Solid Waste Management In India Research Articles

Solid Waste Management in India under Covid 19 Pandemic: Challenges and Solutions

SARS-CoV-2, most commonly known as Coronavirus, was emerged first in the Wuhan city of China in the late 2019 and proved to be an unprecedented threat to the whole world since then. It has truly imposed a restriction on human lives in many countries and has taught us a new way of living. Being the second-most populous country in the world and one of the top contenders in the hierarchy in terms of coronavirus infection, India is facing far extreme consequences of this unrestrained outbreak than many other countries in the same league. Apart from all the other challenges put forward by the existence of SAR-CoV-2, there is a need of proper management to handle the different types of solid waste especially Biomedical Waste (BMW) emerging from different health care facilities, quarantine homes, and centers, that is appearing in a huge amount every day and the possible challenges we are facing while confronting the problem of this waste, that could be a source itself to spread this contagious virus, if not handled and treated properly. In this paper, we have discussed briefly the susceptibility of the virus due to biomedical waste produced daily as a result of curing infected patients. This paper also put across the challenges and the solution to handle this waste in India before it is disposed of.

Solid waste management- A review

It is well recognized that waste that is discarded can be reused in a variety of ways. The methods and practices of solid waste management in India are the subject of this paper. Solid waste management encompasses a wide range of waste kinds, including industrial, agricultural, transportation, municipal, and so on. Although all wastes are destructive, municipal solid trash (now referred to as Solid Waste) is the form of waste that may be effectively managed without polluting the environment or harming other species. The focus of this study is on municipal solid waste. Various strategies for managing solid waste have been described, ranging from organic composting to energy generation. As a result, reducing pollution to decrease the risk of ill health, preserve the environment, and improve our quality of life is an important part of sustainable development.

A review of the current situation of municipal solid waste management in India and its potential for anaerobic digestion

A review of the current situation of municipal solid waste management in India and its potential for anaerobic digestion

Solid Waste Management in India Under COVID19 Pandemic: Challenges and Solutions

Solid Waste Management in India Under COVID19 Pandemic: Challenges and Solutions

Participation in solid waste management: Lessons from the Advanced Locality Management (ALM) programme of Mumbai

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is the national flagship programme of the Government of India that aims to achieve the vision of “Clean India’. The Solid Waste Management (SWM) component of the SBM envisages to become a ‘janandolan ’(people's movement) with participation from a wide range of stakeholders. This assertion emphasizes the importance of community and civic groups in maintaining cleanliness of cities. The ‘Advanced Locality Management’ Programme (ALM) of Mumbai is one of the earlier efforts of citizen-government partnership for SWM in India. Initiated in 1997 it is still operational in Mumbai. This paper traces the evolution of the ALM programme, with particular reference to engagement of civic groups, their changing roles and responsibilities over time. In doing so, the paper argues that for true ‘janandolan’ on urban civic issues, a broader mandate for participation that encompasses wider concerns of citizens is required.

Review on evolution of municipal solid waste management in India: practices, challenges and policy implications

The expansion of urban areas, changing patterns of consumption and industrialization resulting in an increase in municipal waste generation are deteriorating the quality of environment, thereby posing a risk to sustainable development. The seriousness of the problem increases in a scenario where natural resources are getting scarcer and the traditional system of landfill is still being practiced extensively for solid waste disposal. Most often technology is considered as an essential component of the waste management where the functionality of different technologies depends on the quantity of waste and its composition. However, other factors such as government policy, legal framework, and financial allocation, social and cultural context play an equally vital role for an efficient waste management system, which is often ignored. Recognizing the importance of sustainable development and environmental conservation, the role of institutions and technology in delivering efficient waste management system has been evident in countries pioneering in waste management. This paper addresses the issue of municipal solid waste management by taking the case of India. It discusses the present municipal waste management system, practices and policies in India. In an evolutionary approach, it highlights the gaps in policy formulation, points out the challenges that the sector is facing and makes an attempt to suggest a way forward through a study of the municipal waste management policies and practices adopted in other countries that had championed waste management.

Solid Waste Management in Urban India: Imperatives for Improvement

Existing solid waste collection, transport and disposal systems are mired in turmoil across India. In cities where fast-growing populations produce more and more solid garbage than urban local bodies (ULBs) are unable to efficiently handle, the issue is more severe. Unfair solid waste management presents environmental and public health concerns. This study examines the status of solid waste management in India and recommends that many problems be solved.

Solid Waste Management in India: A Review and Road Rhead

This study involves in depth research in the various aspects of the solid waste management which includes studying waste generation its classification and further focusing mainly on solid waste. The management of the waste has been an issue for every country as the increase in population has also led to the increase in the waste generation. Managing of this waste has been an issue of concern for all the countries across the globe. Out of the many sorts solid waste is one of the major contributors in the category of wastes and managing it is a task. This study presents a comprehensive review of literature of solid waste management and best practices adopted in various countries for the issue. The paper also discusses at length strategy implemented in various parts of India keeping in mind the diversity and a variety of factors. Additionally, the existing legislations and norms were studied according to which the areas of improvements and the future scope are suggested. Keywords: Solid waste, management, legislations.

SOLID WASTE TO THEME BASED PARKS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA: A HEALTHY, SUSTAINABLE, ECO-FRIENDLY AND SKILLED INITIATIVE FOR ENTREPRENEURS

Waste is generated by various day to day human activities. Adopting improper waste handling and disposal methods can harm the well-being of public and environment. Waste management creates new opportunities for entrepreneurs in terms of social causes and it affects the economic structure and economic status of any country. One of the new approaches in waste management and income generation is Social entrepreneurship. But in Bharat i.e. India the young entrepreneurs have a dearth of consciousness towards social entrepreneurship. This paper discusses the status of solid waste management in India and Government initiatives for managing Solid Waste at Dharamshala. The main objectives of study are 1) to check awareness of people in managing solid waste at Dharamsala 2) and how to convert the plastic waste into theme based parks as skilled initiative for entrepreneurs at tourist spots in Himachal Pradesh. The paper thus explores the scope for entrepreneurs in waste management. The study reveals that Solid waste management concept attracted the attention of government around 1970s. But till now we believe in filling the waste in the ground or putting them in the dustbin. Government of India has created few acts and rules on waste management which are listed in this paper. Through this study it is revealed that people of Dharamshala welcome to the construction of themed parks made from plastic bottles. Majority of these people believe in separating waste at home and according to them conditions of waste disposal at Dharamshala are not very good. There is a positive correlation between people’s opinion of constructing theme parks and using plastic bottles in park’s construction. Study believes that the quantity of plastic waste in our country is endless which creates lot scope and opportunity to the social entrepreneurs.

Methane potential from municipal biowaste: Insights from six communities in Maharashtra, India

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of biowaste can generate biogas with methane (CH4) as energy source and contribute to sustainable municipal solid waste management in India. Characteristic municipal biowastes sampled seasonally from household, fruit and vegetable market and agricultural waste collection points in villages, towns and cities in Maharashtra were analysed to assess the potential as substrate for AD. The mean biochemical methane potential (BMP, at 37 °C) across seasons and community sizes was between 200–260, 175–240 and 101–286 NLCH4 kgvs−1 for household, market and agricultural biowaste, respectively. CH4 yields were comparable in villages, towns and cities. Seasonal variations in CH4 yields were observed for market and agricultural biowaste with highest values during pre-monsoon season. Results underpin that municipal biowaste is a suitable substrate for AD in India. However, low purity of available biowaste resulted in lower CH4 yields compared to recent studies using source-segregated biowaste.

Municipal solid waste management in India: status, problems and challenges

An increasing urbanisation, population growth, and economic expansion are generating a mounting quantity of solid waste in many developing countries. Solid waste management is one of the critical problems in India. Currently, more than 100 million tonnes of solid waste have generated from various sectors in India. Per capita waste generation from 0.2 kg to 0.6 kg from varies depends on household and economic size of the Indian population. This paper has provided detail analysis of the status of solid waste generation, management, challenges and solution for solid waste management sector in India. Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change has revised solid waste management rules 2016. The new rule has been implemented in all municipalities and other local bodies. The policy implication of the study is better solid waste management services in local, regional and national level in India.

Municipal solid waste management in India: status, problems and challenges

An increasing urbanisation, population growth, and economic expansion are generating a mounting quantity of solid waste in many developing countries. Solid waste management is one of the critical problems in India. Currently, more than 100 million tonnes of solid waste have generated from various sectors in India. Per capita waste generation from 0.2 kg to 0.6 kg from varies depends on household and economic size of the Indian population. This paper has provided detail analysis of the status of solid waste generation, management, challenges and solution for solid waste management sector in India. Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change has revised solid waste management rules 2016. The new rule has been implemented in all municipalities and other local bodies. The policy implication of the study is better solid waste management services in local, regional and national level in India.

Urban Solid Waste Management in India: Present Challenges and Future Prospects

Among various environmental problems, issue of solid waste management (SWM) is important and burning issue especially in urban India. With the rapid growth of big cities, slums, the breeding grounds of urban squalor and environmental issues, swell primarily due to increased migration of the people from the villages in search of better employment opportunities and improved standard of living. Hence, environmental issues like solid waste management is one of the bottlenecks of inclusive urban development and at the same time sustainable urban development is recognized as the primary objective that a development process. Studies also reveal that, despite various policies and programmes since independence, including recent policies like decentralization and giving more powers to urban local government bodies (ULBs) and launching of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) in 2005, and other urban development programmes the situation of urban solid waste management is still not improved up to a satisfactory level due to numerous reasons. Against this background the present paper prepared with following objectives 1.To explicate and discuss the problems of solid waste management of urban India; 2. To advocate suitable policy suggestions to the problems of solid waste management of urban India. The paper is non-doctrinal and descriptive in nature and based on the secondary sources of data. The secondary sources of data were gathered from publications of various government ministries and departments, journals, books etc.

Solid waste collection/transport optimization and vegetation land cover estimation using Geographic Information System (GIS): A case study of a proposed smart-city

Population growth at an interminable rate is depleting resources uncontrollably. Researchers are concentrating on sustainable development mainly in urban areas where the growth rate is higher than any other regions. In addition to the development of new technologies for reducing the rate of natural resources usage, technologies are being developed to recover the resources from waste. In this perspective, solid waste management with proper collection and transportation techniques facilitates the waste managers to segregate and extract the required resources for recovery. GIS and remote sensing approaches come to the aid of managing this solid waste through its generation stage to the dumping stage. Using a proposed smart city, Vellore in India as a case study, this paper discusses possible collection methods for solid waste management in India, and presents methods for optimal collection and transportation of waste using GIS techniques through network analysis. The optimal waste collection and transportation routes derived from our analysis result in 59.12% reduction in travel distance along the routine collection road network followed. In addition, this study proposes possible transfer station locations based on various design factors like open land availability, ease of access from all the composting units/dustbin locations, transfer means by tractor trailers, and sanitation and environmental requirements. This study also reveals the vegetation cover changes at a depletion rate of 2100square meters area in and around dumping sites.

Solid Waste Management in Urban India: An Overview

Government of India in recent past took a number of proactive initiatives in the form of changes in policies, institutions and management mechanisms to address the problem of municipal solid waste management. Despite these changes, results are believed to be less than expected ones. Increasing economic growth is bound to generate more wastes and managing these wastes needs both budgetary and technical resources. In view of scarcity of resources, there is thus a need for a paradigm shift in the approach to solid waste management in India. Among other things, this requires a thorough and dispassionate understanding of the gravity of the situation and a critical diagnosis of the response measures. Though underlying issues are to a large extent same across continents, countries, cities and municipalities, yet some issues are specific in this context. Thus, both commonalities and specificities have to be discerned and analyzed. It is against this background that the present paper is designed to present an overview of the existing municipal solid waste management practices from the global to national and national to local level perspectives in reference to the Indian cities. Particular emphasis has also been laid on to assess the overall solid waste generation and management services practiced by the Indian municipalities. Besides these, various legal, institutional and policy issues relating to urban solid waste management in the Indian context have also been reviewed to strengthen the argument in favour of the need for efficient solid waste management services for the Indian cities. It can be observed from the literature review that despite a number of positive initiatives taken by India in recent years, the state of the urban solid waste management is still far from a satisfactory level and there is thus an urgent need to address the issue by involving residents, private sector players and non-governmental organizations along with civic authorities.

Status and challenges of municipal solid waste management in India: A review

AbstractThe abysmal state of and challenges in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in urban India is the motivation of the present study. Urbanization contributes enhanced municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and unscientific handling of MSW degrades the urban environment and causes health hazards. In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the major parameters of MSWM, in addition to a comprehensive review of MSW generation, its characterization, collection, and treatment options as practiced in India. The current status of MSWM in Indian states and important cities of India is also reported. The essential conditions for harnessing optimal benefits from the possibilities for public private partnership and challenges thereof and unnoticeable role of rag-pickers are also discussed. The study concludes that installation of decentralized solid waste processing units in metropolitan cities/towns and development of formal recycling industry sector is the need of the hour in developing countries like I...

Municipal Solid Waste Management in India: A Few Unaddressed Issues

Issues related to waste management in the context of Indian Cities still requires a path finder as most of the SWM planners and Executers are still in the dark which part of the SWM rule 2002 needs to be addressed in the primary stage. In fact finding it hard to plan and execute it was thought it may be better to change certain part of the rules which is not even 15 years old. A draft rules awaits approval and most of the people are not actually knows what is being changed and why. In fact this part of the facilities has never been considered as part urban infrastructures neither the citizen's opinion was asked in any stage while framing the rules or while even changing it for betterment.The present paper generates Certain issues related to Waste management which have been experienced while being involved in various cities in national and International arena and picks up certain unaddressed issues related to Waste management in Indian Cities. The main aim of this paper is to combine the opinion with a learned group of participants and try to evolve an effective pathway for its management. One of the most prominent factors which is missing in the entire process is the role of Community as a stake holder and their inclusion in the entire process.

An Analytical Study on Problems and Policies of Solid Waste Management in India –Special Reference to Bangalore City

One of the most pressing environmental issues facing the world today is the issue of waste management and disposal. This problem crosses all international borders and touches the lives of all the people of the world. Solid waste in most cities of developing countries is a serious threat to urban environment. Poor solid waste management is a threat to public health and causes a range of external costs. However, solid waste management in the developing countries has received lesser attention from policymakers and researchers than the other environmental problems, such as air and water pollution. Waste management encompasses everything from collection and handling to disposal by incineration, landfill and other methods, and recycling. Also included are the serious associated implications for the health of people and the environment. As waste producing activities proceed and intensify, the world community will be faced with hard choices on how to best manage and dispose of wastes. These decisions should be based on hard science and sound management practices. However, there are geopolitical dimensions to be found in the decision-making process of waste management and disposal. The purpose of this study has been to determine how geopolitical factors affect waste management on global and local scales. Specifically, this investigation has been guided by looking at how social and economic factors affecting the waste management. The Importance has been placed on Municipal solid waste generation quantity in Indian cities and its effects on environment and public health. Population growth and its impact on municipal waste. Finally, concludes that the problem of solid waste needs some holistic approaches such as reuse of solid waste to produce energy and biomennures.

Electronic Waste Generation in India

?? driven this demand of electronic items. Consumers' dependency on information and communication technology has been increasing very rapidly. The new innovations in information technology because of the rising demand for higher efficiency and productivity in the businesses and work have become a matter of day to day life. Technologies which were new yesterday have become obsolete for today. The increase in demand for “White Goods segment” i.e. on consumer durables such as television sets, microwave ovens, calculators, air-conditioners, servers, printers, scanners, cellular phones, computers etc. is for obvious. Thus, there can be broad range of waste electric and electronic goods which have outlived their use, ready for disposal. These contain chemical materials considered hazardous for human well being and natural environment. The increasing rate of waste electronic products and additionally the illegal import of junk electronics from abroad, create a complex scenario for solid waste management in India. According to the Ministry of environment and forest (MoeF), Ewaste is such waste that comprises of wastes generated from used electronic devices and household appliances, which are not fit for their original intended use and are destined for recovery, recycling or disposal.

Changing contours of solid waste management in India

The solid waste management (SWM) sector in contemporary urban India has witnessed shifts in policy and practice in the wake of changing contours of urban governance resonating between international and domestic trends. These changes are characterized by measures to reduce public expenditure and gradual offloading of essential municipal services, increasing efficiency in service provision by privatization, decentralization, introduction of user charges and developing new delivery systems through greater involvement of non-state actors like community-based organizations and local contractors. Historically, SWM remained a neglected area until the intervention of the Supreme Court of India that resulted in the Municipal Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2000, under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. As a solution to the inability of municipal authorities to handle conservancy operations, the Rules called for involvement of actors like community-based organizations, private contractors and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) in SWM functions. With findings from detailed case studies of two community programmes in the SWM sector in Mumbai, namely the Advanced Locality Management groups and the Slum Adoption Programme (SAP), and several NGOs that are involved in this sector, this article argues that increasing community participation, particularly that of middle-class residents results in greater fragmentation of interests and contestations informed by class. This trend of involving communities runs parallel with the municipal authority gradually offloading its obligatory responsibilities and passing them on to agencies like local contractors and spurious organizations that are often unaccountable and not transparent. The findings based on case studies in Mumbai argue how these changes in policy and practice clearly leave urban poor citizens like conservancy workers, volunteers of the SAP and slum residents at a disadvantageous position.