Solubility Of Poly Research Articles

Unperturbed dimensions of poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and their temperature coefficient

Unperturbed dimensions of poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and their temperature coefficient were studied. The influence of the character of solvent on the solubility of poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) are discussed.

Solubility of poly(n‐alkylmethacrylate)s in hydrocarbons and in alcohols

AbstractPoly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), poly(butylmethacrylate) (PBMA), and poly(decylmethacrylate) (PDMA) are completely miscible with toluene at normal pressure from room temperature up to the boiling point of the solvent. In alkanes (C6 to C10) and 1‐pentanol the solubility increases with the length of the side chain of the polymer: PMMA always exhibits a solubility gap within the above temperature range, PBMA shows upper critical solution temperatures (except n‐hexane, which is a non‐solvent), and PDMA mixes completely with all alkanes under consideration. Alcohols (up to C4) are non‐solvents for PMMA but theta solvents for PBMA and PDMA (except ethanol which is a non‐solvent for the latter). The low temperature demixing of ethanol/PBMA is shifted towards lower temperatures by pressure.

Synergism in the swelling and solubility of poly(methyl methacrylate) in presence of ethanol/water mixtures

Synergism in the swelling and solubility of poly(methyl methacrylate) in presence of ethanol/water mixtures

Viscosity studies of some polyamides dissolved in mixed solvents (cosolvents)

The solubility of poly (octamethylene sebacamide) (POS), poly (octamethylene terephthalamide) (POT) and poly (octamethylene tetrachloroterephthalamide) (POTC1), in m- cresol cyclohexane mixtures, a cosolvent system, has been studied by measuring the intrinsic viscosity [η], at 25°C. The intrinsic viscosities of POT, POS and POTC1 in various solvent/non-solvent mixtures are higher than the corresponding intrinsic viscosities in the pure solvent m-cresol. The POT and POTC1 polyamides exhibit a sharp increase in [η] values compared with the corresponding small increase in the POS polyamide. The POTC1 polyamide presents a true cosolvency effect in m- cresol cyclohexane mixtures; m-cresol and cyclohexane are non-solvents for this polyamide. The cosolvent behaviour is discussed in terms of the most energetically favourable interactions. The aromatic ring in POT and POTC1 would expand the chain, would favour a better packing between neighbouring solvent molecules and would favour the selective adsorption in the cosolvent system.

Effect of recrystallization on the solubility of poly(vinylidene chloride)

AbstractA study of the crystallization of poly(vinylidene chloride) from dilute solution in various solvents was carried out. The temperature at which the polymer dissolved was dependent on crystallization history. The minimum solution temperature obtained by recrystallization at high undercooling and redissolving is the preferred parameter for characterizing solvents for poly(vinylidene chloride).

Interpretation of the enhanced solubility of poly(vinylidene chloride) in certain solvent mixtures

AbstractThe 3‐component mixture poly(vinylidene chloride)—tetramethylene sulfoxide–tetrahydrophalene has been investigated by viscometric methods. This solvent pair shows an unusal affinity for the polymer. This can be attributed to the strong polar interaction between the acidic polymer and the basic sulfoxide which is enhanced by the presence of the nonpolar diluent.

Study of Linear Poly(p-chlorostyrene)–Diluent Systems. I. Solubilities, Phase Relationships, and Thermodynamic Interactions

The solubilities of poly(p-chlorostyrene) (PPCS) were examined for about ninety solvents. The solvents employed were aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethers, esters, ketones, alcohols, and others. The solubilities were successfully interpreted by the three dimensional plots according to Crowley, Teague, and Lowe, in which the solubility parameter, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonding parameter were used as three components, and to Hansen, who devided the solubility parameter into dispersion, polar and hydrogen bonding components. It can be seen that the soluble region is found to be inside the closed surface in the three-dimensional plots. The present systems involve some with either LCST or UCST. The difference between the PPCS–solvent system with LCST and that with UCST is reflected in the relative contribution of the three components rather than in the structure of the solvent. Furthermore, the phase relationships of PPCS were investigated. The eleven theta solvents found in this work contain both the four theta solvent with LCST, i.e., isopropyl acetate (θ=75.7°C), t-butyl acetate (θ=65.4°C), ethylcarbitol (θ=27.8°C) and n-butylcarbitol (θ=50.1°C), and the seven theta solvents with UCST, i.e., ethylbenzene (θ=−14.7°C), isopropylbenzene (θ=59.0°C), carbon tetrachloride (θ=50.7°C), tetrachloroethylene (θ=44.4°C), methyl chloroacetate (θ=64.6°C), ethyl chloroacetate (θ=−1.8°C), and isopropyl chloroacetate (θ=−8.2°C). It is considered from these phase relationships and from calorimetric measurements in the corresponding monomer solutions for esters that the theta solvent with LCST corresponds to an exothermic solvent and that characterized by UCST to an endothermic one.

The influence of stretching on tensile strength and solubility of poly(vinyl alcohol) fibres

The strength of wet-spun poly(vinyl alcohol) ( pva) fibres is given as function of bath-stretching, wet-stretching and hot-stretching. In the two equations derived for strength of wet-stretching and hot-stretching the complex influence of the bath-stretching and hot-stretching is demonstrated. The bath-stretching is connected with a pure orientation effect and the residence time in the coagulating bath which is a measure for the ‘freshness’ of the fibre. The hot-stretching can be separated in a pure orientation effect and a crystallization effect. Fibres of the pva, used in the experiments, were soluble in boiling water. After shrinkage of the fibres at temperatures near the temperature of hot-stretching, the dissolution temperature can be raised. Insoluble pva fibres were prepared after removing most of the bulky residual ester groups.

The solubility of poly(vinylidene chloride) in solvent mixtures

AbstractEffective solvents for poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) were obtained by mixing a polar aprotic solvent with a less polar solvent of cyclic structure. The polar components included sulfoxides, N,N‐dialkylamides, and N‐alkyl lactams. The cyclic cosolvents included aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, ethers, and thioethers. The problem of solubility of a crystalline polymer in a mixed solvent was analyzed by extending the Flory theory of melting point depression to three component mixtures. The results predict that favorable mixtures arise when at least one of the components interacts strongly with the polymer but is nearly incompatible with the cosolvent. This is in qualitative agreement with the observed behavior of PVDC.

Solubility of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) in some aliphatic alcohols

Solubility of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) in some aliphatic alcohols

Glass Temperature of Hydrogenated Polystyrene

Abstract Atactic polystyrene was hydrogenated under different conditions. At incomplete hydrogenation, a mixture of polystyrene and poly(vinyl cyclohexane) results. The glass temperatures were studied under different conditions by differential thermal analysis and found to be 100°C for polystyrene and 80°C for poly(vinyl cyclohexane). The solubility of poly(vinyl cyclohexane) is reported for different solvents. The influence of DTA evaluation techniques was studied.

Glyceryl methacrylate hydrogels

AbstractHydrophilic three‐dimensional polymer networks (hydrogels) were prepared from glyceryl methacrylate (2,3‐dihydroxypropyl methacrylate). The solubility of poly(glyceryl methacrylate) in water permits the preparation of transparent hydrogels containing variable amounts of water at the equilibrium stage. This is accomplished by varying the degree of swelling at the time of network formation, and by varying the density of crosslinks. The temperature dependence of swelling of the hydrogels in water and in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, was determined. There exists a linear relationship between the refractive index and the per cent of water in the hydrogel. These hydrogels are potentially useful in ophthalmology.