The precise estimation of vegetation transpiration (T) holds significant implications for enhancing our understanding of global carbon, water, and energy cycles. Nonetheless, vegetation transpiration stands out as one of the most challenging hydrological variables to capture on a global scale. In recent years, the newly introduced solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has gained widespread application in the monitoring of photosynthesis within terrestrial ecosystems. It holds promise as a potential parameter for the precise estimation of vegetation transpiration. At various scales (leaf, canopy, and ecosystem), the relationship between SIF and vegetation transpiration has garnered widespread attention. Previous investigations predominantly relied on tower-based SIF or coarse-resolution satellite observations of SIF to assess the association between SIF and vegetation transpiration. The reconstituted SIF data (continuous SIF, CSIF) offer heightened spatial resolution, presenting novel opportunities for elucidating the SIF-T relationship. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether the relationship between SIF and vegetation transpiration is universally applicable or contingent upon specific land cover types. This study globally analyzes the relationship between SIF and vegetation transpiration utilizing reconstituted SIF data (CSIF) in conjunction with vegetation transpiration data acquired from 109 flux tower sites worldwide, encompassing 11 distinct land cover types. The results indicate that: (1) CSIF exhibits strong correlations with site T on both 8-day and monthly temporal scales, with the correlation between CSIF and site T surpassing that of traditional MODIS vegetation indices and site T. (2) Across the 11 land cover types, the majority of the slopes in the CSIF-T linear relationships are essentially consistent, indicating that the relationship between SIF and T is nearly universal rather than specific to particular land cover types. (3) The slope of the CSIF-T linear relationship in C4 vegetation is higher than that in C3 vegetation, indicating that the SIF-T relationship is contingent upon the photosynthetic pathway. (4) A robust linear relationship between CSIF and T emerges under favorable environmental conditions, while under extreme conditions such as water stress, the linear correlation between SIF and T diminishes. Our research findings enhance our understanding of the SIF-T relationship, offering a scientific basis for reliable T estimation on a global scale.