Soluble Gases Research Articles

Physical properties and magnetic resonance imaging of the Australian green plum (Buchanania obovata) through maturity and ripening and across locations

The green plum (Buchanania obovata) is a small fruit eaten by Aboriginal people in the northern parts of Australia. The trees grow in remote locations and the fruit has received very little study by Western food science. This study aims to profile and analyse physical characteristics of the green plums as they grow and ripen across multiple locations and harvests. Fruit from four locations, five maturity stages and two harvests were characterised using standard physical measurements, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), moisture content, titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, and ethylene, oxygen and carbon dioxide gas analysis. Results of the physical measurements were analysed with multivariate data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA). This study confirms that the five-stage maturity index has accurately classified the maturity stages in the green plums, how maturity stages can be described with physical parameters and the specific changes that occur between each stage of the maturity process. This study has concluded that green plum is a climacteric fruit and suggest that further studies exploring these characteristics could increase its commercial potential. This report provides valuable characteristics of the green plums as potential products for Indigenous agribusinesses and the food industry.

The Potential of Soluble Gas Stabilization (SGS) Technology in a Simulated Post-Frying Cooling Step of Commercial Fish Cakes.

Soluble gas stabilization (SGS) technology is a novel way to increase the effectiveness of modified atmosphere (MA) packaging. However, SGS can be time-consuming and difficult to include in an existing process. This can be overcome by including CO2 in an existing processing step, such as the product's cooling step. A full factorial design was set up with SGS times (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 h) and temperatures of fish cakes (chilled (0 °C) or during chilling (starting at 85 °C)) as factors. MA-packaged fish cakes were included as a control. The response was headspace gas composition at equilibrium. Headspace gas composition at equilibrium showed significantly (p < 0.05) less dissolved CO2 in hot fish cakes after 0.5 h than in cold cakes. Still, no significant differences were found between hot and cold at 1.0 and 2.0 h. Also, all SGS samples, regardless of time and temperature, had a higher content of CO2 compared to modified atmosphere packaging (MAP).

A model for the absorption rate in electrically charged droplets

Charged droplets are produced by electrosprays or sometimes generated by natural phenomena, and nowadays their application is also investigated as a tool for process intensification in heat and mass transfer processes typical of chemical engineering. This paper analyses the absorption of slightly soluble trace gases into electrically charged droplets: it reports a new mass transfer model taking into account the electrophoretic motion of gas molecules and the possible alteration of the interfacial properties induced by the imposed electric charges. The model is successfully validated against existing experiments on the absorption of SO2 into electrified water droplets. These experiments are useful both for the robustness of data available for the SO2-air-water system and for its significance in atmospheric chemistry and physics, and chemical engineering applications.Considering the same SO2-air-water system as a case study, the model predicts that the absorption rate for a droplet produced with a conventional electrospray is up to 42% faster than that of an uncharged droplet with the same size and morphology, while the electrophoretic drift provides an improvement of the gas-side mass transfer coefficient mainly for droplets finer than 500 µm.

Calcium and bicarbonate signaling pathways have pivotal, resonating roles in matching ATP production to demand.

Mitochondrial ATP production in ventricular cardiomyocytes must be continually adjusted to rapidly replenish the ATP consumed by the working heart. Two systems are known to be critical in this regulation: mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) and blood flow that is tuned by local cardiomyocyte metabolic signaling. However, these two regulatory systems do not fully account for the physiological range of ATP consumption observed. We report here on the identity, location, and signaling cascade of a third regulatory system -- CO2/bicarbonate. CO2 is generated in the mitochondrial matrix as a metabolic waste product of the oxidation of nutrients. It is a lipid soluble gas that rapidly permeates the inner mitochondrial membrane and produces bicarbonate in a reaction accelerated by carbonic anhydrase. The bicarbonate level is tracked physiologically by a bicarbonate-activated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Using structural Airyscan super-resolution imaging and functional measurements we find that sAC is primarily inside the mitochondria of ventricular cardiomyocytes where it generates cAMP when activated by bicarbonate. Our data strongly suggest that ATP production in these mitochondria is regulated by this cAMP signaling cascade operating within the inter-membrane space by activating local EPAC1 (Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP) which turns on Rap1 (Ras-related protein-1). Thus, mitochondrial ATP production is increased by bicarbonate-triggered sAC-signaling through Rap1. Additional evidence is presented indicating that the cAMP signaling itself does not occur directly in the matrix. We also show that this third signaling process involving bicarbonate and sAC activates the mitochondrial ATP production machinery by working independently of, yet in conjunction with, [Ca2+]m-dependent ATP production to meet the energy needs of cellular activity in both health and disease. We propose that the bicarbonate and calcium signaling arms function in a resonant or complementary manner to match mitochondrial ATP production to the full range of energy consumption in ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Dissolved gases in the deep North Atlantic track ocean ventilation processes

Gas exchange between the atmosphere and ocean interior profoundly impacts global climate and biogeochemistry. However, our understanding of the relevant physical processes remains limited by a scarcity of direct observations. Dissolved noble gases in the deep ocean are powerful tracers of physical air-sea interaction due to their chemical and biological inertness, yet their isotope ratios have remained underexplored. Here, we present high-precision noble gas isotope and elemental ratios from the deep North Atlantic (~32°N, 64°W) to evaluate gas exchange parameterizations using an ocean circulation model. The unprecedented precision of these data reveal deep-ocean undersaturation of heavy noble gases and isotopes resulting from cooling-driven air-to-sea gas transport associated with deep convection in the northern high latitudes. Our data also imply an underappreciated and large role for bubble-mediated gas exchange in the global air-sea transfer of sparingly soluble gases, including O2, N2, and SF6. Using noble gases to validate the physical representation of air-sea gas exchange in a model also provides a unique opportunity to distinguish physical from biogeochemical signals. As a case study, we compare dissolved N2/Ar measurements in the deep North Atlantic to physics-only model predictions, revealing excess N2 from benthic denitrification in older deep waters (below 2.9 km). These data indicate that the rate of fixed N removal in the deep Northeastern Atlantic is at least three times higher than the global deep-ocean mean, suggesting tight coupling with organic carbon export and raising potential future implications for the marine N cycle.

Effect of Marine and Land Convection on Wet Scavenging of Ozone Precursors Observed During a SEAC4RS Case Study

AbstractConvective clouds are important for both the vertical redistribution of tropospheric trace gases and the removal, via microphysical scavenging, of soluble trace gas precursors of ozone. We investigate wet scavenging of formaldehyde (CH2O), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH) in quasi‐marine and land convective storms over Texas, USA observed on 18 September 2013 during the 2013 SEAC4RS campaign. Cloud‐resolving simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) were performed to understand the effect of entrainment, scavenging efficiency (SE), and ice physics processes on these trace gases with varying solubility. While marine and land convection can have distinctly different microphysical properties, we did not find significant differences in the SEs of CH2O, H2O2, or CH3OOH. The SEs of 44%–53% for CH2O and 85%–90% for H2O2 are consistent with our previous studies from SEAC4RS and the 2012 DC3 field experiment storms. Using WRF‐Chem simulations, the ice retention factor (rf) for CH2O was determined to be 0.5–0.9, which is higher than found in previous studies. We show that the CH2O rf is higher in airmass and multicell storms than in severe storms and hypothesize that ice shattering may affect CH2O rf values. The CH3OOH SEs (39%–73%) were higher than expected from Henry's Law equilibrium. While recent studies suggest that CH3OOH measurements have interference due to methane diol, we find that this interference cannot fully explain the higher‐than‐expected CH3OOH SEs determined here and during DC3, suggesting further research is needed to understand CH3OOH vertical redistribution.

Improvement of methods for controlling power oil of cooling tower recycling water supply units at Rivne nuclear power plant

The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the fact that at nuclear power plants, water pumping units using energy oils are operated in the heat exchange equipment of power units. The diagnostic criteria of oils allow identifying defects in the operation of technological equipment. The purpose of the work – to increase the reliability of the operation of oil-filled power equipment by improving the monitoring of the physical and chemical properties of power oil TP-30. The main attention is devoted to increasing the reliability of the operation of oil-filled power equipment by improving the monitoring of the physical and chemical properties of TP-30 power oil. Experimental studies were conducted by chromatography, and gas and liquid extraction using appropriate laboratory equipment. When exploring the content of chemical elements in the segments of the thrust bearing of the cooling tower pumping unit, which is based on Sn, an increase in the content of copper Cu and Sb was observed, which exceeded the standard by an average of 1.2 and 1.1 times, respectively. Most of the analysed physical indicators of oil quality (water content, kinematic viscosity, flash point, acid number) did not demonstrate deviations from the standard values. Only an increase in the mass fraction of mechanical impurities by 0.0026% relative to the standard was noted during the incoming inspection of TP-30 oil. The results of the operational control of the oil in terms of a set of physical indicators fully complied with the established technological standards. The highest content of soluble gases in the oil (0.56% by volume) was recorded for propylene (C3 H6 ). It is recommended to use the relative content of soluble gases in Tp-30 oil to C3 H6 when identifying degradation processes. The absence of residuals of circulating power oil TP-30 in the surface waters of the Styr River during the operational event was established. Generalisations have been generalised about the necessity of expanding the diagnostic criteria for the quality of TP-30 oil, in particular, expanding the list of its physical indicators. In practical terms, the results obtained can be useful for monitoring the quality of other brands of petroleum oils in the systems of turbine units of nuclear power plants, which is important in terms of the safe operation of heat exchange equipment

Ammonia Cycling and Emerging Secondary Aerosols from Arable Agriculture: A European and Irish Perspective

Ammonia (NH3) is a naturally occurring, highly reactive and soluble alkaline trace gas, originating from both natural and anthropogenic sources. It is present throughout the biosphere, yet plays a complicated role in atmospheric acid–base reactions resulting in the formation of inorganic secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs). While the general mechanisms are recognised, factors controlling the reactions leading to SIA formation are less explored. This review summarises the current knowledge of NH3 sources, emission and deposition processes and atmospheric reactions leading to the formation of SIA. Brief summaries of NH3 and SIA long-range transport and trans-boundary pollution, a discussion of precursor species to SIAs (other than NH3), abiotic and biotic controls and state-of-the-art methods of measurement and modelling of pollutants are also included. In Ireland, NH3 concentrations remained below National and European Union limits, until 2016 when a rise in emissions was seen due to agricultural expansion. However, due to a lack of continuous monitoring, source and receptor relationships are difficult to establish, including the appointment of precursor gases and aerosols to source regions and industries. Additionally, the lack of continuous monitoring leads to over- and underestimations of precursor gases present, resulting in inaccuracies of the estimated importance of NH3 as a precursor gas for SIA. These gaps in data can hinder the accuracy and precision of forecasting models. Deposition measurements and the modelling of NH3 present another challenge. Direct source measurements are required for the parameterization of bi-directional fluxes; however, high-quality data inputs can be limited by local micrometeorological conditions, or the types of instrumentation used. Long-term measurements remain challenging for both aerosols and precursor gases over larger areas or arduous terrains.

Nanosponge Approach -A Plethora of Opportunities as a Promising Nanocarrier for Novel Drug Delivery.

Nanotechnology is the need of the hour! The design of nanotechnologyaided carriers as a tool for the delivery of low solubility molecules offers a potential platform to overcome the issues of current clinical treatment and achieve good targeted release and bioaccessibility. Nanosponges (NS) encapsulate types of nanocarriers capable of carrying both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances. They are synthesized by mixing a solution of polyester, which is biodegradable, with cross-linkers. These tiny, porous structures are round-shaped, having multiple cavities wherein drugs can be housed to offer programmable release. The detailed literature review and patent search summarize the ongoing research on NS. Substances such as poorly soluble drugs, nutraceuticals, gases, proteins and peptides, volatile oils, genetic material, etc., can be loaded on these novel carriers, which are characterized using various analytical techniques. Target-specific drug delivery and controlled drug release are the advantages offered by NS, along with a myriad of other promising applications. This review stresses the development of cyclodextrin-based NS, the synthetic methods and characterization of NS, along with factors affecting NS formation, their applications and information on the patented work in this area. NS are solid in character and can be formulated in various dosage forms, such as parenteral, topical, oral or inhalation. Therefore, owing to their promising benefits over other nanocarriers in terms of drug loading, adaptability, sustainability, solubility and tailored release profile, NS is an immediate technological revolution for drug entrapment and as novel drug carriers.The authors expect that these fundamental applications of NS could help the researchers to develop and gain insight about NS in novel drug delivery applications.

Impact of the Insoluble Gas Concentration on Measured Stroke Volume at Rest and Submaximal Exercise Using the Innocor Device.

The Innocor® device uses an insoluble gas (SF 6 ) to estimate lung volume and the rate of disappearance of a soluble gas (nitrous oxide) to measure pulmonary blood flow (PBF), which approximates cardiac output assuming no shunt. We sought to identify error in the measurement of the insoluble gas in an effort to reduce variation in Innocor® measurement. We enrolled 28 participants from the Dallas Heart Study (mean age, 63 yr; 57% men; 43% White). Stroke volume was measured at rest and at submaximal (20 and 40 W) exercise using both echocardiography (Philips iE33) and the Innocor® device. We defined a priori peak and equilibrium SF 6 measurement errors as greater or less than 20% of the mean observed value. Three Innocor measurements were obtained at rest ( n = 27) for a total of 81 measurements. Of these, 22% had SF 6 measurements that fell outside of the a priori range. Resting Innocor® stroke volume measures with peak SF 6 measured above a priori range (>0.12%) was associated with larger stroke volumes compared with stroke volume measures without peak SF 6 error (101.4 [26.8] vs 64.9 [8.7] mL; P = 0.006) and overestimated stroke volume when compared with stroke volume by echo (101.4 [26.8] vs 59.9 [16.3] mL; P = 0.017). A similar pattern was observed at submaximal exercise. In contrast, there was no consistent association between variation in equilibrium SF 6 concentrations and measured stroke volume. Variability in peak SF 6 concentration is common while using the Innocor® device and results in overestimated stroke volume. These findings have implications for research protocols using this device.

Gas Fluxes and Steady State Saturation Anomalies at Very High Wind Speeds

AbstractGas exchange at high wind speeds is not well understood—few studies have been conducted at wind speeds above 20 ms−1 and significant disagreement exists between gas exchange models at high wind speeds. In this study, noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) were measured in 35 experiments in the SUSTAIN wind‐wave tank where the wind speeds ranged from 20 to 50 m s−1 and mechanical waves were generated as monochromatic or with a short‐crested JONSWAP frequency spectrum. Bubble size spectra were determined using shadowgraph imagery and wave statistics were measured using a wave wire array. The steady state saturation anomalies and gas fluxes initially increased as wind speeds increased but then leveled off, similar to prior studies of heat and momentum flux coefficients. Noble gas fluxes and steady state saturation anomalies are correlated most strongly with bubble volumes for the less soluble noble gases and with wind speed and wave Reynolds number for the more soluble noble gases. In the JONSWAP experiments, significant wave height was the most important predictor for gas steady state saturation anomalies with correlation coefficients of greater than 0.92 for He, Ne, and Ar (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, invasion fluxes were larger than evasion fluxes when other conditions were similar. Taken together, these lab‐based experiments suggest more attention should be paid to parameterizations based on wave characteristics and bubbles and that current wind‐speed based gas exchange parameterizations should not be applied to conditions with very high wind speeds.

Combined effect of acoustic field and gas absorption on evaporation of slurry droplet

In this study, we developed a model of convective heat and mass transfer of an acoustically levitated slurry droplet that evaporates in an atmosphere of air, water vapor, and soluble gas. The advanced model considered the effects of acoustic streaming, forced convection, and non-isothermal gas absorption on the evaporation rate of a liquid droplet containing small solid particles. It is shown that the time of porous shell formation decreases with the increase of sound pressure level (SPL) and increases with the increase in frequency. Adding soluble gas to the gaseous phase shortens the time required for porous shell formation during slurry droplet drying. As shown by numerical calculations, in a gas mixture containing air with an ammonia content of 30%, at a temperature of 293 K and a humidity of 50%, with an acoustic field frequency of 2π·45 kHz and an SPL of 140 dB, the time of porous shell formation of a silica-water slurry droplet with the initial radius of 250 µm is about half shorter than that in a gas mixture not containing an active gas. The prediction of the developed model was in good agreement with the experimental results available in literature.

Determination of CO2 solubility in Perna perna mussel and analysis of the suitability of the ideal and non-ideal gas models

In SGS (Soluble Gas Stabilization) processes, the carbon dioxide (CO2) is dissolved into the food product under controlled temperature, pressure, and gas/product ratio. The prediction of CO2 solubility can be achieved using a computational code using equations of state from experimental data on CO2 concentration in food. In this work, the solubility of CO2 in Perna perna mussels was obtained using Ideal Gas law and Virial, Van der Waals, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, and Peng-Robinson equations. The SGS process was performed at varying system pressure (200–600 kPa), temperature (0–6 °C), and gas/product (g/p) (mussels) ratio (1:1–5:1) in the cooked and shucked mussels for 65 h. A total of 11 experiments, arranged in a 2³ experimental design, with triplicate runs at the central point, were performed. The compressibility factor indicated that the Ideal Gas state is a good approximation only for experiments 1, 2, 5, and 6. It was observed that the pressure and the gas/product ratio exert a more significant influence on the CO2 solubilization process in the mussel. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to perform thermodynamic calculations showed to be a great resource regarding complex calculations.

Neurotransmitters-Key Factors in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System.

Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of such chemicals have been discovered in the last century, continuing to be identified and studied concerning their action on brain health. These substances have been observed to influence numerous functions, including emotions, thoughts, memories, learning, and movements. Thus, disturbances in neurotransmitters’ homeostasis started being correlated with a plethora of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In this respect, the present paper aims to describe the most important neurotransmitters, broadly classified into canonical (e.g., amino acids, monoamines, acetylcholine, purines, soluble gases, neuropeptides) and noncanonical neurotransmitters (e.g., exosomes, steroids, D-aspartic acid), and explain their link with some of the most relevant neurological conditions. Moreover, a brief overview of the recently developed neurotransmitters’ detection methods is offered, followed by several considerations on the modulation of these substances towards restoring homeostasis.

INFLUENCE OF GAS BUBBLES ON THE OPERATION OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Analysis shows that many liquids contain soluble gas in them. Such fluids have low viscosity and density. However, when pumping liquids, a number of problems arise, one of which is the appearance of bubbles in the mixture. Such liquids with gas do not obey the law of homogeneous liquid and gas. Therefore, in recent years, special attention has been paid to the hydromechanics of two-phase systems, such as oil-gas, water-steam, etc. the appearance of gas bubbles also affects the operation of centrifugal pumps, which manifests itself during pumping. Keywords: centrifugal pump, gas-liquid system, gas bubbles, torque on the shaft, power, mass of liquid.

Application of soluble gas stabilization technology on ready-to-eat pre-rigor filleted Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).

The demand for high‐quality, convenient, and sustainable salmon products represents a potential for value‐added product development and novel packaging solutions. Soluble gas stabilization (SGS) technology, which applies dissolved CO2 in the product before packaging, represents a novel approach to retain product quality and prevent microbiological deterioration during cold storage of pre‐rigor filleted salmon loins.The present study aimed to examine the solubility of CO2 in salmon loins as affected by rigor status. In addition, the effect of predissolved CO2 on the overall quality of pre‐rigor vacuum‐packed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was investigated during storage at 4°C. The CO2 pretreatment was conducted, exposing loins to 100% CO2 for 18 h at 4°C (the control group was kept in air at 4°C) before repackaging and storage for 15 days.Dissolved CO2 in the muscle (equilibrium achieved four days post packaging) was slightly higher in pre‐rigor than post‐rigor salmon loins (p equilibrium = 0.006). Moreover, the overall spoilage (Hvalue) and microbiological stability of salmon fillets stored in SGS‐vacuum were significantly improved compared to vacuum‐packed loins (p < 0.05).The results demonstrate that SGS technology can maintain the overall quality of pre‐rigor vacuum‐packed salmon loins without introducing the high gas‐to‐product volume ratio recognized by modified atmosphere packaging. Thus, the application of SGS technology on pre‐rigor loins can lead to higher economic gain and environmental benefits due to the reduced amount of required packaging material and reduced food waste.Practical ApplicationCO2 can be dissolved in pre‐rigor salmon loins before vacuum packaging to increase product shelf life during cold storage.

Noninvasive Assessment Of Cardiovascular Hemodynamics During Exercise Using Systolic Time Intervals

Noninvasive Assessment Of Cardiovascular Hemodynamics During Exercise Using Systolic Time Intervals

Intensification of spray drying granulation process by gas absorption accompanied by chemical dissociation reactions

• Model for slurry droplet drying in gas mixture containing soluble gas is developed. • Filtration of a vapor–gas mixture inside a porous shell is described by Darcy's law. • Presence of active gas enhances evaporation rate during the entire drying process. • Suggested alternative drying method can be used as part of a novel technology. In the present study, we developed a transient model for the drying of a single slurry droplet moving in a multicomponent gaseous mixture containing a soluble gas. The comprehensive model accounts for the effects of the soluble gas absorption/desorption, filtration, and compressibility of the gas–vapor mixture inside the porous crust on the intensity of the drying of the slurry droplet. The model is based on an application of the theory of heat and mass transfer during slurry droplet evaporation, in conjunction with a model for gas absorption/desorption as accompanied by a chemical dissociation reaction. It is shown that the presence of the active gas increases the evaporation rate during the entire drying process. As shown by numerical calculations, in a gas mixture containing air and ammonia with an ammonia mass fraction of 0.2, at a temperature of 293 K and humidity of 50%, the drying time of silica-aqueous slurry droplets with a radius of 250 μ m is approximately 35% shorter than that in a gas mixture not containing an active gas. We also found that at the second stage of a slurry droplet drying, the desorption of the dissolved gas from wet core decreases the temperature of the porous shell and reduces the mechanical stresses inside it that prevent the destruction of porous granules. The computational results obtained using the developed model are validated based on a good agreement with the available experimental data. Accordingly, the suggested model can be considered as a basis for alternative drying technologies.

Effects of different gases on foaming properties of protein dispersions prepared with whipped cream dispenser

The whipped cream dispenser is a foaming tool that is an increasingly applied for on-site whipped cream consumption. It creates foams by incorporating nitrous oxide (N 2 O) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into protein dispersions, while other foaming methods such as agitation and aeration create foam by incorporating air and nitrogen (N 2 ). In this study, a whipped cream dispenser was used to investigate the effects of different gases and proteins on the foaming properties of protein dispersions. Four gases (CO 2 , N 2 O, air, N 2 ) and five proteins were used. The results show that a higher foaming capacity was obtained for all the protein dispersions that were prepared with more soluble gases (N 2 O and CO 2 ). The foam that was prepared with the more soluble N 2 O was less stable than that prepared with air and N 2 . Although the impact of proteins on the foam stability was lower than that of gases, the applying different proteins also significantly changed the foam stability. • Whipped cream disperser (WCD) was applied to foam food protein dispersions. • Impact of gas solubility on foaming properties was larger than protein variety. • Highly soluble gas increased the foam capacity of foams prepared by WCD. • Highly soluble gas decreased stability of foams prepared by WCD.

Role of Upwind Precipitation in Transboundary Pollution and Secondary Aerosol Formation: A Case Study during the KORUS-AQ Field Campaign

Abstract Clouds and precipitation play critical roles in wet removal of aerosols and soluble gases in the atmosphere, and hence their accurate prediction largely influences accurate prediction of air pollutants. In this study, the impacts of clouds and precipitation on wet scavenging and long-range transboundary transport of pollutants are examined during the 2016 Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with chemistry. Two simulations—one in which atmospheric moisture is constrained and one in which it is not—are performed and evaluated against surface and airborne observations. The simulation with moisture constraints is found to better reproduce precipitation as well as surface PM2.5, whereas the areal extent and amount of precipitation are overpredicted in the simulation without moisture constraints. As a results of overpredicted clouds and precipitation and consequently overpredicted wet scavenging, PM2.5 concentration is generally underpredicted across the model domain in the simulation without moisture constraints. The effects are significant not only in the precipitating region (upwind region, southern China in this study) but also in the downwind region (South Korea) where no precipitation is observed. The difference in upwind precipitation by 77% on average between the two simulations leads to the difference in PM2.5 by ∼39% both in the upwind and downwind regions. The transboundary transport of aerosol precursors, especially nitric acid, has a considerable impact on ammonium-nitrate aerosol formation in the ammonia-rich downwind region. This study highlights that skillful prediction of atmospheric moisture can have ultimate potential to skillful prediction of aerosols across regions.