Solid Waste Management Practices Research Articles

Impact of Solid Waste Management on Environment (An Overview of Shahidnagar Municipality, Dhanusha, Nepal)

This paper focused on current practice, awareness, and impact of solid waste management on environment, in Shahidnagar Municipality of Dhanusha district. Due to lack of proper baseline information, lack of understanding of public willingness and lack of proper fitting and doable planning, waste collection, disposal and recycling have been problematic in study area. Solid waste management has been emerged as a major challenge as they don’t have any proper landfill site and waste collection facility. The study mainly designed in an exploratory and descriptive framework as it attempts to explore, investigate, and describe the relation between socioeconomic condition and SWM (solid waste management) issues with special emphasis on current practice and impact on environment. Many factors are seen affecting solid waste management system like institutional factor, social factor, economical factor, technical factor, and environmental factor. So, the study recommends concerned stakeholders to prepare an appropriate plan to manage solid wastages. Reduce, reuse, and recycle concept should be promoted to generate income through wastage. Awareness activity, public-private partnership should be raised to stop current poor practices of solid waste management.

Analysis of solid waste management practices in rural settings of Tanzania

This study explores the causes of ineffective solid waste management services in Tanzania’s rural settings which are made up of district councils. It is inspired by the fact that only 7.6% of the generated waste in the district councils which makes up 74% of the total local government authorities in the country is collected. The study variables include data availability, waste minimization initiatives, financial reliability, service reliability, technological flexibility, convenient waste collection systems, responsive market, supportive legal framework, and stakeholder inclusivity. Literature review, direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires constitute part of the data collection methods. Questionnaires were distributed to 137 (100%) district councils with over 95% responses. Zonal consultative meetings were conducted in six (6) zones representing 26 regions of Tanzania’s Mainland and attended by 26(100%) Regional Environmental Experts; and 56 (30%) District Environmental Management Officers (DEMOs). The findings show inadequacy in data availability, waste minimization initiatives, financing, stakeholders’ inclusiveness, waste management options, technological flexibility, and service reliability. The findings also show the presence of a supportive legal framework and a responsive market for the provision of waste management services. The study recommends; Improvement of waste management infrastructure; promotion of waste minimization initiatives, enhancement of waste management financing, and formalization of informal waste collection service providers.

Analysis of solid waste management practices in rural settings of Tanzania

Analysis of solid waste management practices in rural settings of Tanzania

Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices in Mbale city, Uganda

This study assessed the environmental and socio-economic impact of waste management practices in Mbale city. We used questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and field observations to collect the required data, which was analysed using basic descriptive statistics and Chi square test (χ2). Results indicate that, the solid waste management practices employed in Mbale City resulted into degradation of air quality (P<0.001), water quality (P<0.001) and land (P<0.101). Socio-economic analysis indicated that costs of waste management practices outweighed the benefits. The management practices were associated with severe health issues to the households living near dumpsites and waste management employees, although revenue and employment opportunities were also created in some instances in remote areas of the city there is limited sorting of hazardous from ordinary wastes that have come with associated effects on the environment. A conclusion was reached that, despite employing many citizens, the present solid waste management practices in Mbale City responsible for injuries incurred by scavengers (waste collectors), land and air quality degradation as citizens lack knowledge of proper waste management systems. Therefore, City authorities should sensitize the masses on best waste management practices like sorting and recycling and provide incentives for collection, sorting and assemblage of recyclable non-biodegradable wastes.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT GAS FIRED ELECTRIC POWERED PLANT: A CASE OF KARACHI, SINDH, PAKISTAN

This paper aims to provide an overview of current solid waste management practices at gas fired powered plant in Karachi, Pakistan. During the annual maintenance activities at gas powered plant it is obvious that different type of waste is generated such as metal waste including, aluminum, copper, iron and other metals, electronic waste, non-metal waste such as cotton rags, wood, paper, hand gloves and other miscellaneous waste. Three gas powered plants located in Karachi were surveyed and interviews were conducted to comprehend the existing practices of solid waste management there. Waste disposal and storage scraps yard of the selected power plants were also visited to study the process of waste segregation, reuse and recycling and final disposal. The results of this study indicate that highest amount of solid waste generated form selected power plants includes the heavy metals; aluminum, copper and iron comprising about 15% each. Cotton rags/ gloves, rubber and plastic make 11%, 6% and 4% respectively of the total waste stream. Study indicate that out of the total waste generated, approximately 70% is being disposed to scrap yard which is the source of revenue collection and remaining 30% is being lost as it is not being collected, segregated, and disposed as per the current practice of gas-powered plants. Study also finds that the waste that is currently not being disposed properly, can result in revenue increase of almost 27% (metal waste), 0.63% (cotton rags/hand gloves) and almost 4% (miscellaneous waste).

Municipal Solid Waste Management practices: Towards adoption of a Responsible Innovative Model for the City of Harare

Municipal Solid Waste Management practices: Towards adoption of a Responsible Innovative Model for the City of Harare

Solid waste management in hospitals: A comparative assessment in some selected hospitals in Obuasi Municipality of Ghana

The types of waste generated in hospitals as well as the management practices adopted by the hospitals for the disposal and treatment of the waste have become an issue of great concern to both local authorities and the public. This research aimed at assessing solid waste disposal and management practices of some selected hospitals in the Obuasi Municipality of Ghana. Three hospitals in Obuasi were selected for the study. The names of the hospitals are represented with the letters A, B and C. The objectives of the study were to know the types of waste generated in the hospitals, quantify the waste generated during the study period and compare the solid waste management practices adopted by the hospitals with the Health Care Waste Management guidelines (HCWM) of the Ministry of Health (MoH), Ghana. Relevant data and information were obtained for four weeks in the selected hospitals concurrently. Results from the study showed that hospitals generate plastics, papers, putrescible waste and hazardous waste. In terms of waste quantities, a total of 2,260.95 kg of waste were generated in the three hospitals during the study period. Plastic waste was 495 kg (21.89%), papers were 398.7 kg (17.63%) and putrescible wastes were 788.15 kg (34.86%) and 579.1 kg (25.61%) of the waste was hazardous waste.The waste management practices adopted by the hospitals were below standard. Although some proper waste collection was carried out, no waste sorting, processing or treatment was done. Two of the hospitals had contracted Zoomlion Ghana Limited to dispose their waste at the landfill site whiles the other hospital disposes of the solid waste in an open pit and burn the waste as well. Observation made during the study was that most of the waste management staff had low educational backgrounds and therefore have a low understanding of proper waste management practices as well as low remunerations. Comparisons made between the hospitals in terms of their waste management pratices and the MoH guidelines on Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) show that the hospitals do not adhere to the guidelines and standards. The study recommend that regulatory authorities enforce strict adherence to standards and effective monitoring of waste management practices in health facilities to safeguard public health and environmental safety. • More putrescible waste were generated in the hospitals (788.15 kg) (34.86%) than hazardous waste (579.1 kg) (25.61%). • The waste management practices adopted by the hospitals were below standard; no waste treatment, sorting or processing was of waste was done. • Most of the waste management staff had low educational backgrounds and hence lower understanding of proper waste management practices. • The hospitals do not adhere to the Health care waste management guidelines, and standards.

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Ho Chi Minh City of Viet Nam

Accurate estimation of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is required for making effective climate change mitigation policies at the national level. Among major sources, municipal solid waste (MSW) is an important source of GHGs, such as methane (CH4), generated during the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. In Viet Nam, the emissions of GHGs are not well quantified, in particular from the MSW management system. In this study, we estimated emissions of GHGs from the MSW management system of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), considering the current waste management practices. In HCMC, landfilling has been a common practice of solid waste management. About 85 percent of the total MSW generated in the city has been landfilled at two landfill sites. Our estimates show that landfilling was the significant source of GHGs in HCMC, with a net contribution of 781.05 kg CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq.) per tonne of MSW landfilled. From the whole MSW management system, the direct GHG emission was 768.61 (kg CO2-eq. per tonne of MSW) with avoided emissions of 72.47 (kg CO2-eq. per tonne of MSW) through composting and recycling of MSW. The net GHG emission from the MSW management system was 696.14 kg CO2-eq. per tonne of MSW (≈1.665 million tonnes of CO2-eq. per year). The GHG emission data of this study may be useful to policymakers for making effective climate change mitigation policies.

Health risks of solid waste management practices in rural Ghana: A semi-quantitative approach toward a solid waste safety plan

Inadequate solid waste management (SWM) can lead to environmental contamination and human health risks. The health risks from poor SWM can vary based on specific practices and exposure pathways. Thus, it is necessary to adequately understand the local context. This information, however, is rarely available in low-resource settings, particularly in rural areas. A solid waste safety plan could be helpful in these settings for gathering necessary data to assess and minimize health risks. As a step in developing such a tool, a semi-quantitative health risk analysis of SWM practices in nine Ghanaian rural villages was undertaken. Data on SWM in each village were collected through qualitative field observations and semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. SWM-related health risks were assessed using the collected data, similar case studies in the scientific literature and dialogue among an assembled team of experts. The analysis identified context-specific practices and exposure pathways that may present the most substantial health risks as well as targeted solutions for mitigation risks. A risk assessment matrix was developed to quantify SWM risks as low, medium, high, or very high based on the likelihood and severity of identified hazards. The highest SWM risks were identified from dumpsites and uncontrolled burying of solid waste. More specifically, a very high or high risk of infectious and vector-borne diseases from SWM in the villages was identified, both in the disposal of solid waste in dumpsites and uncontrolled burying of solid waste. Additionally, a very high or high risk of inhalation, ingestion or dermal contact with contaminants was found in the disposal of solid waste in dumpsites, open burning of waste and reuse of waste from dumpsites as compost. The results demonstrate the potential value of a solid waste safety plan and a parsimonious approach to collect key local data to inform its contents.

Awareness and practices on Municipal solid waste management among students at University Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus

In a world that rapidly rushes towards an urban future, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing drastically compared to the rate of urbanisation. During the early 2000s, around 2.9 billion people produced 0.64 kg of municipal solid waste (MSW) per person per day, but now the amount has increased to 3 billion people generating 1.2 kg per person per day. The waste products produced in higher educational institutions such as colleges and universities equal the operation of large-scale industries and healthcare facilities. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the level of practices and awareness of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) among students in UMK Campus Jeli. Besides, the association between the practices and awareness of municipal solid waste management among students in Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) Jeli Campus were measured. This study utilised a questionnaire concerning the students’ awareness and practices of MSW. The data were analysed using descriptive and chi-square tests. The results showed that the practices of students on MSW in terms of segregation were average, ‘reduce’ and ‘reuse’ practices were both high. While ‘recycling’ and ‘disposal’ practices were average and low, respectively. However, their awareness of MSWM was high. There was a significant association between awareness and practices regarding segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle and disposal of MSWM. In conclusion, UMK Jeli students have good practice and awareness of Municipal solid waste management. The students should be more persistent in the practices of MSW to live a more sustainable lifestyle.

Municipal Solid Waste Estimation and Management—Challenges and Lessons From Regional Studies of West Bengal (India)

Solid waste management is a multidimensional challenge, especially in developing countries like India. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in thirty-two urban local bodies of West Bengal to determine the solid waste generation rate and waste composition based on field surveys covering 5,000 households. The services delivered for solid waste management, the institutional arrangements and the constraints in meeting the prescribed standards have been studied. The level of satisfaction of the citizens and related socio-economic factors were also covered under the study. The collected data was analysed to relate waste generation, composition, segregation and community participation. This study also aimed to contribute to a better understanding of household waste management behaviour by examining solid waste management practices and attitudes. Results from this study will provide inputs to the environmental and waste management planners in their decisions on solid waste segregation and recycling activities in the municipalities and municipal corporations.

The impact of environmental education and awareness on the effective management of solid wastes among residents of Jos-Bukuru Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria

This paper examined the impact of Environmental Education and Awareness on the Effective Management of Solid Wastes among residents of Jos-Bukuru Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria with a view to making recommendations on environmental awareness and education for the area. It is by examining the existing policy on environmental awareness and its effect on people’s attitudes to solid waste management. It is by determining the relationship between attitude and solid waste management practices and also evaluating the influence of the level of environmental awareness on the solid waste management practices among residents. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 400 respondents, selected through a systematic random sampling technique from six zones namely; Fari-gada, Angwan-Rukuba, Tudun-Wada, Rantya, Rayfield and Bukuru in the Jos-Bukuru metropolis. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analysed using spearman’s rank correlation (rho) and analysis of variance (F-ratio) statistical techniques. The results obtained showed that there was a provision for a policy on environmental awareness and its effects on people’s attitudes to solid waste management. Also, there was no relationship between attitude and solid waste management practice in Jos Metropolis and there was a low level of influence of environmental awareness and education on people’s attitudes towards solid waste management in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. Based on these results a set of recommendations was made to help policy makers, practitioners and the academia in solid waste management.

Assessment of solid waste management practices in Tanzania’s cities

This study explores the causes of ineffective solid waste management services in Tanzania’s cities. It is inspired by the fact that less than 35% of the generated waste in the country is collected. The study focuses on cities as they are accounting for 15.5% of the total generated waste in the country despite making up only 3.2% (6) of the total local government authorities (LGAs) (137). The study variables include data availability, waste minimization initiatives, financial reliability, service reliability, technological flexibility, convenient waste collection systems, responsive market, supportive legal framework, and stakeholder inclusivity. Literature review, direct observation, interviews, and questionnaires form part of data collection techniques. Questionnaires were distributed to 184 (100%) LGAs with over 95% responses. Zonal consultative meetings were conducted in six (6) zones representing 26 regions of Tanzania’s Mainland and attended by 26(100%) Regional Environmental Experts; and 56 (30%) District Environmental Management Officers (DEMOs). The findings show inadequacy in waste minimization initiatives, financing, stakeholders’ inclusiveness, data availability, waste management options, technological flexibility, and service reliability. The findings also show the presence of a supportive legal framework and a responsive market for the provision of waste management services. To this end the study recommends; Improvement of waste management infrastructure; promotion of waste minimization initiatives, enhancement of waste management financing, and formalization of informal waste collection service providers.

Assessment of solid waste management practices in Tanzania's cities

Assessment of solid waste management practices in Tanzania's cities

Options for sustainable solid waste management in a tourist city in a developing country

A study was undertaken to develop options for sustainable integrated solid waste management for a tourist city in Vietnam. The generation and characterisation of tourism waste were based on a sampling survey of Hoi An city (HAC). Problems and challenges of a tourism waste management system were indicated using material flow analysis. Five scenarios were developed for the tourism sector of the city based on current solid waste management practice (SWMP), a consensus of stakeholders, the suitability of waste management systems and the contribution of the government. In two of the scenarios, waste reduction was 6.5 times higher and recyclables recovered was 3.3–4.2 times greater than that in two of the minimalist scenarios. Furthermore, the former scenarios showed more efficiency in treatment, optimal economy and minimum greenhouse gas emissions. The study indicated the advantages and challenges of each scenario and identified an optimal model for SWMP for the tourism industry of HAC. A framework for gradually developing a sustainable tourism waste management system was proposed, potentially applicable to any tourist city in a developing country.

Environmental Sustainability Impacts of Solid Waste Management Practices in the Global South.

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the key responsibilities of city administrators and one of the effective proxies for good governance. Effective SWM mitigates adverse health and environmental impacts, conserves resources, and improves the livability of cities. However, unsustainable SWM practices, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and financial and institutional limitations, negatively impact public health and environmental sustainability. This review article assesses the human and environmental health impacts of SWM practices in the Global South cities that are the future of global urbanization. The study employs desktop research methodology based on in-depth analysis of secondary data and literature, including official documents and published articles. It finds that the commonplace SWM practices include mixing household and commercial garbage with hazardous waste during storage and handling. While waste storage is largely in old or poorly managed facilities such as storage containers, the transportation system is often deficient and informal. The disposal methods are predominantly via uncontrolled dumping, open-air incinerators, and landfills. The negative impacts of such practices include air and water pollution, land degradation, emissions of methane and hazardous leachate, and climate change. These impacts impose significant environmental and public health costs on residents with marginalized social groups mostly affected. The paper concludes with recommendations for mitigating the public and environmental health risks associated with the existing SWM practices in the Global South.

Public Perception on Involvement in Solid Waste Management Process and Practices: A Case Study of Johor Bharu, Malaysia

Effective and efficient service delivery of urban service is paramount, especially in the ever-growing urban population. A high number of populations residing in urban areas has increased waste generation. Around the world, municipalities, especially in developing countries have to increase their waste management budget and various initiatives to deal with the generated waste. One of the preferable initiatives for developing countries in dealing with waste management issues is through the involvement of the public in the process and practices. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the perception of the public involvement in the process and practices of solid waste management in Johor Bharu, Johor, Malaysia. A total of 260 respondents in a mixed density residential housing scheme participated in the questionnaires survey. Therefore, several recommendations are put forward to enhance the cooperation of the public and municipalities in the solid waste management process and practices.

Recent advances in applications of artificial intelligence in solid waste management: A review

Efficient management of solid waste is essential to lessen its potential health and environmental impacts. However, the current solid waste management practices encounter several challenges. The development of effective waste management systems using advanced technologies is vital to overcome the challenges faced by the current approaches. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool for applications in various fields. Several studies also reported the applications of AI techniques in the management of solid waste. This article critically reviews the recent advancements in the applications of AI techniques for the management of solid waste. Various AI and hybrid techniques have been successfully employed to predict the performance of various methods used for the generation, segregation, storage, and treatment of solid waste. The key challenges that limit the applications of AI in solid waste are highlighted. These include the availability and selection of applicable data, poor reproducibility, and less evidence of applications in real solid waste. Based on identified gaps and challenges, recommendations for future work are provided. This review is beneficial for all stakeholders in the field of solid waste management, including policy-makers, governments, waste management organizations, municipalities, and researchers.

Solid Waste Management Practice and Its Associated Factors among Households in Gessa Town, Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Introduction. Human activities create waste, and the improper ways that waste is handled, stored, collected, and disposed of can pose risks to public health. The highest proportion of households practice their solid waste improperly in many developing countries, and the household’s status of solid waste management practices and its association with sociodemographic, knowledge, and institutional-related factors have never been clearly understood in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the status of solid waste management practice and its associated factors among households in Gessa town, Dawro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 686 study participants from April 30 to June 15, 2021. Study participants were selected by using a computer-generated simple random sampling technique. The interviewer administered a semistructured questionnaire that comprised sociodemographic, household-related, and institutional-related factors were used for data collection. All collected data were entered into epi data version 4.6 and then exported to STATA version 14.0 for further analysis. Each independent variable with a p value <0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression was included in the multivariable logistic regression model. In multivariable logistic regression, variables having a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result. In this study, improper solid waste management practice was 86.2%. Unpracticed solid waste reduction at source (AOR = 5, 95% CI 2.9–8.9), householders’ poor knowledge about solid waste management (AOR = 5.2, 95% CI 2.6–10.3), and distance to the municipality disposal site greater than 30 minutes to one hour from householders' (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.0) were found to be statistically significant associated factors for improper solid waste management practices of the households. Conclusions and Recommendations. The magnitude of improper solid waste management practices was high. Unpracticed solid waste reduction at source, householders’ poor knowledge about solid waste management, and distance from home to the waste disposal site were significantly associated factors. Therefore, policymakers, local government, and Gessa town health work units have to teach the community about solid waste management and solid waste generation minimization at the source and prepare standardized near-distance waste disposal sites to tackle contributing factors of improper solid waste management practice.

Solid Waste Management And Recycling Practices Among PPR Sri Pantai Residents: A Move Towards Sustainability

Solid Waste Management And Recycling Practices Among PPR Sri Pantai Residents: A Move Towards Sustainability