Challenges Of Solid Waste Management Research Articles

Environmental impact of solid waste landfilling in Balochistan-A risk assessment for SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 14 (life below water) and SDG 15 (life on land)

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most common wastes that need disposal. However, landfilling is still the most commonly practiced method of waste disposal, but it poses great threats to the environment. This article will look at the major environmental effects of landfilling with a focus on Pakistan and Balochistan province in particular. Emerging projects related to improvement of waste management systems in these areas will also be discussed together with the existing solid waste management challenges. Groundwater pollution, emission of landfill gases to air and adverse effects of poor waste handling on human health and other living organisms are some of the issues that shall be covered in this review. Additionally, advancements in waste-to-energy technologies, recycling initiatives, and community-based waste management efforts aimed at mitigating these impacts shall also be considered as possible solutions in order to achieve the sustainability development goals including SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 14 (life below water) and SDG 15 (life on land).

Environmental insights of bioethanol production and phenolic compounds extraction from apple pomace-based biorefinery

Food waste is one of the main challenges of solid waste management throughout the food supply chain. Apples are one of the most widely consumed fruits worldwide, the production of which is accompanied by the generation of pomace as a by-product with valuable nutrients. This research presents the first environmental insights of a multiproduct apple pomace-based biorefinery through a life cycle perspective. The design and process modelling of this platform aims to produce bioethanol and extract total phenolic compounds (TPC) towards an efficient use of the pomace obtained from the apple manufacturing industry (juice production). Bioethanol production consist of pressing, fermentation, distillation as the main processes; while in the case of TPC, two extraction techniques were evaluated: i) solvent extraction (mainly water), and ii) the Soxhlet method. The life cycle analysis followed an attributional cradle-to-gate approach considering different midpoint impact categories from the ReCipe 2016 method such as Global Warming (GW), Eutrophication, Human Toxicity, Fossil Scarcity, among others. The results indicate that bioethanol production encompasses a GW profile of 3.17 kg of CO2 eq per kg of product, being the vinasse treatment (subproduct after distillation) the most impactful stage. Phenolic compounds extraction with water achieves a total value of 5.8 kg CO2 eq per g of TPC, while 0.22 kg CO2 eq per g of TPC is obtained with Soxhlet technique. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is addressed to improve the environmental profile of bioethanol and TPC. This research demonstrated the relevance of process design on the environmental performance of bioethanol and TPC, where stillage treatment has a key contribution to the results and the use of solvents in TPC extraction, although improving extraction yield, leads to a higher environmental impact.

Solid waste characterization in the slum areas of Bagmati River—A case of Kathmandu, Nepal

Solid waste management (SWM) is a challenging environmental issue globally, with developing nations experiencing considerable difficulties in its efficient and effective implementation. Urban slum areas within these regions, particularly, have been reported to face unique challenges in SWM due to a combination of factors, including the low socio-economic status of residents, high population density, inadequate infrastructure, and a thriving informal economy. Despite these critical concerns, most SWM research in Nepal has concentrated on major cities and tourist hotspots. As a result, the condition of SWM in urban slum areas, typically found along the banks of major rivers in Nepal, remains a critical yet neglected aspect in research and policy discussions. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate SWM in the densely populated urban slum areas situated along the Bagmati River, a key river system in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Four major slum locations within the central metropolitan area of Kathmandu—Sinamangal, Thapathali, Teku, and Balkhu—were selected for the study, and systematic random sampling and characterization of household solid waste was conducted. The results reveal that the average household solid waste generation rates in the four study sites were 155.32 g capita−1 d−1, 124.69 g capita−1 d−1, 149.9 g capita−1 d−1, and 218.44 g capita−1 d−1, respectively. Organic wastes was the most prevalent type, comprising 63.34% of the total waste, followed by paper and paper products (13.72%), plastics (12.15%), dirt and construction debris (5.57%), glass (4.31%), and other wastes (0.91%). Qualitative data from the survey revealed that although municipal waste management programs exist, awareness and participation among residents were limited. As a result, many households ended up managing their waste on their own, often in an unscientific manner polluting the river water in the vicinity. The study offers critical insights for policymakers, operators, and regulators in addressing the growing challenges of SWM. Findings are expected to aid in the sustainable management of solid waste along the river basin in central urban regions of the capital city. Under Nepal's new federal governance system, provincial and local governments are recommended to collaborate with all stakeholders, including households, to develop comprehensive, multimodal SWM strategies that also address the needs of slum areas.

Marine litter along the Peruvian coast: spatiotemporal composition, sources, hazard, and human modification relations.

Marine litter (ML) represents an escalating environmental issue, particularly in Latin America, where comprehensive studies are scarce despite critical solid waste management challenges and continuous human modification occurring on the coasts. To contribute to the knowledge of ML in the southeast Pacific, this study examined contamination across 10 beaches on Peru's extensive coast. Overall, ML contamination was categorized as moderate (with an ML concentration of 0.49 ± 0.64 items∙m-2), while significantly differing between summer (dirty with an ML concentration of 0.56 ± 0.66 items∙m-2) and winter (moderate with an ML concentration of 0.47 ± 0.60 items∙m-2). Three beaches were extremely dirty (concentrations of ML exceeded 1.0 items∙m-2). Predominant materials, items, and sources were plastic, cigarette butts (CBs), and mixed packaging. The Peruvian coast faced CB leachate impact (CBPI = 3.5 ± 3.5), reaching severe levels on two beaches, with considerable hazardous litter (HALI = 3.0 ± 2.9). Additionally, a higher degree of human modification was associated with higher ML levels along the coast.

Developments in biochar incorporated geopolymers and alkali activated materials: A systematic literature review

Annually, industries related to agricultural products generate substantial volumes of waste biomass, presenting critical challenges for solid waste management due to its environmental and health implications. Pyrolysis emerges as a significant technique for converting such waste into biochar (BC), a material with notable internal microstructure, porosity, and chemical properties, contingent on the feedstock and processing conditions. BC is recognized for its exceptional water retention and alkalinity, primarily utilized for soil enhancement and fertilization. Its application across various fields, particularly in enhancement for sustainability, has gained momentum. This review meticulously explores BC's role in sustainable composites, focusing on geopolymers and alkali-activated binders through a comprehensive examination of existing literature, underscored by bibliometric analysis. This pioneering review, leveraging the PRISMA framework and VOSviewer for bibliometric insights, aims to bridge the research gap in this evolving domain, offering a critical assessment of BC's integration in sustainable construction materials, its challenges, and future research directions. Hence, this pioneering systematic review represents the first-ever exploration within the research domain of BC's applications in geopolymers and alkali-activated materials, marking a foundational step toward understanding its potential and challenges in sustainable engineering practices.

Smart Ecological Points, a Strategy to Face the New Challenges in Solid Waste Management in Colombia

Smart Ecological Points, a Strategy to Face the New Challenges in Solid Waste Management in Colombia

Analysing the challenges of solid waste management in low-income communities in South Africa: a case study of Alexandra, Johannesburg

Analysing the challenges of solid waste management in low-income communities in South Africa: a case study of Alexandra, Johannesburg

Waste paper-derived porous carbon via microwave-assisted activation for energy storage and water purification

The reuse of waste papers by conversion into valuable carbon materials has received considerable attention for diverse applications such as energy storage and water purification. However, traditional methods for converting waste papers into materials with suitable properties for specific applications are often complex and ineffective, involving consecutive carbonization and activation steps. Herein, we propose a simple one-step microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis for preparing waste paper-derived porous carbons (WPCs) for energy storage and water purification. Through a 30-min synthesis, WPCs with graphitic structure and high specific surface area were successfully produced. The fabricated WPCs exhibited outstanding charge storage capability with a maximum specific capacitance of 237.7 F g−1. Additionally, the WPC demonstrates a high removal efficiency for various dyes, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 95.0% for methylene blue. The developed one-step MW synthesis not only enables the production of porous carbon from waste paper, but also offers a viable approach to address solid waste management challenges while simultaneously yielding valuable materials.

Solid waste management challenges and solutions: The case of the city of Khouribga (Morocco)

In Morocco, like in many developing countries, the management of solid waste, especially household solid waste, is a major concern. It is estimated that each person generates an average of 0.67 kilograms of urban waste per day, while in rural areas, this figure is 0.3 kilograms per day. The collection of urban solid waste is regular and almost daily, reaching approximately 5.5 million metric tons per year. The management of household waste is a major concern for all urban communities. The city of Khouribga, like many other Moroccan cities, faces various environmental challenges such as air pollution, waste management, and preservation of natural resources. In order to address these issues, it is essential to gather accurate and comprehensive information to develop effective and sustainable strategies. In this context, efforts are being made to optimize and improve the collection of household solid waste in the urban municipality of Khouribga. This study has revealed the existence of technical and social constraints that hinder the smooth operation of the current solid waste collection in this city. Therefore, the mobilization of the municipality, service providers, and the population is necessary to overcome these challenges.

Sustainable solid waste management challenges in hill cities of developing Countries: Insights from eastern Himalayan smart cities of Sikkim, India

Rapid urbanization and the growing tourism industry in the Himalayan region have raised significant concerns about the sustainable handling and management of solid waste in the area. This concern is particularly pronounced in the unique and vulnerable ecosystem of cities nestled in the eastern Indian Himalayas, where geography, ecology, and socio-economic factors converge to create distinctive challenges. This study undertakes a thorough investigation of solid waste management practices and challenges in two smart cities nestled in the eastern Himalayan region of India, specifically Gangtok and Namchi. The primary objective was to unveil the complex challenges confronting these cities by conducting an in-depth exploration of waste management practices. This comprehensive investigation was achieved through the collection of samples, conducting surveys within each ward of the cities, and performing physicochemical characterization analyses. The study also proposes a solution-oriented approach leveraging life cycle analysis. Despite the Himalayan backdrop, waste generation varies significantly, with Gangtok producing substantially more waste (50 tons per day (TPD)) compared to Namchi (4.6 TPD). Both cities excel in waste collection, but Gangtok leads in proactive treatment, with 22% (11 TPD) undergoing composting and recycling. However, shared challenges at riverside disposal sites, including overfilled dumpsites and leachate contamination, pose potential environmental hazards amid the Himalayan allure. Organic waste predominates at 40.9% and 40.01% in both cities, indicating composting potential. Plastic closely at 22.25% (Namchi) and 22.65% (Gangtok) was way above the global (12 %) and national (8.4 %) average respectively, emphasizing the urgency of plastic waste reduction strategy. The 16.95% cardboard in Gangtok highlights potential commerce-related waste. The study also highlights the importance of comprehensive policies for informal sector well-being. The lifecycle assessment of Namchi and Gangtok reveals significant methane emissions (99%) from waste anaerobic decomposition potentially due to poor source segregation. Implementing a futuristic waste strategy reduces emissions by 38% in Namchi and 40% in Gangtok, through biogas utilization and renewable energy adoption. The findings advocate for citizen engagement, improved collection, targeted campaigns, and circular economy principles. To ensure sustainability and resilience in waste management within mountain regions, tailored strategies such as material recycling facilities, community engagement initiatives, and landfill diversion mandates should integrate ecological, socioeconomic, and logistical considerations, fostering awareness and participation among communities.

Waste Matters: A Comprehensive Exploration of Solid Waste Management in Krishnanagar City for Sustainable Solutions

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a term used to address the management of waste and garbage. Given the communal living of human beings, the generation of a substantial amount of waste has transformed Solid Waste Management into a global concern. Defined as non-liquid waste material devoid of utility for human beings, solid waste stems from diverse sources such as domestic households, commercial enterprises, industrial operations, medical facilities, and institutional activities. In India, solid waste significantly contributes to environmental degradation, with improper management posing potential hazards. Over time, India has employed various techniques for Solid Waste Management. However, traditional methods, once effective, are now deemed less efficient and contribute to environmental harm due to population growth and shifts in the types of generated waste. Consequently, newer, more effective techniques have been introduced for SWM, aiming to minimize environmental impact. Krishnanagar city, much like other urban areas, grapples with solid waste management challenges, leading to a continual rise in waste production. Consequently, it becomes imperative to handle municipal waste in a systematic, cost-effective, and secure manner. This study reviews the current state of SWM in Krishnanagar city, offering a comprehensive overview. Through an analysis of all functional aspects related to SWM, the study draws conclusions and provides recommendations to enhance the existing waste management system in Krishnanagar city. The revisions made emphasize clarity, coherence, and relevance, ensuring the information is presented in a more refined and plagiarism-free manner.

Impacts of the COVID-19/2020 pandemic on the waste sector of Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil: Assessment on solid waste production in 2018 – 2023

The COVID-19/2020 crisis impacted several sectors of our society, including solid waste management (SWM). Changes in waste generation trends ─ quantity and composition ─ have been reported worldwide. Assessing waste data creates the opportunity to provide decision-makers with adequate knowledge to respond effectively to future pandemic-like situations. This work draws on data on household solid waste, healthcare waste (HCW), and recyclables collected in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, analyzed from January 2018 to December 2023. As expected, the collection of HCW in Rio de Janeiro experienced a noticeable increase in 2020 and 2021, with an average of 46.9 and 54.3 tonnes collected per month, respectively. Notably, 2021 saw a significant 42 % increase compared to 2019 (p-value < 0.001), and recyclables experienced a rise higher than 40 % in 2022 and 2023 compared with 2018–2020 (p-value < 0.05). To enhance the SWM in Rio de Janeiro, we suggest 1) Investing in thermal and thermochemical treatments for hazardous waste and non-recyclable residues, 2) Decentralized waste valorization solutions like home-composting practice and decentralized anaerobic digestion systems, and 3) Implementing oriented public awareness campaigns, enforcement of solid waste separation at the source, and creation of recycling programs considering local circumstances. This study offers a template for municipalities facing similar challenges in SWM during public health emergencies and beyond.

Drone Technology Application on Solid Waste Management; Investigation of Gwarinpa Area, Abuja

This paper explores the challenges of solid waste management (SWM) in Gwarinpa, Abuja, Nigeria, and assesses the potential of drone technology to enhance SWM in this urban area, particularly in developing countries. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data is sourced from official entities like the National Waste Management Authority (NWMA) and the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMoE), complemented by a survey of 200 households in Gwarinpa. Additionally, qualitative insights are gathered from interviews with 10 stakeholders, including residents, waste collectors, waste managers, and drone operators. The findings indicate that Gwarinpa currently faces significant SWM challenges, characterized by ineffective waste reduction, recycling, and disposal practices. Key issues include inadequate infrastructure, limited funding, poor staff training, and environmental pollution. Conversely, drone technology emerges as a promising solution to enhance SWM by improving efficiency, monitoring performance, reducing costs, ensuring safety, and fostering environmental protection. The study concludes that while drone technology has the potential to revolutionize SWM in Gwarinpa, its successful deployment depends on overcoming several hurdles. These include addressing infrastructural deficiencies, engaging stakeholders effectively, navigating regulatory frameworks, and assessing long-term implications. This study positions drone technology as a viable tool for advancing SWM practices in urban settings, especially within the context of developing countries.

Evaluating the effectiveness and challenges of the solid waste management system in lilongwe city council, Malawi

The current state of Solid Waste Management in Lilongwe City underscores the need to integrate contemporary and technological approaches for more efficient waste handling, with the support of digital solutions. Despite the severity of the solid waste issue impacting various sectors, including households, businesses, industries, and agriculture, there has been minimal effort to educate communities and townships on the importance of waste separation prior to collection. Recognizing that certain types of waste can be recycled for specific purposes, such as in agriculture, is essential. There is also a need for increased individual involvement to address solid waste management challenges, aiming to shift public perception and promote sustainable waste management practices. The rapid pace of waste production, driven by industrialization and population growth, is concerning. Unauthorized dumping has led to an unpleasant environment, noxious odors, and significant health risks through contamination of land, air, and water resources. Addressing these challenges requires focusing on technology and innovative solutions to manage solid waste effectively. This approach should enhance coordination and improve waste management from the point of creation and categorization to disposal at the dumping site. Implementing such methods could help reduce public health issues related to waste mishandling in urban areas. A proposed digital waste management solution, such as a cloud-based application, could represent a significant step towards achieving effective waste management practices in the city.

Solid Waste Management in Luang Prabang Capital Lao PDR

Effective solid waste management is necessary to prevent the spread of diseases and to maintain a clean and healthy living environment. Additionally, proper waste management practices can help reduce pollution and protect the local ecosystem. Therefore, this study emphasizes two main objectives: a) To investigate the current state of solid waste management (SWM) in the capital city of Luang Prabang. b) The satisfaction and needs of people regarding solid waste management (SWM) in the Luang Prabang. The study analysed both qualitative and quantitative data to assess the current state of SWM and the satisfaction and needs of the people. The study identifies several challenges in SWM, including lack of funding, low awareness and poor waste collection and disposal practices. A study was conducted in Luang Prabang, Laos to investigate the satisfaction and needs of people regarding solid waste management (SWM). The study found that the satisfaction level of people regarding the quality of service in managing and disposing of urban waste in the city of Prabang is moderate. The study also found that the needs of the people in terms of service quality in the management and disposal of waste at the urban service office in Prabang have many requirements compared to the current situation. The study’s findings can be used to develop a plan to improve the SWM system in Luang Prabang and meet the needs of the people. The majority of respondents were satisfied with the physical aspects and level of care and attention provided by the SWM system, but not with its performance. The majority of respondents expressed the need for improvements to the SWM system, such as the need for more waste sorting bins and the need for more waste collection staff. In addition, this study found that people in different areas have different levels of satisfaction with the service. Those who are aware of the waste problem are more satisfied with the service than those who are not aware of the problem.

Understanding the performance and challenges of solid waste management in an emerging megacity: Insights from the developing world

Solid waste management has been a cavilling issue in Ghana, especially in Kumasi. Thus, this study examines the challenges and recommendations for solid waste management in the Oforikrom Municipality. Data was obtained from 450 respondents from low, middle- and high-income classes using structured questionnaires and interviews were conducted with 6 waste management stakeholders and 50 market venders. Generally, waste management in the area was described as moderate based on the SWAi rating of 50.8 %. While collection and transportation received high ratings of 71 % and 82 % respectively, challenges are apparent in waste segregation (14 %) and disposal (21 %), marked as critically poor and poor, respectively. The overall moderate rating (50.8 %) underscores a mixed performance, signalling the necessity for enhancing storage conditions (36 %) as well. The study showed that occupation (Chi-Square = 0.893, p = 0.029), income (Chi-Square = 0.933, p = 0.021), and satisfaction with waste management services (p = 0.026) displayed notable effects, highlighting their importance in shaping waste management practices. Data from the respondents revealed inadequate practices due to vehicle breakdowns, high transport costs, and funding limitations. Nevertheless, 59.1 % of households expressed willingness to pay for improved waste collection. The dominant waste types were food waste (40 %) and plastics (5.5 %). Disturbingly, 80 % of the households lacked knowledge about waste disposal methods. The study recommends strengthening education and awareness of waste management to residents, improvement of access routes to households and waste disposal sites, and transport of waste should be done at night to ease traffic congestion.

Unveiling the Impact of Solid Waste Management on Health and Poverty Alleviation in Dhaka City

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, faces significant challenges in solid waste management. This study aims to unlock the transformative power of proper solid waste management (SWM) in improving the health and economic well-being of disadvantaged urban residents in the city. While previous literature has focused primarily on waste collection, disposal and recycling, this study explores waste management as a powerful catalyst for poverty alleviation, unlocking the untapped potential for transformative change. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, expert interviews and a systematic literature review, the study identifies sources of pollution and factors affecting slum dwellers' health and human development indicators. It classifies conditions affecting the health-based vitality of slum dwellers. The paper highlights the potential of sustainable waste management practices to improve health outcomes, reduce disease incidence, and alleviate poverty. It emphasizes the need for policymakers to prioritize comprehensive waste management initiatives and promote community awareness and participation to address these issues. Overall, the research underscores the significance of SWM in fostering sustainable development, enhancing economic growth, and improving the quality of life for all residents of Dhaka. Further research is necessary to unlock the full potential of innovative waste management systems, ensure equitable contribution to the country's economy, improve quality of life and comprehensively understand their economic benefits in terms of long-term poverty alleviation and scalability.

Implementation and Challenges of Solid Waste Management in Communities of a Component City in the Philippines

Waste management is a worldwide issue other than climate change and global warming. In the ASEAN, there is an extraordinary increase in solid waste traced to urbanization, industrial development, and economic growth. While the Philippines enacted the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, local governments passed the Environment Code. This study determined the extent of implementation of the city ordinance on solid waste management of communities in terms of the variables assessed by a sample size of 67 implementers and 384 residents identified by stratified random sampling. It also investigated the challenges encountered by the respondents in the implementation. Likewise, the differences were determined according to the geographical location of coastal, upland, and lowlands and when respondents were grouped according to designation. Using descriptive analysis, the results revealed that, as a whole, implementation of the provisions of the city ordinance is, to a great extent, with waste generation as the highest while handling and on-site storage the lowest, but several challenges were encountered. The comparative analysis revealed no significant difference in the extent of implementation when respondents were grouped according to designation in all areas except waste disposal. However, there was a significant difference when communities were grouped by geographical location, with lowland residents rating higher than the rest. Three groups of challenges emerged from the study: administrative, procedural, and policy issues.

Solid waste management in the context of the waste hierarchy and circular economy frameworks: An international critical review.

Growing populations and consumption drive the challenges of solid waste management (SWM); globalization of transport, food production, and trade, including waste trading, distributes risks worldwide. Using waste hierarchy (WH; reduce, reuse, and recycle) and circular economy (CE) concepts, we updated a conceptual waste framework used by international organizations to evaluate SWM practices. We identified the key steps and the important factors, as well as stakeholders, which are essential features for effective SWM. Within this updated conceptual framework, we qualitatively evaluated global SWM strategies and practices, identifying opportunities, barriers, and best practices. We find that, although a few exceptional countries exhibit zero-waste compliance, most fare poorly, as exhibited by the high waste generation, incineration, and disposal (open dumping, landfilling) volumes. In the Global North, SWM strategies and practices rely heavily on technologies, economic tools, regulatory frameworks, education, and social engagement to raise stakeholder awareness and enhance inclusion and participation; in the Global South, however, many governments take sole legal responsibility for SWM, seeking to eliminate waste as a public "nuisance." Separation and recycling in the Global South are implemented mainly by "informal" economies in which subsistence needs drive recyclable material retrieval. Imported, regionally inappropriate tools, economic constraints, weak policies and governance, waste trading, noninclusive stakeholder participation, data limitations, and limited public awareness continue to pose major waste and environmental management challenges across nations. In the context of the framework, we conclude that best practices from around the world can be used to guide decision-making, globally. Despite variations in drivers and needs across regions, nations in both the Global North and South need to improve WH and CE compliance, and enhance stakeholder partnership, awareness, and participation throughout the SWM process. Partnerships between the Global North and South could better manage traded wastes, reduce adverse impacts, and enhance global environmental sustainability and equity, supporting UN Sustainable Development Goals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:9-35. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Municipal Solid Waste Collection Services in Rapidly Growing Cities of Tanzania

Globally, rapid urban and population growth poses a huge problem for solid waste management (SWM), with developing countries’ fast-growing cities having more SWM challenges than industrialized countries. In Mbeya, Tanzania, a study to investigate the performance of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collection services was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional research design, and a mixed research approach. Questionnaires, interviews, field observations, and document reviews were used to gather information. Among the indicators used to evaluate the performance of Solid Waste (SW) collection services were the levels of community participation in SW collection, means of SW collection, coverage, amount of SW collected daily, facilities for SW collection and transportation, timely SW removal from collection points, and the ability to address SW collection challenges. Quantitative data was analysed using the IBM-SPSS software. Multiple response functions in SPSS were used to analyse questions with more than one answer, while content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings indicate that MSW collection services in Mbeya City are under-performing due to a number of factors, including the lack of vehicles and solid waste storage facilities, delays in removing solid waste from collection points, low city council budget allocation and disbursement for SWM activities, and the lack of willingness of the Mbeya City Council to address MSW collection challenges. It is thus concluded that adopting and enhancing the publicprivate partnership model in SWM is critical to addressing MSW collection difficulties in Tanzania’s rapidly growing cities.