Hydrochloride Solution Research Articles

Perturbation of amygdala/somatostatin-nucleus of the solitary tract projections reduces sensitivity to quinine in a brief-access test

Neural processing in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) is critical for concentration-dependent intake of normally preferred and avoided taste stimuli (e.g. affective responding); and is influenced by descending input from numerous forebrain regions. In one region, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), a subpopulation of neurons that project to the NST express the neuropeptide somatostatin (Sst). The present study investigated whether this CeA/Sst-to-NST pathway contributes to concentration-dependent intake of sucrose and quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) solutions using brief-access lick trials (5 s). In both female and male mice, we used virus-based optogenetic tools and laser light illumination to manipulate the activity of CeA/Sst neurons that project to the NST. During light-induced inhibition of CeA/Sst-to-NST neurons, mice licked significantly more to our three highest concentrations of QHCl compared to control mice, while sucrose intake was unaffected. Interestingly, light-induced activation of this descending pathway did not influence licking of either sucrose or QHCl. These findings suggest that the CeA/Sst-to-NST pathway must be active for normal affective responding to an exemplary aversive taste stimulus.

Intermolecular Dynamics and Structure in Aqueous Lidocaine Hydrochloride Solutions.

We investigated the intermolecular dynamics and static structure in the aqueous solutions of lidocaine hydrochloride (LDHCl) in the concentration range of [LDHCl] = 0-2.00 M using femtosecond Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (fs-RIKES), small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). For the fs-RIKES experiments, the concentration dependence of the difference low-frequency spectra of the aqueous LDHCl solutions relative to the neat water, which was mainly due to the intermolecular vibrations, was characterized using an exponential function with a characteristic concentration of ∼1 M. For the SWAXS experiments, we observed a manifestation of an excess scattering component centered within a range of 8-10 nm-1 in the aqueous LDHCl solutions. The results of Fourier inversion and further deconvolution analyses unambiguously demonstrated that lidocaines assemble into a nanometer-sized micelle-like structure with the innermost core (∼0.3 nm) and outer shell (∼0.5 nm), respectively. The DLS experiments also found nanometer-sized aggregates and further indicated evidence of the clusters of the aggregates. The results of viscosities, densities, and surface tensions of the solutions and the quantum chemistry calculations supported the unique features of the microscopic intermolecular interaction and the micelle-like aggregation.

Synthesis of Anion Electrolyte Membrane through Radiation-induced Graft Polymerization of Poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride) onto Isotactic Polypropylene Film

Radiation grafting, a widely used process for preparing different functional materials, allows the facile amalgamation of desirable properties from two or more polymers without altering the inherent properties of the base substrate. In this study, an anion electrolyte membrane (AEM) was successfully prepared through radiation grafting of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBC) from isotactic polypropylene (iPP) film using gamma-ray irradiation. It was shown that the amount of grafted PVBC increased with increasing absorbed dose, which yielded iPP-g-PVBC with 127% degree of grafting at 50 kGy. The iPP-g-PVBC was reacted with aqueous trimethylamine hydrochloride solution to introduce quaternary ammonium ions, thereby producing the AEM membrane in chloride form (iPP-g-PVBC-TMA-Cl), which was further reacted with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to convert it into hydroxide form (iPP-g-PVBC-TMA-OH). The pristine, grafted and functionalized iPP films were characterized using attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The effect of degree of grafting on the ionic conductivity, ion exchange capacity and water uptake were evaluated in both AEM’s chloride and hydroxide forms. Results showed that a higher degree of grafting films achieved higher ionic conductivity, ion exchange capacity and water uptake for both chloride and hydroxide forms. The synthesized AEM with a degree of grafting of 70% (IEC = 1.87 meq/g) obtained a conductivity of 129.34 mS/cm, which is higher than the AEMs reported in previous works.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria treated with bloodletting therapy and auricular point sticking on the base of xuanfu theory: a randomized controlled trial

To compare the clinical therapeutic effect and the impacts on recurrence rate on chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) between the combined treatment of bloodletting therapy and auricular point sticking on the base of xuanfu theory and the oral solution of levocetirizine hydrochloride. A total of 86 patients with CSU were randomized into an observation group (43 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (43 cases, 3 cases dropped off). In the observation group, bloodletting therapy at Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Geshu (BL 17) and Pishu (BL 20) was combined with auricular point sticking at lung (CO14), kidney (CO10), shenmen (TF4) and heart (CO15), etc. This combined treatment was given once every two days. In the control group, the oral solution of levocetirizine hydrochloride was prescribed, 10 mL each time, once daily. The treatment lasted for 4 weeks in the two groups. Before and after treatment, urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7), the score of dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and the levels of serum immune globulin E (IgE), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were compared in the patients between the two groups. The clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated in patients of the two groups and the recurrence rate was followed up 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment separately. After treatment, the scores of UAS7 and DLQI, as well as the levels of serum IgE and IL-4 were all reduced as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the level of serum IFN-γ was increased (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 83.3% (35/42) in the observation group and was 85.0% (34/40) in the control group. There was no statistical significance for the difference in the clinical therapeutic effect between the two groups (P>0.05). Eight and 12 weeks after treatment, the recurrence rates were 21.1% (4/19) and 26.3% (5/19) in the observation group, lower than 55.0% (11/20) and 65.0% (13/20) in the control group, respectively (P<0.05). The combined therapy of bloodletting and auricular point sticking on the base of xuanfu theory relieves the clinical symptoms, regulates the levels of serum IgE, IL-4 and IFN-γ and improves the quality of life in the patients with CSU. The clinical therapeutic effect of this combined treatment is similar to the oral solution of levocetirizine hydrochloride. But, the recurrence rate of the combined treatment of bloodletting and auricular point sticking is lower and its long-term curative effect is better.

PH-taxis drives aerobic bacteria in duodenum to migrate into the pancreas with tumors

As oral or intestinal bacteria have been found in pancreatic cystic fluid and tumors, understanding bacterial migration from the duodenum into the pancreas via hepato-pancreatic duct is critical. Mathematical models of migration of aerobic bacteria from the duodenum to the pancreas with tumors were developed. Additionally, the bacterial distributions under the pH gradient and those under flow were measured in double-layer flow based microfluidic device and T-shaped cylinders. Migration of aerobic bacteria from the duodenum into pancreas is counteracted by bile and pancreatic juice flow but facilitated by pH-taxis from acidic duodenum fluid toward more favorable slightly alkaline pH in pancreatic juice. Additionally, the reduced flow velocity in cancer patients, due to compressed pancreatic duct by solid tumor, facilitates migration. Moreover, measured distribution of GFP E. coli under the pH gradient in a microfluidic device validated pH-tactic behaviors. Furthermore, Pseudomonas fluorescens in hydrochloride solution, but not in bicarbonate solution, migrated upstream against bicarbonate flow of > 20 μm/s, with an advancement at approximately 50 μm/s.

Ketamine Induced Bladder Fibrosis Through MTDH/P38 MAPK/EMT Pathway.

Purpose: Ketamine is an anesthetic in clinical, but it has also been used as an abusing drug due to its low price and hallucinogenic effects. It is proved that ketamine abusing would cause multiple system damage including the urinary system, which is called ketamine-induced cystitis (KIC). Bladder fibrosis is late stage in KIC and threaten abusers’ life. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of ketamine-induced bladder fibrosis. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. 2 groups were treated with tail vein injection of ketamine (25 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day ketamine hydrochloride solution, respectively) for 12 weeks, whereas the control group was treated with normal saline solution. In each group, rat bladders were extracted and samples were examined for pathological and morphological alterations via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Masson’s trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). SV-HUC-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of ketamine solution (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mmol/L). Rat bladder and SV-HUC-1 cells were extracted protein and RNA for Western blot and RT-PCR detection. Metadherin (MTDH) siRNAs and overexpression plasmids were used to knock down and overexpress the relative genes. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor was utilized to inhibit the MAPK pathway. Results: Rats in the ketamine group exhibited fibrosis compared to rats of the control group and fibrosis were also markedly upregulated in SV-HUC-1 cells after treated with ketamine, which were ketamine concentration-dependent. After treating with ketamine in SV-HUC-1 cells, there was an increase expression of MTDH, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, P38 MAPK. MTDH knockdown would suppresses P38 MAPK/EMT pathway to inhibit fibrosis, however, MTDH overexpression could promote the pathway in SV-HUC-1 cells. Conclusion: In rats and SV-HUC-1 cells ketamine-treated models, MTDH can regulate EMT through the P38 MAPK pathway to regulate the process of bladder fibrosis.

The Safety, Clinical, and Neurophysiological Effects of Intranasal Ketamine in Patients Who Do Not Respond to Electroconvulsive Therapy: Protocol for a Pilot, Open-Label Clinical Trial.

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder is among the most disabling illnesses worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of 16.2%. Research suggests that 20% to 40% of patients with depression do not respond to pharmacotherapy, developing treatment-resistant depression. Electroconvulsive therapy is the gold standard for treating individuals with treatment-resistant depression, with remission rates of approximately 75% to 90%. However, 10% to 25% of patients do not respond to electroconvulsive therapy, and many are unable to tolerate it due to the side effects. Both groups are considered to be patients who do not respond to electroconvulsive therapy, because both groups continue to exhibit symptoms of severe depression, have a limited number of treatment options available, and are in need of rapid treatment. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has been shown to exert rapid antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression when administered in subanesthetic doses through 40-minute intravenous infusions. Recently, a ketamine compound, esketamine (Spravato), that is administered through the intranasal route received regulatory approval by the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada to treat depression. However, esketamine is challenging to access due to high costs and limited availability. Racemic ketamine (rketamine) is cheap and easy to access; however, the effects in patients who have not responded to electroconvulsive therapy have yet to be understood or tested. This study will use transcranial magnetic stimulation to study mechanisms of human brain cortical physiology at the systemic level to identify neurobiomarkers of response.ObjectiveThe objective of this open-label pilot clinical trial is to test the feasibility and safety of intranasal ketamine in patients who have not responded to electroconvulsive therapy. The primary outcome is to determine the feasibility of a larger randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of intranasal ketamine for patients who have not responded to electroconvulsive therapy for clinical indicators in unipolar depression. The secondary outcome is to determine the preliminary effects of an intervention on clinical outcomes, such as depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and quality of living. The third outcome is to explore neurophysiological changes as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation electromyography and electroencephalography to measure changes in cortical excitability as potential predictors of clinical response.MethodsA sterile solution of racemic ketamine hydrochloride will be administered twice per week for 4 weeks (8 sessions) intranasally to patients with treatment-resistant depression who did not respond to or could not tolerate an acute course of electroconvulsive therapy. We will recruit 25 adults (24-65 years old) over the course of 2 years from an academic psychiatric hospital in Toronto, Canada.ResultsThis study has received ethics approval, and funding has been secured. The study is currently active.ConclusionsThis is the first study to test repeated doses of intranasal rketamine in patients who have not responded to electroconvulsive therapy for depression. Results from this study will (1) inform the development of a larger adequately powered randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of intranasal ketamine for depression and (2) determine potential neurophysiological markers of clinical response.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials.gov NCT05137938; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05137938International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/30163

Study on Mechanism and Application of High Concentrations of Nitrite-Induced Specific Color Fading

Nitrite and edible salt are easy to confuse for their similar appearance and taste, thus possibly causing nitrite poisoning. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to figure out how to screen high concentrations of nitrite, how to discriminate NaNO₂ and NaCl, and how to accurately quantify high concentrations of nitrite. In this study, the phenomenon of high concentrations of nitrite fading to orange-yellow color in colorimetric solution of naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride was studied and accurately quantified by dilution colorimetry. It is to prevent false negative detection while NaCl presented no such phenomenon. Through spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid mass spectrometry, we discovered that the principle of high concentrations of nitrite fading to orange-yellow after colorimetry was that high concentrations of nitrite nitrosated azo compounds and naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride in hydrochloric acid medium. This principle can make the solution appear orange-yellow while had almost no matrix interference and this demonstrates no difference in food and water. We thus argue that this principle can be used for the screening of high concentrations of nitrite, and discriminating NaNO₂ and NaCl to prevent poisoning events caused by misuses. In this sense, we believe the principle in question has a high applying value and is worth promoting. It can be made into a commercial hydrochloric acid acidified naphthylethylenediamine hydrochloride solution for further commercialized applications.

Mechanism of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Resistance in Purpureocillium lilacinum Strains.

Purpureocillium lilacinum has been recently found to contaminate a 20% (200,000 μg/mL) aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) . We aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the resistance of P. lilacinum to PHMB. First, we induced the PHMB-resistant (IR) strains IFM 67050 (IR) and IFM 65838 (IR) from the type strain P. lilacinum CBS 284.36T via cultivation in a medium containing high concentrations of PHMB. We then analyzed the DNA sequences via Illumina sequencing to evaluate the presence of genetic mutations in IFM 65838 (IR) . Further, we established an IFM 65838 (IR) uridine/uracil auxotrophic strain, and using the orotidine-5'-decarboxylase gene, pyrG as a selection marker, we tried to knockout a mutant gene in IFM 65838 (IR) using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing technique. The growth rates of IFM 67050 (IR) and IFM 65838 (IR) in medium containing PHMB increased, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against PHMB also increased. Based on the DNA sequence analysis, we found a nonsynonymous point mutation in the gene PLI-008146 (G779A) in IFM 67050 (IR) and IFM 65838 (IR) . This point mutation leads to site combinations of splicing changes that cause partial sequences deletion (p.Y251_G281del) in the ΔPLI-008146 locus of IFM 65838 (IR) , and deletion sequences include partial adenosine/AMP deaminase motif (PF00962) orthologous to adenosine deaminase (ADA) (GeneBank: OAQ82383.1) . Furthermore, the mutant gene ΔPLI-008146 was successfully knocked out from the resistanceinduced strain using a novel CRISPR-Cas9 gene transformation method. A considerable reduction in growth rate and MIC against PHMB was observed in the absence of the mutant gene. Therefore, ADA may represent an important resistance factor in PHMB-resistant P. lilacinum.

Estabilidade do cloridrato de vancomicina empregado em soluções de selo antimicrobiano de cateteres intravenosos centrais

Abstract Objective: to verify the stability of vancomycin hydrochloride in antimicrobial seal solutions with and without association of heparin sodium according to temperature and association time. Method: an experimental study designed for the analysis of hydrogenionic potential and concentration by means of high-efficiency liquid chromatography of vancomycin hydrochloride (n=06) and vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium (n=06). The solutions studied were submitted to absence of light, as well as to 22°C and 37°C. Analyses in triplicate (n=192) were performed at the initial moment (T0) and three (T3), eight (T8) and 24 hours (T24) after preparation. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05). Results: concentration of the antimicrobial at 22°C presented a reduction (T0-T8) and a subsequent increase (T24); hydrogenionic potential decreased significantly over time. At 37°C, the concentration increased up to T3 and decreased at T24, with a reduction of hydrogenionic potential up to 24 hours. Concentration of the vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium solutions varied with a reduction at 22°C, accompanied by increased hydrogenionic potential. Precipitate formation was observed by visual inspection of the vancomycin hydrochloride-heparin sodium association (T3). Conclusion: pharmacological stability of vancomycin hydrochloride (5 mg/mL) and physical incompatibility with heparin sodium (100 IU/mL) were evidenced after three hours of association in the antimicrobial seal solutions studied.

Stability of vancomycin hydrochloride employed in antimicrobial seal solutions of central intravenous catheters.

to verify the stability of vancomycin hydrochloride in antimicrobial seal solutions with and without association of heparin sodium according to temperature and association time. an experimental study designed for the analysis of hydrogenionic potential and concentration by means of high-efficiency liquid chromatography of vancomycin hydrochloride (n=06) and vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium (n=06). The solutions studied were submitted to absence of light, as well as to 22°C and 37°C. Analyses in triplicate (n=192) were performed at the initial moment (T0) and three (T3), eight (T8) and 24 hours (T24) after preparation. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05). concentration of the antimicrobial at 22°C presented a reduction (T0-T8) and a subsequent increase (T24); hydrogenionic potential decreased significantly over time. At 37°C, the concentration increased up to T3 and decreased at T24, with a reduction of hydrogenionic potential up to 24 hours. Concentration of the vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium solutions varied with a reduction at 22°C, accompanied by increased hydrogenionic potential. Precipitate formation was observed by visual inspection of the vancomycin hydrochloride-heparin sodium association (T3). pharmacological stability of vancomycin hydrochloride (5 mg/mL) and physical incompatibility with heparin sodium (100 IU/mL) were evidenced after three hours of association in the antimicrobial seal solutions studied.

In Vitro Study of Doxorubicin Nanomedicine for Gastric Cancer Cells

In order to study the performance of doxorubicin nanomedicine on gastric cancer cells, the prepared mesoporous silica nanoparticle samples and the doxorubicin hydrochloride solution samples of different concentrations were synthesized and prepared to concentrations of 0.01 mg/ml and 0.03 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.07 mg/ml and 0.09 mg/ml respectively. Doxorubicin hydrochloride-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles samples were applied to the cultured gastric cancer cells. Through transmission electron microscope, specific surface area and pore size distribution analyzer, ultraviolet spectrophotometer and other instruments, test the morphology, surface area, pore volume and average pore size, drug release performance and adsorption of mesoporous silica nanoparticles samples loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride- desorption performance, drug loading, drug loading and encapsulation rate, and gastric cancer cell survival rate, etc., so as to conduct in vitro research and analysis of doxorubicin drugs for gastric cancer cells. The test results show that mesoporous silica nanoparticles samples are suitable for drug delivery, with high drug loading and encapsulation rate and drug controlled release effect as the acidity of the buffer increases, it is beneficial to the release of drugs in the slightly acidic environment of the tumor site; mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the drug loading of the sample after three times of ultrafiltration is about 55 % and the encapsulation efficiency is above 90 %; as the sample concentration increases, the survival rate of gastric cancer cells gradually decreases. This shows that doxorubicin nanomedicine can be used to inhibit gastric cancer cells and can assist in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Study on ultrasonic / hydraulic cavitation field for enhanced degradation of ceflor masonry in water

Based on ultrasonic cavitation, with low concentration of levofloxacin hydrochloride solution and cavitation product analysis, the degradation rules of levofloxacin hydrochloride were studied by ultrasonic, zero valent iron and zero valence iron (US / Fe0). The results showed that zero-valent iron promotes the degradation of levofloxacin hydrochloride solution by ultrasonic cavitation, and the degradation reaction fits the first-order reaction kinetic model, with a degradation rate constant of 6.3710-3min-1. Under the reaction conditions, the biodegradability of levofloxacin hydrochloride solution was significantly improved, and after 270min minutes of the reaction, the solution BOD5 / CODcr was increased from 0 to 0.421.

Neural Therapy in a multidrug-resistant urinary tract infection in a cat: case report

Urinary tract infection is a frequent condition in companion animals, where several pathogens may be involved, among them, multidrug-resistant agents to antimicrobials, making their treatment difficult. In this context, adjuvant therapies can be indicated to assist in the treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to report the antimicrobial action of a solution containing procaine hydrochloride associated with sodium bicarbonate, intravesically administered, in a male feline (domestic cat) with urinary tract infection due to multidrug-resistant microorganism. The cat with a history of urinary infection developed after urethrostomy was attended. The animal was receiving treatment with the antimicrobial amoxicillin with clavulanate, however, without positive clinical and laboratory response. After performing urine culture and antibiogram, where the microorganism Proteus mirabilis resistant to 18 classes of tested antimicrobials was isolated, an intravesical application of 2.0 mL of 0.7% procaine solution plus sodium bicarbonate was performed. After seven days of this application, a new urine culture and antibiogram were performed, which did not show any growth of microorganisms. It is concluded that the 0.7% procaine hydrochloride solution associated with intravesical sodium bicarbonate showed antimicrobial action against multi-resistant Proteus mirabilis, which causes urinary infection in a cat.

New insights into flotation mechanism of diasporic bauxite from a perspective of liquid film drainage

Froth flotation is an effective way to remove silicon and upgrade quality for diasporic bauxite, but its underlying mechanism on microscopic-scale mineral-bubble interaction was poorly understood. In this study, the collision processes of valuable mineral diaspore and main gangue mineral kaolinite with bubbles in collector solution of sodium oleate (NaOL) and dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAH) were recorded to analyze drainage rate of the liquid film (LF). The collector adsorption rate constant and the maximum value of LF drainage rate corresponding to each mineral before and after pretreatment by sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) were fitted by an established model. The results showed that NaOL and DAH both can promote LF drainage between the minerals and bubbles, the difference lies in the relationship of drainage rate in NaOL solution was diaspore greater than kaolinite and the opposite in DAH solution. Although SHMP pretreatment has depression effect on collector adsorption rate and LF drainage rate of both minerals in the two solutions, low-dose SHMP can effectively inhibit these parameters of kaolinite in NaOL solution, while effective inhibition for those of diaspore requires high-dose SHMP in DAH solution. The influence mechanism of SHMP in the two systems was further analyzed through active sites difference on minerals interfaces. The present work provides new insight into the underlying mechanism of direct and reverse flotation of diasporic bauxite from the perspective of LF drainage, which will facilitate the targeted development of new collectors in the future.

Ultralow friction polymer composites containing highly dispersed and thermally robust microcapsules

The heat-resisting property of microcapsules as additives directly determine the selection of matrix materials and the molding process of composite materials, which greatly affect the comprehensive properties of materials. In this research, thermally robust polyimide (PI) was used as shell material to synthesize microcapsules by solvent evaporation method, and the synthesized microcapsules were treated by soaking them in dopamine hydrochloride solution for improving their dispersion property in the matrix. The SEM and infrared spectra results showed that the PAO (Poly alpha olefins)@PI microcapsules with the dimeter of ~ 20 µm and the oil content of 60 wt% were successfully coated with polydopamine (PDA) shells. It was demonstrated that the strong electrostatic repulsion of PDA structure made the microcapsules better dispersed in the epoxy resin, so as to play a better role in lubrication, thus resulting in a COF (Coefficient of friction) decrease of composite from 0.108 to 0.038. The high temperature lubrication performance of composites was also investigated and the experimental results shown that the PAO@PI/PDA microcapsules could provide high lubrication performance with a low COF(0.074) at 190 ℃.

Endotelial dysfunction in condition of neoplastic intoxication

In patients with cancer, the risk of pulmonary embolism increases 4-7 times compared to other patients of the same age and similar concomitant diseases. The greatest risk exists after surgery and during chemotherapy. An increase in the risk of thrombosis in cancer patients is a multifactorial complex phenomenon, the causes of which are an increase in the number of platelets, changes in the rheological properties of blood, as well as reactive structural changes in the vascular wall, valves and endotheliocytes. The latter factor of pathogenesis is insufficiently studied and is not used to assess the risks of thrombosis and prevent thrombosis in cancer patients. However, this topic is promising in the search for opportunities to study the pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism, and, accordingly, to assess the risks in different groups of patients and methods of prevention and options for clinical tactics in cases of venous thrombosis.Objective. To find out the dynamics of the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, in particular the activity of phospholipase and catalase in experimental neoplastic intoxication. Material and methods. For the experiment, 12 sexually mature nonlinear male rats with a body weight of 170-180 g were selected. by injecting 7.2 mg/kg into the rat interscapular area at the rate of 0.1 ml of dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride (DMG) solution 1.2 – DMG (SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE, Japan, D161802 series), previously diluted with isotonic sodium chloride solution per 10 grams of rat body weight, a tumor was modeled intoxication. On day 30 of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and the material of the venous wall of the lower extremities was studied for the morphological structure of the vascular wall.Results and Discussion. Morphological examination of the drug revealed platelet thinning, desquamation and microscopic reorganization of endotheliocytes, focal loss of endothelial layer integrity, and wavy thickening of the intima. This complex of phenomena can be the basis of the pathogenesis of thrombosis in combination with a violation of hemodynamics and rheological properties of blood. On day 30 of the experiment, a morphological study of the drug was performed on the venous wall of rats.Conclusions. Changes that were detected after modeling chronic tumor intoxication include endothelium changes in the form of desquamation and reorganization, violation of the integrity of the endothelial layer, wavy thickening of the intima, fibrotic changes in all the membranes of the vessel.

Effect of moxibustion combined with benazepril on expression of IL-18 and phosphorylated protein kinase B in myocardial tissue of rats with chronic heart failure

To observe the effect of moxibustion combined with benazepril on cardiac function and expression levels of myocardial interleukin-18(IL-18), phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt) in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF), so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in improvement of CHF. Fifty male rats were randomly divided into normal, model, moxibustion, benazepril and moxibustion+benazepril groups (n=10 rats per group). The CHF model was established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin hydrochloride solution (DOX, 2.5 mg/kg) twice a week for 4 weeks. After successful modeling, the rats in the normal and model groups were fed with normal diet, and fixed on a rat plate for 20 min each time without any treatment. Mild moxibustion was applied to bilateral "Feishu" (BL13) and "Xinshu" (BL15) for 20 min each time, for 3 weeks in the moxibustion and moxibustion+benazepril groups. Rats of the benazepril and moxibustion+benazepril groups received gavage of benazepril (2 mg/kg) once daily for 3 weeks. The general behaviors of rats were observed. The ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular diameter shortening (FS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVIDs), heart rate (HR) and ventricular septal thickness (IVS) were examined by echocardiography. The content of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and expression levels of myocardial IL-18, p-Akt were detected by Western blot. Compared with the normal group, the EF, FS, IVS, and myocardial p-Akt expression level were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the LVIDd, LVIDs, HR, and serum NT-proBNP content and myocardial IL-18 expression level were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). In comparison with the model group, the EF, FS, IVS, and myocardial p-Akt were remarkably up-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the LVIDd, LVIDs, HR, serum NT-proBNP content, and myocardial IL-18 expression level were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the moxibustion, benazepril, and moxibustion+benazepril groups. Compared with the moxibustion+benazepr group, the levels of LVIDs, HR, serum NT-proBNP and myocardial IL-18 expression were obviously higher (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the levels of EF, FS, IVS and p-Akt were significantly lower in the moxibustion and benazepril groups (P<0.01). Moxibustion combined with benazepril improves cardiac function in CHF rats, and is superior to simple moxibustion and simple benazepril in reducing IL-18 expression and increasing p-Akt expression in myocardial tissue.

Investigations on thermophysical properties of glycine and glycylglycine in aqueous betaine hydrochloride solutions at different temperatures

Density (ρ), ultrasonic velocity (u) and viscosity (η) for an amino acid (glycine) and a dipeptide (glycylglycine) in aqueous and (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) mol kg−1 binary aqueous betaine hydrochloride media at six different temperatures, T = (293.15–318.15) K and under atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) have been determined. Various volumetric, compressibility and rheological parameters such as apparent molar parameters (Vϕ, Kϕ,s), partial molar parameters (V0ϕ, K0ϕ,s), transfer parameters (V0ϕ,tr,K0ϕ,s,tr,Btr) viscosity coefficients (A and B), hydration number (nH) etc. have been computed from the experimentally measured data. The structure breaking ability of each solute has been examined through the negative sign of Hepler’s constant (∂E0ϕ/∂T)p values and a positive sign of dBdT (temperature derivative of B-coefficient) values. Moreover, the cosphere overlap model has been employed for the comprehension of different sorts of intermolecular interactions predominating in the studied ternary solutions.

Copper Electroless Metallization of Cellulose Paper via Polydopamine Coating and Silver Catalyst.

The paper presents the results of copper electroless metallization of cellulose paper with the use of a polydopamine coating and silver catalyst. The polydopamine coating was deposited via a simple dip method using a dopamine hydrochloride solution in 10 mM TRIS-HCl buffer with a pH of 8.5. The research showed that as a result of this process, cellulose fibers were covered with a homogeneous layer of polydopamine. The unique properties of the polydopamine coating allowed the reduction of silver ions from silver nitrate solution and the deposition of silver atoms on the paper surface. Deposited silver served as a catalyst in the autocatalytic electroless copper-plating process. The copper layer covered the entire surface of the paper sheet after 5 min of metallization, favorably affecting the electrical properties of this material by lowering the surface resistivity. The deposited copper layer was further characterized by good adhesive strength and high susceptibility to deformation.