Solution For Wastewater Treatment Research Articles

Potential of phragmites australis in vertical flow constructed wetland for heavy metals removal from urban wastewater

ABSTRACT Constructed wetlands (CWs) have emerged as effective biotechnological solutions for wastewater treatment in recent decades. While plants are recognized components of these systems, their specific role in nutrient and heavy metal (HM) uptake warrants further investigation. This study assesses the efficacy of a vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) unit planted with Phragmites australis in treating HM-laden wastewater. Through standard methods, wastewater samples from inlet and outlet were analyzed for HMs (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu), alongside plant and sediment samples. Planted CWs demonstrated remarkable removal efficiencies: 89.34% for Cd, 76.27% for Zn, 68.14% for Cu, and 66.42% for Pb, surpassing unplanted systems (18.27% to 33.16% removal). Notably, P. australis exhibited strategic pollutant absorption, with highest HM concentrations below-ground. Though above-ground HM accumulation was relatively minor, it exceeded soil concentrations. Analysis of accumulation factors confirmed roots and rhizomes as primary bio-accumulators, with transfer factor values (Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu) indicating efficient uptake. These findings underscore the pivotal role of P. australis in enhancing HM removal within VFCW systems, emphasizing the importance of plant-based strategies in HM remediation. Recommendations include further exploration of plant-assisted methods to optimize HM treatment in CWs.

Semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels for effective removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater: a comprehensive investigation of performance and adsorption mechanism

Abstract The escalating issue of environmental pollutants necessitates efficient, sustainable, and innovative wastewater treatment technologies. This review comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms and isotherms underlying the adsorption processes of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) polysaccharide-based hydrogels to remove heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Polysaccharides are extensively utilized in hydrogel synthesis due to their biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxic nature. The synthesis of these hydrogels as semi-IPNs enhances their mechanical and structural robustness and adsorption capacity. This review explores the key parameters affecting adsorption performance, including pH, temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. Findings highlight that semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels exhibit remarkable adsorption capabilities through electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, and surface complexation. Furthermore, this review highlights the distinct advantages of semi-IPNs over other polymer networks. Semi-IPNs offer improved mechanical stability, higher adsorption efficiencies, and better reusability, making them a promising solution for wastewater treatment. Detailed isotherm models, including Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were studied to understand these hydrogels’ adsorption behavior and capacity for different pollutants. This study highlights the potential of semi-IPN polysaccharide-based hydrogels as effective adsorbents for heavy metals and dyes and as a promising solution for mitigating environmental pollution. The insights provided herein contribute to developing advanced materials for environmental remediation, aligning with global sustainability goals, and advancing wastewater treatment technology.

Synergic treatment of domestic wastewater and food waste in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor demo plant: Process performance, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions

Ambient operation and large-scale demonstration have limited the implementation and evaluation of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for low-strength wastewater treatment. Here, we studied these issues at an AnMBR demo plant that treats domestic wastewater and food waste together at ambient temperatures (7–28 °C). At varied hydraulic retention times (HRTs, 8–42 h), the AnMBR achieved a COD removal efficiency and biogas production of 80.4% ± 3.9% and 66.5 ± 9.4 NL/m3-Influent, respectively. Moreover, a stable high membrane flux of 14.4 L/m2/h was reached. The electric energy consumption for the AnMBR operation was 0.269–0.433 kW·h/m3, and 49.4%–91.3% could be compensated by the electric energy produced from methane production. At an HRT of 10 h, the AnMBR system demonstrated an impressively low net electric energy consumption of merely 0.05 kW·h/m3, resulting in a net greenhouse gas emission of 0.015 CO2-eq/m3, cutting 85% compared to the conventional activated sludge process. Achievements in this study provide key parameters for the ambient operation of AnMBR and demonstrate that AnMBR is an energy-saving and low-carbon solution for low-strength wastewater treatment.

Optimalisasi Limbah Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis L.f) Sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat Kobalt (Co) dengan Metode Aktivasi Kimia

Teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.), a high-quality wood commonly used in Indonesia, specifically in the Cilegon area, has the potential to be used as an alternative to reduce environmental pollution. This research aimed to test teak wood sawdust waste as an adsorbent for cobalt heavy metal, create activated charcoal from the sawdust waste for the same purpose, and determine the optimal conditions for treatment with and without chemical activation. Industrial waste samples were found to contain 50.7 ppm of cobalt metal through ICPS testing. Activated chemical adsorption, without activation and with industrial wastewater mixture, resulted in a decrease in cobalt metal concentration by 78.2% or 11.08 ppm. The optimal conditions for activated chemical adsorption were found at a pH of 5, an adsorbent mass of 600 mg, and a time of 40 minutes, resulting in decreases of 60.9% (21.2751 ppm), 71% (15.7821 ppm) and 67.7% (17.5812 ppm), respectively. The results show that teak wood sawdust waste can effectively adsorb cobalt heavy metal, providing a potential solution for industrial wastewater treatment.

Harnessing wood bottom ash for efficient arsenic removal from wastewater: Adsorption mechanisms and process optimisation

This study explored the innovative application of wood bottom ash (WBA) as an adsorbent for arsenic (As) removal from wastewater, focusing on the adsorption mechanism and optimisation of the operational conditions. Comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including FE-SEM/EDS, BET, XRF, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS, were performed to examine the elemental and mineralogical changes in WBA before and after As adsorption. The study assessed the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, revealing that As adsorption reached equilibrium within 48 h, with a maximum capacity of 121.13 mg/g. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and aligned well with the Langmuir isotherm, indicating that the process is governed by chemisorption and occurs as monolayer adsorption. The primary removal mechanism was the surface precipitation of amorphous calcium arsenate. Response surface methodology was employed to analyse and optimise the factors influencing As removal, including solution pH, ionic strength, adsorbent dose and reaction time. The optimal conditions for maximum As removal were pH 7.11, 8.37 mM ionic strength, 9.08 g/L WBA dose, and 2.58 h reaction time. This study offers novel insights into the efficient and cost-effective use of WBA for As removal, highlighting its potential as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment in developing countries.

Degradation Acyclovir Using Sodium Hypochlorite: Focus on Byproducts Analysis, Optimal Conditions and Wastewater Application.

In recent years, the environmental impact of pharmaceutical residues has emerged as a pressing global concern, catalyzed by their widespread usage and persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Among these pharmaceuticals, acyclovir (ACV) stands out due to its extensive prescription during medical treatments for herpes simplex virus, chickenpox, and shingles, as well as its heightened usage amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. ACV is excreted largely unchanged by the human body, leading to significant environmental release through wastewater effluents. The urgency of addressing ACV's environmental impact lies in its potential to persist in water bodies and affect aquatic life. This persistence underscores the critical need for effective degradation strategies that can mitigate its presence in aquatic systems. This study focuses on employing sodium hypochlorite as an oxidative agent for the degradation of ACV, leveraging its common use in wastewater treatment plants. Our research aims to explore the kinetics of ACV degradation, identify and characterize its degradation byproducts, and optimize the conditions under which complete degradation can be achieved. By assessing the efficiency of sodium hypochlorite in real wastewater samples, this study seeks to provide practical insights into mitigating ACV contamination in aquatic environments. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to understanding the degradation pathways of ACV and evaluating the feasibility of using sodium hypochlorite as a sustainable solution in wastewater treatment. By addressing the environmental concerns associated with ACV and offering practical solutions, this study contributes to the broader goal of sustainable pharmaceutical waste management and environmental stewardship.

Electrochemical Approaches for Enhanced Phosphorus Recovery from Synthetic Animal Wastewater: A Comparative Analysis of Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks

Electrochemical recovery from animal wastewater is a novel and comprehensive strategy needed in the effort to develop sustainable technology and nutrient delivery solutions, with an emphasis on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) components. This research study addresses critical global environmental sustainability challenges associated with waste by contributing to the evolving conversation on nutrient recovery by using synthetic animal wastewater (SAW) as a substrate. This approach presents a viable solution for wastewater treatment and aligns with the sustainable management of water and energy resources.This research utilized a Box-Behnken experimental design framework formulated with the aid of Minitab Statistical Software. The constructed design laid out a series of experimental runs (comprising 12 distinct conditions, each replicated twice, along with five central points) to explore the influence of three different variables (Mg:Ca molar ratio, N:P molar ratio, and temperature), each at three distinct levels, on phosphorus removal efficiency. The relationship between these three variables and the removal efficiency was then investigated using two distinct modeling methods: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). ANN, part of machine learning, involves developing a model that learns from experimental data using a network of neurons for training and validation. This allows the ANN to address complex, nonlinear relationships between variables effectively. Conversely, based on statistical analysis, RSM focused on understanding the interactions between the multiple factors, using designed experiments to build a model. Employing both methods leveraged ANN's prowess in handling nonlinearity and RSM's strength in experimental design and optimization, offering a comprehensive approach to enhance P removal efficiency from SAW. The combination of these approaches provided a deep insight into the dynamics of the process, aiding in the effective optimization of the removal response.However, at optimal conditions, the ANN model predicted a higher P removal efficiency (66%) than RSM (45%). The precision of the ANN predictions was reflected in the minimal error margins with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 2.4, suggesting the robustness of this model in predicting the optimal conditions for P removal compared to the RSM, with an RMSE of 4.7. These findings underscore the potential of employing ANN and RSM to enhance the phosphorus removal process in wastewater treatment applications and show how ANN gives better predictions than RSM. Additional details will be presented at the meeting, including experimental data, regression models, and neural networks.

Efficient electrochemical degradation of ranitidine by a novel Bi-coated titanium oxide electrode: Performance and mechanism

Ranitidine (RAN) is a commonly prescribed medication that poses ecological risks due to its potential to transform into the carcinogenic byproduct N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the environment. Herein, we synthesized a novel bismuth-coated titanium oxide (Bi-Ti4O7) electrode using a straightforward coating method and evaluated its effectiveness in the electrochemical oxidation of RAN. The Bi-Ti4O7 electrode achieved a degradation efficiency of 90.41 % for an initial RAN concentration of 10 mg/L within 120 min, greatly outperforming the pristine Ti4O7 electrode. The incorporation of Bi enhances the oxygen vacancies and charge transfer characteristics, facilitating direct electron transfer between RAN and the Bi-Ti4O7 electrode. The potential degradation pathways of RAN by the Bi-Ti4O7 electrode included CS bond cleavage, CN bond cleavage, and electrophilic oxidation. No NDMA was generated during the oxidation process, and the toxicity of RAN oxidation intermediates was greatly reduced. The Bi-Ti4O7 electrode demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining over 90 % degradation efficiency across 30 cycles, and showed wide applicability across different pH levels and wastewater types with negligible Bi ion release (0.148 µg/L). These results underscore the potential of Bi-Ti4O7 as an effective and sustainable solution for RAN-polluted wastewater treatment.

Fabrication and performance evaluation of polyethersulfone membranes with varying compositions of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol for textile wastewater treatment using MBR

Various industries polluting the water bodies by discharging untreated wastewater directly into the environment and conventional wastewater treatments are often insufficient for effectively treating the pollutants. However, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) offer a promising solution for wastewater treatment where membrane serving as the heart of the system. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) was used as the membrane material and hydrophilicity of the membranes were tuned up by mixing with hydrophilic additives such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the membranes have shown promising results in treating wastewater, particularly in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and color removal. For example, PES-PEG membrane demonstrated COD, BOD, and color removal of 96 %, 94 %, and 92 %, respectively while those were 95 %, 94 %, and 92 %, respectively for PES-based commercial membrane. Although the performances of fabricated membranes were comparable to that of commercial membrane in COD, BOD, and color removal efficiencies, there is room for improvement in permeate yields. Notably, the average permeate efficiency for MBR modules produced with PES-3PEG and PES-5PVP membranes was recorded as 47 % (18 L/m2h) and 13 % (5 L/m2h) respectively of the commercial membrane (38 L/m2h). Despite the variance in permeate yields, the fabricated membranes also showcased significant efficacy in removing microorganisms, a crucial aspect of wastewater treatment. Their performance in this regard proved highly comparable to that of the commercial membrane, emphasizing the potential of these fabricated membranes in enhancing the wastewater treatment.

Situbondo communal waste management study: application of the anaerobic baffled reactor method at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic boarding school

Background : This study examines the planning of a communal wastewater treatment plant (IPAL) at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School, Situbondo Regency, using the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) method. Methods: This study uses the ABR method supported by literature studies as the basis for the preparation of the writing. The study also involved observation and field observation. Findings: (1) the domestic wastewater discharge generated by 4,410 people or 74 rooms is 364,408 m³/day, while the non-domestic wastewater discharge is 0.20 m³/day, bringing the total wastewater discharge to 364,608 m³/day. (2) The ABR method was chosen because it has several advantages, such as relatively small land requirements, ease of construction, operation and maintenance, no need for electrical energy, and more efficient costs. (3) The dimensions of each ABR compartment were designed to be 11.4 m long, 2.3 m wide, and 2.6 m high, which ensures even distribution of wastewater and effective treatment. Conclusion: The three research results led to the author's understanding that the ABR method is a suitable and efficient solution for wastewater treatment at Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School. For further planning, it is recommended to conduct detailed calculations regarding the Wastewater Management System (WMS) and consider the use of alternative methods such as Constructed Wetland or Anaerobic Filter Reactor, especially considering the area of the pesantren which is surrounded by rice fields. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study offers an innovative solution for wastewater treatment in Islamic boarding school environments by applying the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) method. This study not only designs an efficient and cost-effective system but also considers the specific context of Islamic boarding schools, paving the way for applying environmentally friendly technologies in Islamic educational institutions.

Continuous peroxymonosufate activation for antibiotics degradation via fluorine-free-Ti3C2Tx-CoFe2O4 hydrogel beads: Performance, mechanism and application

This study explored the efficient, stable, and continuous treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater through rapid electron transfer between layered fluorine-free Ti3C2Tx and CoFe2O4 nanomicrospheres. These materials were synthesized into hydrogel beads crosslinked with sodium alginate, resulting high reactivity and stability. Ff-Ti3C2Tx-CoFe2O4 catalyst facilitated peroxymonosufate (PMS) activation through rapid electron transfer and the formation of Ff-Ti3C2Tx-CoFe2O4-PMS* species, as confirmed by experiments and DFT calculations. The cleavage of the S-O bond on Ff-Ti3C2Tx-CoFe2O4 catalyst identified as the primary mechanism for the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). In a continuous flow system, the degradation efficiency of antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX), remained above 96.9 % with ultra-low metal leaching (<1.3 μg·L−1, 72 h). This research provides significant insights into the practical application of PMS activation for antibiotic degradation, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment.

Enhanced prednisone removal by catalytic wet air oxidation using sewage sludge derived catalyst

Sewage sludge-based catalysts have been used for the first time for the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of prednisone, a glucocorticoid pharmaceutical pollutant present in various aquatic environmental matrices. This research focuses on transforming dry sludge into carbonaceous catalysts through pyrolysis and post-treatment. Various parameters have been considered for the synthesis, finding that pyrolysis temperature and acid washing are determinant for specific surface area development. The sewage sludge derived catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity in the CWAO of prednisone (Dcat= 0.3 g·L−1, T= 100 °C, P= 15 bar). The development of porosity enhances their catalytic properties, the C-750-N catalysts demonstrated the highest activity for prednisone with 66 % TOC reduction, initial reaction rate 0.0092 mg·s−1 and 66 % CO2 selectivity. The study provides valuable insights into the synthesis, characterization, and application of sewage sludge-derived catalysts, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment and pharmaceutical pollutant removal. Our present study indicates that catalysts with unique reforming properties may be potentially applicable for prednisone treatment and industrial applications.

Plant species influences the composition of root system microbiome and its antibiotic resistance profile in a constructed wetland receiving primary treated wastewater.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based solutions for wastewater treatment where the root system microbiome plays a key role in terms of nutrient and pollutant removal. Nonetheless, little is known on plant-microbe interactions and bacterial population selection in CWs, which are mostly characterized in terms of engineering aspects. Here, cultivation-independent and cultivation-based analyses were applied to study the bacterial communities associated to the root systems of Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis co-occurring in the same cell of a CW receiving primary treated wastewaters. Two endophytic bacteria collections (n = 156) were established aiming to find novel strains for microbial-assisted phytodepuration, however basing on their taxonomy the possible use of these strains was limited by their low degrading potential and/or for risks related to the One-Health concept. A sharp differentiation arose between the P. australis and T. domingensis collections, mainly represented by lactic acid bacteria (98%) and Enterobacteriaceae (69%), respectively. Hence, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to disentangle the microbiome composition in the root system fractions collected at increasing distance from the root surface. Both the fraction type and the plant species were recognized as drivers of the bacterial community structure. Moreover, differential abundance analysis revealed that, in all fractions, several bacteria families were significantly and differentially enriched in P. australis or in T. domingensis. CWs have been also reported as interesting options for the removal of emerging contaminants (e.g, antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs). In this study, ARGs were mostly present in the rhizosphere of both plant species, compared to the other analyzed fractions. Notably, qPCR data showed that ARGs (i.e., ermB, bla TEM, tetA) and intl1 gene (integrase gene of the class 1 integrons) were significantly higher in Phragmites than Typha rhizospheres, suggesting that macrophyte species growing in CWs can display a different ability to remove ARGs from wastewater. Overall, the results suggest the importance to consider the plant-microbiome interactions, besides engineering aspects, to select the most suitable species when designing phytodepuration systems.

Sea Purslane's (Sesuvium portulacastrum) role in nutrient removal and microbial community dynamics of the mariculture wastewater bioremediation systems

The development of intensive mariculture requires effective wastewater treatment solutions, and mariculture wastewater bioremediation systems (MWBSs) are increasingly used for this purpose. One important part of these systems is the macrophyte unit. In this study, we established a MWBS consisting of four sections: sedimentation, biofilm, shellfish, and macrophytes, to investigate the role of sea purslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum) in nutrient removal and microbial community dynamics through controlled experiments (CE) and in situ observations (ISO). Our findings revealed the removal rates of CODMn in the low-density and high-density groups were 45.18 ± 5.42% and 48.25 ± 5.70% in CE, respectively. Furthermore, the removal rate of CODMn in the ISO was 85.28 ± 4.09%. Sea purslane notably enhanced microbial diversity and overall species count in the water. The bacterial community experienced three successional stages in the water and demonstrated more stability in the root system in CE. The stochastic processes were critical in shaping the community assembly. The bacterial dispersal in sea purslane treatment groups was higher than in the control group. Importantly, stochastic processes contributed more to the microbial community in the root system. Furthermore, the influence of stochastic processes was stronger in ISO than in CE. Therefore, it is speculated that the sea purslane demonstrated a substantial impact on microbial community structure and exhibited positive effects on wastewater nutrient removal. This study provided a reference for optimizing treatment areas within comprehensive wastewater treatment systems.

Bioenergy generation and wastewater treatment with nickel pyrophosphate as a novel cathode catalyst in single-chamber microbial fuel cells

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer an attractive solution for wastewater treatment integrated with sustainable energy generation. This study assesses nickel pyrophosphate (Ni2P2O7) as a novel cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction in single-chamber MFCs. Ni2P2O7 was synthesized via hydrothermal methods and thermally treated, with its structure and morphology confirmed by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA analyses. The Ni2P2O7-based MFCs achieved a peak power density of 499 mW/m³ and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 60 %. These findings, combined with the low cost of Ni2P2O7, suggest its potential as an effective and economical alternative to noble metal catalysts, encouraging further optimization for industrial applications.

Sustainable removal of methylene blue dye from textile effluents by magnetized Tea waste and Peanut shells

Methylene blue finds numerous applications across various industries but its prolonged exposure to living organisms can result in significant health risks. In this study, the adsorption of magnetized Peanut shells and Tea waste for methylene blue dye removal has been reported. The biosorbents were synthesized by co-precipitation method and their suitability for methylene blue adsorption was confirmed through characterization techniques including Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. After optimizing for pH (8.0), temperature (312 k), biosorbents dosage 25 mg/L with contact periods (35 min for Tea waste@Fe3O4 and 40 min for Peanut shells@Fe3O4), and initial methylene blue concentrations (5 ppm), the removal percentages of 95.88 % for Tea waste@Fe3O4 and 84.11 % for Peanut shells@Fe3O4 were achieved effectively. The equilibrium data for MB dye adsorption fitted well with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99) for Tea waste@Fe3O4 which indicated the formation of monolayer formation of adsorbate at the surface of adsorbent and the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.98) for Peanut shells@Fe3O4 confirmed the multilayers formation of MB dye at the material surface. Kinetic studies specified that both Tea waste@Fe3O4 (R2 = 0.99) and Peanut shells@Fe3O4 (R2 = 0.99) followed the pseudo-second order. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process on Tea waste@Fe3O4 and Peanut shells@Fe3O4 was spontaneous (−ΔG) and endothermic. Tea waste@Fe3O4 exhibited ΔH (27.97 kJ/mol) and entropy ΔS (93.69 kJ/mol) while ΔH = 208.9 kJ/mol and ΔS 62 kJ/mol were found for Peanut shells@Fe3O4. The performance of the proposed biosorbent in industrial effluent demonstrated their effectiveness, highlighting their potential as a cost effective and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment.

Exploring the effective industrial dye pollutants degradation mechanism of MgO-rGO nanocomposites under sunlight as a sustainable and economical wastewater treatment solutions

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:115%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"&gt;&lt;a name="_Hlk169252646"&gt;&lt;span lang="en-AE" style="font-size:12.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="background:white"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:115%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#1a1a1a"&gt;The increasing prevalence of hazardous dye wastewater from the printing and packaging industries poses significant environmental and health challenges. Conventional water treatment technologies often fall short of effectively removing these complex contaminants. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="en-AE" style="font-size:12.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="background:white"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:115%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#1a1a1a"&gt;This study explores the formulation of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles using &lt;i&gt;Helianthus annuus&lt;/i&gt; (sunflower) leaf extracts and their integration with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form MgO-rGO nanocomposites. The biosynthesis method employed is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized for their physicochemical properties, including structural, morphological, and optical characteristics. The photocatalytic commotion of these nanocomposites was assessed through the deprivation of cationic Rhodamine B and anionic Brilliant Blue dyes under sunlight irradiation. The results highlight the potential of MgO-rGO nanocomposites as effective photocatalysts for industrial wastewater treatment, exhibits an effectual resolution for the printing and packaging industry. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Nanomaterials as Next-Gen Corrosion Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review for Ceramic Wastewater Treatment

This study reviews the use of corrosion inhibitors in industrial wastewater treatment, specifically in ceramic wastewater. It discusses the main problem limits the use of treated wastewater, which is corrosion behavior. To reduce this behavior and enable safe reuse of industrial wastewater, corrosion inhibitors are used. The study aims to provide insights into the selection, use, and effectiveness of corrosion inhibitor types in the media under study. The results can help engineers, researchers, and wastewater treatment professionals to find the best corrosion inhibitors for various municipal wastewater applications, increasing the sustainability and efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. The ceramic industry faces challenges in managing complex aqueous effluents generated from mining, shaping, glazing, and manufacturing processes. Nanomaterial-based alternatives, such as titanium nanotubes, zinc oxide nanoparticles, nanoenhanced filters, and stimuli responsive polymer and silica coatings, have emerged as promising next-generation corrosion inhibitors due to their multilayer passivation and high specific surface area. The analysis focuses on the feasibility of these materials' mechanisms, such as crystal deformation, nucleation hindrance, coating barriers, and passivation improvement, in industrial settings. In conclusion, the use of corrosion inhibitors in industrial wastewater treatment can significantly improve the sustainability and efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. Understanding the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials influence crystal growth modification, deposition kinetics, and passivation performance could lead to more effective and sustainable solutions for industrial wastewater treatment.

The role of microalgae in effective instream agricultural wastewater treatment

ABSTRACT The Egyptian water crisis has encouraged the exploration of innovative solutions for wastewater treatment. One promising approach is using treated agricultural drainage water for its large amount per year and low pollution. There are many methods used for the treatment of wastewater, but this research focused on a new one which is the use of microalgae for in-situ treatment of wastewater, due to its ability to uptake and adsorb pollutants, aerate water, and produce biomass for potential use as a biofuel or fertilizer. Microalgae have shown great potential for removing various pollutants from wastewater, including organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and pathogens. Moreover, the use of microalgae for wastewater treatment can be more cost-effective and sustainable than traditional wastewater treatment methods, which often require large and expensive infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using microalgae for in-situ treatment of agricultural drainage wastewater of Bahr El-Baqar drain. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies were 29% for BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), 46.9% for COD (chemical oxygen demand), 56.1% for TSS (total suspended solids), 31% for HM (Heavy Metal) removal, and 86% increment in DO (Dissolved Oxygen) concentration. This experiment provided evidence that microalgae could be a promising and cost-effective solution for in-situ treatment of agricultural drainage wastewater, with high removal efficiencies for pollutants in wastewater and the potential to reduce the need for constructing large and expensive wastewater treatment plants.

Utilizing recycled pumice and oyster shell waste for cost-effective treatment to mitigate pollutants and toxicity in swine wastewater

Despite the abundant nutrients that could be reutilized in swine wastewater, inadequate wastewater management leads to excessive metals and organic matter, causing environmental impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we recycled waste pumice and oyster shells for the cost-effective treatment and reclamation of swine wastewater. The toxicity of the treated wastewater was assessed using the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and Chinese cabbage Brassica rapa chinensis. Our findings showed significant removal of suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, and heavy metals (As, Cu, Ni, and Zn) from the swine wastewater after treatment with pumice and oyster shells. Moreover, untreated wastewater significantly inhibited the germination of Chinese cabbage, a trend that was reversed in treated wastewater. Both treated and untreated swine wastewater stimulated the growth of Chinese cabbage. Additionally, untreated swine wastewater exhibited high toxicity to the growth and reproduction of C. elegans after 72 hours of exposure, whereas treated wastewater showed notably reduced toxicity. The recycled pumice and oyster shells significantly induced growth and showed no toxicity in Chinese cabbage. These results suggest that pumice and oyster shell waste can effectively reduce environmental toxicity in raw swine wastewater, offering a cost-effective wastewater treatment solution for small-scale pig farms.