The role of microalgae in effective instream agricultural wastewater treatment

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Egyptian water crisis has encouraged the exploration of innovative solutions for wastewater treatment. One promising approach is using treated agricultural drainage water for its large amount per year and low pollution. There are many methods used for the treatment of wastewater, but this research focused on a new one which is the use of microalgae for in-situ treatment of wastewater, due to its ability to uptake and adsorb pollutants, aerate water, and produce biomass for potential use as a biofuel or fertilizer. Microalgae have shown great potential for removing various pollutants from wastewater, including organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and pathogens. Moreover, the use of microalgae for wastewater treatment can be more cost-effective and sustainable than traditional wastewater treatment methods, which often require large and expensive infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using microalgae for in-situ treatment of agricultural drainage wastewater of Bahr El-Baqar drain. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies were 29% for BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), 46.9% for COD (chemical oxygen demand), 56.1% for TSS (total suspended solids), 31% for HM (Heavy Metal) removal, and 86% increment in DO (Dissolved Oxygen) concentration. This experiment provided evidence that microalgae could be a promising and cost-effective solution for in-situ treatment of agricultural drainage wastewater, with high removal efficiencies for pollutants in wastewater and the potential to reduce the need for constructing large and expensive wastewater treatment plants.