assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the design and make the required iterative improvements accordingly to commercialize the product eventually.

Dust Pollution in Construction Sites in Point-Pattern Housing Development

Construction in cities and agglomerations is one of the main sources of air pollution in most countries in the world. Fine dust particles, PM0.5–PM10, which form as a result of construction processes, are among the most dangerous pollutants. With the increase in the volume of point-pattern housing development in cities, the task of maintaining clean air and environmental conditions becomes important. This requires research, the monitoring of dust emissions throughout the entire construction period and the development of design solutions based on the results obtained. The study examines the determination of the dispersed composition of dust generated on a construction site. A graphical representation of the dispersed composition is given by constructing integral curves on a logarithmic grid and approximating them using two-link and three-link splines. The gravimetric measurement method was used to analyze the concentration of dust in the air released during construction work near residential areas. Dust analysis at the construction site revealed significant differences in particle size that cannot be explained by statistical errors alone. The reasons for this are both working conditions and climatic factors, including humidity and wind intensity. In this regard, it is preferable to use models that take into account random processes instead of traditional deterministic methods to study the dust that shapes during construction.

Clothing design solutions for children with developmental disabilities: A scoping review protocol

Children with Developmental Disabilities (DD) often face significant challenges in performing dressing task, fundamental activities of daily living. Inability to accomplish this task independently significantly impacts participation in social and recreational activities, affecting Quality of Life (QoL). Additionally, burden on caregivers increases which in turn leads to stress and burnout. Addressing dressing-related challenges through innovative clothing designs enhances self-independence, alleviate caregiver burden, and improve QoL. However, studies published in this focused area are quite heterogeneous resulting in lack of comprehensive understanding of different clothing solutions that exist for children with DD. Therefore, this scoping review is undertaken to map clothing design solutions available for children with DD between 0 and 18 years. Arksey and O'Malley's framework will be followed, database-specific search strategy and grey literature searches will be conducted to retrieve articles published in English from January 2000 to May 2024. All selected articles will be screened independently by two reviewers, and data will be extracted. The purpose of this scoping review is to map clothing design solutions available for children with DD from scientific literature. Adaptive clothing being an emerging area, evidence from this study may encourage designers to bring innovation in clothing industry for a wider range of disabilities.

Ship Hull Hybrid Structural Design Accounting for Reliability

The optimum ship hull design solution has always been a concern, and in recent years, genetic algorithms to optimise the ship hull structure have been developed. The genetic algorithm’s fundaments generate alternative solutions and compare them with pre-defined constants and objectives. The development of design solutions evolves through competition and controlled variations. Minimising the ship hull structure weight is essential in reducing the ship’s capital (construction) expenditure and increasing the cargo capacity. The risk of the ship is associated with the loss of the ship, cargo, human life, environmental pollution, etc. It is a governing factor impacted by the chosen structural design solution and the measures taken to reduce the structural weight. A genetic algorithm will be employed to study the weight minimisation of a multi-purpose ship hull structure, controlling the associated risk by accounting for several structural design variables. The risk and best design solution are defined by the probability of compressive collapse of the stiffened plates, integral ship hull structure, and the associated cost due to failure. The Pareto frontier solutions, calculated by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, NSGA-II, will be employed to determine feasible solutions for the design variables. The first-order reliability method will estimate the Beta reliability index based on the topology of the stiffened plates and ship hull structure as a part of the Pareto frontier solutions. The algorithm employed will not account for any manufacturing constraints and consequences due to the encountered optimal design solution.

H∞ optimum design and nonlinear seismic performance assessment of tuned-mass-damper-inerter (TMDI) supported by an auxiliary structure

Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (TMDI) and its simplified form, Tuned Inerter Damper (TID), are highly effective in mitigating seismic responses in buildings, particularly when rigidly connected to the ground. However, practical constraints often limit the feasibility of this ideal setup. This study introduces a novel configuration: the AS-type TMDI, which connects the TMDI to an auxiliary structure (AS) adjacent to the main building to simulate a ground connection. To design the AS-type TMDI, this research builds upon insights from studies on TMDIs in adjacent buildings and develops an analogous 3-DOF model representing the TMDI-linked adjacent-building system. This model incorporates two buildings of different heights, allowing the TMDI to be connected at any floor level. Utilizing fixed-point theory, the study derives an analytical solution for the optimal design of TMDI systems within this novel configuration. Additionally, a method is introduced to determine the optimal stiffness and design procedure for the AS itself. The performance of the proposed AS-type TMDI is evaluated through comprehensive nonlinear seismic analysis of a benchmark nine-story steel frame structure, accounting for material and geometric nonlinearities. Results demonstrate that the AS-type TMDI performs comparably to a virtually grounded TMDI in effectively reducing the seismic responses. Furthermore, this innovative configuration outperforms both a conventional retrofitting technique, where the building is rigidly connected to the AS, and a system where a viscous damper alone connects the main building to the AS. This highlights the AS-type TMDI's potential to significantly improve the building’s seismic performance.