Solar Sources Research Articles

A simple way to integrate distributed storage into a wholesale electricity market

Current plans to decarbonize the electric supply system imply that the generation from wind and solar sources will grow substantially. This growth will increase the uncertainty of system operations due to the inherent variability of these renewable sources, and as a result, more reserve capacity will be required to provide the ramping (flexibility) needed for reliable operations. This paper assumes that all of the increased uncertainty comes from wind farms on the grid, and it shows how distributed storage managed locally by aggregators can provide the ramping needed without introducing a separate market for flexibility. This can be accomplished when the aggregators minimize the expected daily cost of the energy purchased from the grid for their customers by submitting optimal bids into the wholesale market with high and low price thresholds for discharging and charging the storage. This model is illustrated using a stochastic multi-period security constrained optimal power flow together with realistic data for a reduction of the network in the Northeast Power Coordinating Council region of the United States. The results show that the bidding strategy for distributed storage provides ramping to the grid just as effectively as storage managed by a system operator.

Optimization of water-energy-food nexus via an integrated system of solar-assisted desalination and farming

This paper introduces a systematic framework for water-energy-food (WEF) nexus with focus on integrating water desalination (via reverse osmosis and thermal desalination), energy generation (from fossil-based power plants and solar panels), and crop production. Specifically, the paper provides generally applicable and new contributions in formulating WEF nexus problems as multi-objective, multi-period optimization problems with data-driven models based on field work. The paper also established a systematic method for integrating and reconciling farming methods, water technologies, energy-resource selection and operation, carbon footprint, and economic factors. A superstructure representation is used to embed the candidate options and configurations. An optimization formulation is developed to determine the optimal system configuration, water and energy uses and sources, and crop mix selection. A multi-period model is developed to account for the seasonal variability. The optimization model is solved under different carbon-footprint cuts to establish a tradeoff curve between the economic and environmental objectives. To generate the necessary experimental data for a meaningful case study, a year-long field study was carried out to generate experimental data for three fields were constructed in Kuwait using open-field, agrivoltaic, and greenhouse farming methods. The field data were extracted and coupled with the optimization formulation to apply the proposed approach to a case study. First, the optimization formulation was solved to maximize the net profit with no limits on the carbon footprint. The solution of this relaxed formulation gives a maximum profit of 2.127 MM USD/y and an annual emission of 2242 tonne CO2eq. Next, the optimization formulation was solved with the objective of minimizing the total annual emissions. The result was a minimum annual emission of 363 tonne CO2eq that corresponded to 1.366 MM USD/y of profit. The ɛ-constraint method was employed to establish tradeoffs between the economic and environmental objectives. The solutions also provided valuable information on the percentage contribution of solar energy and water sources.

Unraveling energy hub dynamics and political economy toward sustainable urban energy: A multifaceted examination of policy decision making and implementation

In this study, we introduce a visionary approach to sustainable urban energy systems by proposing a multi-carrier power grid or energy hub (EH) that seamlessly integrates electric and gas sources. Our analysis spans the course of four distinct seasons, where we meticulously scrutinize the dynamic demand profiles encompassing power, heat, and cooling power. Our findings reveal significant season-dependent variations in the performance of the EH system, highlighting the propensity for heightened energy consumption during warmer seasons, primarily driven by cooling needs, while a contrasting trend emerges during colder seasons with an emphasis on heating requirements. Furthermore, we investigate the pivotal role of user engagement in demand response programs, elucidating how their active participation results in a notable reduction in overall power consumption, particularly during the warmer months, thereby reshaping energy utilization patterns. To address the intricate optimization challenges inherent in this multifaceted urban energy ecosystem, we introduce the innovative balanced seagull optimization algorithm, which offers an effective solution. Leveraging simulations of the EH system, which harnesses the potential of solar and wind power sources, our study demonstrates compelling outcomes, including amplified EH profits, a decrease in energy system costs, and a reduction in social welfare expenditures. This multifaceted examination underscores the complex interplay between policy decisions, the imperative for sustainable urban energy solutions, and the ever-evolving political-economic landscape. As we navigate toward a more sustainable and resilient urban energy future, this research provides invaluable insights that empower policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders to make informed decisions for the benefit of society and the environment.

Challenges and Solutions for Integration of Energy Storage Systems in Hot Desert Regions

The increasing utilization of solar renewable energy sources in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) regions, including countries such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar, highlights the pressing need for energy storage systems (ESS) to ensure grid stability. ESS can store excess energy during peak generation and supply it during periods of low generation or high demand. However, the harsh environmental conditions and extreme temperatures that are typical of hot desert regions can impact the performance and lifespan of ESS, creating unique integration challenges.Our work explores these challenges and offers solutions for integrating energy storage systems in hot desert regions. Our research shows that while the integration of ESS in hot desert regions is technically feasible and economically viable, it requires careful planning, design, and maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity. The solutions we present in this work can provide valuable guidance for engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders who are working towards a sustainable and resilient energy future in hot desert regions.During the presentation, I will delve into the specific challenges that the harsh environmental conditions and extreme temperatures in hot desert regions pose for the integration of energy storage systems. I will provide examples of how these challenges can impact the performance and lifespan of ESS. Furthermore, I will highlight the solutions that we have identified and presented in our research, which can help overcome the challenges and improve the effectiveness of energy storage systems in hot desert regions.

Sodium thermal electrochemical converter coupled with organic Rankine cycle and thermochemical heat storage for power-heat-power application

The inherent intermittency of solar PV and wind sources makes the power supply from renewables unstable. To mitigate this issue, power-heat-power (PHP) systems have been developed in which surplus/cheap electricity can be stored in the form of high-temperature heat, and whenever needed it can be used for electricity generation using a power cycle. The present work focuses on the integration of an innovative combined cycle consisting of a sodium thermal electrochemical converter (Na-TEC) in combination with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a bottoming cycle, with a redox oxide-based thermochemical heat storage (TCHS) system for PHP application. A Multiphysics model is developed to simulate and analyze the performance of the proposed combined cycle. Parametric optimization is performed to achieve optimal system performance. The proposed Na-TEC/ORC achieved a maximum power density of 0.98 W/cm2 and a maximum conversion efficiency of 40 % which is 21.2 % higher in comparison to a standalone Na-TEC device. A maximum exergetic efficiency of 53 % can be achieved while keeping the evaporator temperature at 1150 K and the condenser temperature at 550 K for this cycle. For the maximum conversion efficiency of Na-TEC, a round-trip-efficiency of 36.1 % is calculated for the proposed PHP system provided the TCHS system is 95 % efficient.

Internet of Thing untuk Memantau Sistem Kelistrikkan Pembudidaya Ikan Hias

The Pondakan Alam Sari ornamental fish cultivator group has approximately 50 types of ornamental fish cultivated for domestic and foreign commodities. Market demand for ornamental fish tends to increase yearly, but the market wants stable prices. This price stability is a dilemma for ornamental fish cultivator groups. One of the determinants of the selling price of ornamental fish is operational costs, especially electricity costs. The increase in basic electricity tariffs causes operational costs to increase. Electricity is used to power the circulating water pump 24 hours non-stop daily. This circulating water pump is very important for producing oxygen in the water. If there is no oxygen in the water, ornamental fish will die. To reduce operational electricity costs, the community service team built a DC electricity system sourced from solar energy so that the circulating water pump source no longer uses PLN electricity. This community service program aims to reduce operational electricity costs by building a DC electricity system sourced from solar energy and an IoT-based monitoring process. The implementation method consists of two stages: (1) building physical capital through a solar energy electricity source and DC pump installation and (2) creating a DC electrical parameter monitoring system with the Blynk IoT platform. The evaluation technique was carried out by comparing planning with the progress of implementing activities. The results and implications of activities include the availability of DC electricity sources from renewable energy, namely solar cells with a power of 960 WP, installing 10 DC pumps, and an IoT-based DC electrical parameter monitoring system. Operational costs in managing an ornamental fish business can be reduced by 46% from before using renewable and IoT-based energy. This result will certainly increase the profit margin of ornamental fish farming.

An ultra‐high voltage gain interleaved converter based on three‐winding coupled inductor with reduced input current ripple for renewable energy applications

AbstractThis article proposes an interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter topology designed for renewable energy applications, featuring an ultra‐high voltage conversion ratio. The converter employs an interleaved structure, resulting in a low peak‐to‐peak ripple in the input source current, which is particularly advantageous for solar PV sources. To enhance the output voltage, the topology utilizes voltage multiplier cells (VMC) and coupled inductor techniques. Two coupled inductors with three windings are integrated into the proposed topology, with the secondary and tertiary windings combined with VMC. This combination effectively reduces the maximum voltage stress across power switches, enabling the use of low‐rated and cost‐effective power switches for implementation. The article offers comprehensive operation modes and steady‐state analyses to demonstrate the converter's performance. A comparison is made between the suggested structure and other similar converter topologies. To validate the mathematical analysis, a 200‐W prototype is constructed, operating at a frequency of 25 kHz and achieving a voltage conversion range of 20 to 409 V. The experimental results are presented to support the findings.

Solar-Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater for Scorching Climatic Condition: Energy, Exergy, Economic and Enviroeconomic (4E) Exploration for Sustainable Future

As solar-powered air source heat pump is an emerging water heating technique in scorching climatic conditions, it is necessary to explore their performance in terms of energy, exergy, economic, and environeconomic (4E) perspective. Henceforth, current research experimentally investigates and reports on 4E of Direct Expansion Solar-Air Source Heat Pump water heater for hot regions. A heat pump with a dual source evaporator is proposed in two working modes: solar air source mode and air source mode. The impact of ambient conditions on the thermal performance, such as power consumption, evaporator and condenser capacity, heating time, coefficient of performance, and exergy efficiency of the heat pump water heating system in both the working modes, was experimentally investigated. Results depict the coefficient of performance of the proposed heat pump system in solar air source mode and air source mode in the range of 2.37-5.05 and 2.26-4.21, respectively. On average, the system heating time in solar air source mode is 16.5% shorter than in air source mode. Based on the simulation results, compared to a conventional standard electric heating system, the payback period and lifetime carbon-dioxide mitigation savings cost of the proposed dual-source heat pump system are about 616 days and $179866, respectively.

Photocatalytic application of bacterial-derived biopolymer in removing pharmaceutical contaminants from water

The inadequate existence of practical techniques for water purification poses a prominent and widespread global environmental challenge. This study aims to clarify the efficacy of xanthan application in the photocatalytic removal of nadolol, pindolol, and cefoperazone from water reservoirs. Under the influence of a simulated solar light source, xanthan exhibited significant degradation rates for pindolol (77%) and cefoperazone (91%). In contrast, nadolol's degradation efficiency was notably lower (10%). These findings suggest that the molecular structure can substantially influence the efficiency of the purification process. Computational analyses were conducted to gain a more profound understanding of the implications of molecular structure.

STUDI POTENSI PLTS ATAP DI MAKASSAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGGUNAAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN DAN MENGURANGI EMISI KARBON

Indonesia is located below the equator and has high exposure to sunlight throughout the year, providing great potential for generating electrical energy from solar sources. The demand for electrical energy in Indonesia continues to increase every year, so that it is very important to take advantage of the abundant potential of solar energy to become a source of renewable energy for power generation. This study focuses on analyzing the potential and effectiveness of using solar power and the challenges in its use, especially in the Makassar area. Solar power can generate up to 112,000 GWp of electricity or the equivalent of 89,600,000 MW. One of the challenges faced in using solar panels is the high material and installation costs, as well as people's dependence on conventional electricity. The Indonesian government has set a target to obtain 23% of the total electricity capacity from renewable energy sources by 2025. One solution is to use a rooftop solar system which can directly convert solar radiation into electrical energy. The energy generated from the Rooftop PLTS system can be stored in a battery that is controlled by a regulator and used at night. The use of on-grid PLTS or Rooftop PLTS can provide the advantage of saving PLN's electricity by 39.9% to 110.5%. It can be concluded that using energy from solar panels in a month can produce carbon gas emissions by 3.3% or carbon gas emissions are reduced by up to 96.7%.

Efficient design of energy microgrid management system: A promoted Remora optimization algorithm-based approach

Microgrids are a promising solution for decentralized energy generation and distribution, offering reliability, efficiency, and resilience. These small-scale power systems can operate independently or connect to the main grid, providing greater reliability and resilience. However, integrating renewable energy into microgrids presents challenges due to their unpredictable nature and fluctuating load of electricity. Energy management strategies play a crucial role in optimizing the operation of microgrids, aiming to balance electricity supply and demand, maximize renewable energy utilization, and minimize operational costs. Various approaches have been proposed for energy management in microgrids, including optimization algorithms, machine learning techniques, and intelligent control systems. This study proposes an optimized and efficient strategy for microgrids operating in both independent and grid-connected modes, focusing on microgrids that utilize a combination of solar and green energy sources. The proposed approach, based on the Promoted Remora Optimization (PRO) algorithm, aims to meet load power requirements at the lowest possible cost while ensuring constant DC bus voltage and safeguarding batteries against overcharging and depletion. The CRO method effectively optimized the charging process, maintaining a consistent level of charge and achieving a final SoC of 33.37 %–33.60 %. It also demonstrated high system efficiency, with an average of 87.99 %, and a range of 87.80 %–88.03 %. The optimizer efficiency ranged from 83.12 % to 86.52 %, with an average of 86.46 %. The CRO method also achieved reasonable operating costs, with a cost per power of $0.1687/kW to $0.1699/kW and a daily cost of $1,379,595 to $1,479,998. Overall, the CRO method showed promise in optimizing the charging process in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Comparative analysis with existing literature is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its superior results compared to other energy management strategies for microgrids. This study contributes to the field of microgrid energy management by providing a novel approach based on the PRO algorithm and demonstrating its effectiveness through comparative analysis.

Hydrothermal Conversion of Microalgae Slurry in a Continuous Solar Collector with Static Mixer for Heat Transfer Enhancement

The continuous solar collector is a promising heater and reactor for the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae biomass. To enhance the heat transfer and hydrothermal conversion of microalgae slurry in solar-driven reactors, a static mixer is inserted in the flow channel of the solar collector. A numerical model combining CFD and HTL reactions of microalgae biomass is proposed. Six composition equations of protein, carbohydrates, lipids, biocrude, aqueous phase and biogas were proposed, while corresponding HTL kinetics were utilized to simulate the conversion rate of the reactants and products. The effects of the twist ratio of the static mixer (3–10), flow rate (30–80 L/h) and solar intensity (650, 750, 850 W/m2) on the flow resistance, heat transfer and organics formation of microalgae slurry were investigated. The swirl flow caused by the static mixer with a twist ratio of three increased the convective heat transfer coefficient (97 W·m−2·K−1) by 2.06 times, while the production rate of biocrude (0.074 g·L−1·s−1) increased by 2.05 times at 50 L/h and 750 W/m2. This investigation gives guidance for utilizing static mixers in solar-driven reactors to optimize the heat transfer and HTL of microalgae biomass with solar heat sources.

Thermodynamic comparison of the operation of the HDH system with water heating or air heating in closed water circulation and semi-open-air circulation

The present study focuses on doing a thermodynamic analysis of a desalination system that utilizes the humidification–dehumidification (HDH) process with semi-open-air (SOA) circulation. The HDH desalination system is a notable example of a developed system utilized for freshwater production. This system has the advantage of being able to derive its energy from solar sources. The categorization of desalination units is determined by the configuration of their components, the direction of water and air movement, and the kind of heating employed for each stream. The present study noted that the utilization of this particular air circulation strategy, while maintaining a constant maximum system temperature, leads to enhanced system efficiency when combined with water heating. However, no substantial impact was detected when this method was employed in conjunction with air heating (AH). Each type of HDH desalination system has a different ratio of mass flow rates (MFRs) for the streams. This means that the efficiency of the system stays the same, no matter how the air moves through the system. The examination of temperature and relative humidity characteristics in the environment has indicated that this particular desalination unit is applicable in places characterized by both arid and humid conditions. Furthermore, in both air and water heating modes, it has been observed that the system employing SOA circulation has superior efficiency when the environment temperature is elevated. In the context of water and/or air heating, when a specific value is assigned to the MFR ratio of the two streams, modifying the mode of air circulation does not have an impact on the overall efficiency of the system. It is shown in this article for HDH with air heater the highest GOR is attained at either FCR = 1 or FCR = 0, depending on the operational temperature of the system. Also The system clearly works at its most efficient (GOR = 3.4) when it's in a Semi-open-air mode (FRC = 0.77) and the temperature is 50 °C. On the other hand, the system efficiency is 2.94 when the air exchange system is closed (FRC = 1). In the same way, the overall efficiency is 2.88 if the air flow is open (FRC = 0).

Multi-objective optimization for reciprocating expansion engine used in compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems

Instability poses a significant challenge for renewable energies such as solar and wind power. Addressing this issue involves generating compressed air and implementing storage solutions (CAES). Reciprocating engines emerge as a viable option for the recovery of compressed air, offering a potential solution to mitigate the instability associated with solar and wind energy sources. The current research initially identified the parameters influencing engine performance. Subsequently, the engine's performance was assessed at input pressures of 10, 8, and 6 bar. The optimization process was then carried out using the Pareto solution as a multi-objective optimization method, complemented by the TOPSIS method. These parameters included the engine speed, piston diameter, piston stroke, inlet port diameter, and outlet port diameter. The results show the optimum engine speed at 6 & 10 bar is 1500 rpm and at 8 bar was 1750 rpm. Also, piston diameter at 6, 8 and 10 bar are obtained 12, 10 and 10 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the power generation at input pressures of 6, 8, and 10 bar was determined to be 15.86 kW, 14.02 kW, and 16.01 kW, respectively.

Desempeño energético de un sistema de bomba de calor geotérmico acoplado a un invernadero

INTRODUCTION. The research focuses on designing and implementing a geothermal heat pump adapted to a 470 m2 greenhouse in the Andean region. OBJECTIVE. The goal is to maintain a temperature of 15 °C at night and 30 °C during the day, replacing conventional energy sources such as LPG and contributing to the sustainability and efficiency of food production in challenging climatic conditions. METHOD. We estimated the energy potential of solar and geothermal sources through precise measurements, which were compared to theoretical models. Subsequently, we calculated the appropriate size for the geothermal heat pump using the vapor compression cycle from the greenhouse's energy balance. Finally, we considered critical variables such as temperature and relative humidity to assess the energy efficiency of a geothermal heat pump. Prediction intervals were determined for the relevant variables to investigate values outside statistical control, and the construction of a heat map revealed heat transfer and thermal behavior in the greenhouse. RESULTS. The results demonstrated the impact of climatic conditions on the performance of the geothermal heat pump. Out of the 3169 analyzed data points, 7% fell outside the prediction intervals. CONCLUSIONS. This analysis underscores the critical influence of the environment on the energy efficiency of greenhouse cooling systems in the Andean region, suggesting the need for more efficient energy management strategies based on environmental conditions.

Green hydrogen production potential of Canada with solar energy

There is an urgent need for countries to study their green hydrogen production potentials using renewable energy resources and develop strategic plans. In this regard, this particular study performs a comprehensive study for Canada to consider its solar energy resources for electrolysis of water for hydrogen production using actual and location-based data. The potentials of solar energy through both onshore and offshore applications are considered and evaluated in the context of green hydrogen production. To assess the potential for green hydrogen generation, this study considers the utilization of both monocrystalline and polycrystalline type solar cells. A potential for the generation of green hydrogen is found after analyzing the solar intensity of each of Canada's 13 provinces. Based on the comprehensive analyses and calculations performed, it is found that Canada possesses a total capacity for green hydrogen generation amounting to 205.69 Mt, 201.12 Mt, and 211.17 Mt, based on alkaline, proton exchange membrane, and anion exchange membrane electrolyser, respectively derived from both onshore and offshore solar energy sources. Among 13 provinces and territories of Canada, the green hydrogen production potentials are found to be 0.34, 1.6, 2.13, 9.16, 11.07, 12.61, 17.81, 19.01, 19.75, 20.11, 25.62, 29.94, and 39.54 Mt, for Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Nunavut, British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec accordingly.

Forbush Decreases and Geomagnetic Disturbances: 1. Events Associated with Different Types of Solar and Interplanetary Sources

Forbush Decreases and Geomagnetic Disturbances: 1. Events Associated with Different Types of Solar and Interplanetary Sources

The revolution of matrix converter: moving towards decarbonization technology

The matrix converter is a power electronic device that can be used to control the flow of electricity in various industrial and commercial applications. In recent years, the matrix converter has become increasingly popular as a means of decarbonizing energy production. One of the primary benefits of the matrix converter is its ability to efficiently convert AC power to DC power, and vice versa. This is critical in renewable energy systems that rely on DC power, such as solar panels and wind turbines. Therefore, this paper presents the revolution of the matrix converter, which focuses on the single-phase topology, and its applications, especially for renewable energy and battery storage. The operations of a matrix converter to convert DC power from solar panels and wind turbine sources to AC power suitable for use on the power grid are presented as well as the appropriate switching algorithms. To achieve this, the SPMC can be designed to handle multiple input voltages and frequencies and to generate multiple output voltages and frequencies. This can be done by using a combination of modulation techniques, such as carrier based PWM, along with appropriate switching patterns. Therefore, a multi-input multi-output converter (MIMO) using matrix converter is a power electronics converter that can handle multiple inputs and multiple outputs voltages and frequencies using only one circuit topology. Thus, the topology can offer several advantages over traditional power converters such as reduced size and cost, high efficiency, improved power quality and flexibility. This is crucial for a decarbonized energy system because it makes renewable energy sources more effective. Its ability to efficiently convert power, regulate power flows, and operate reliably makes it an important tool in the transition to a decarbonized energy system.

Optimal integration of hybrid pumped storage hydropower toward energy transition

This study explores the advantages of combining variable renewable energy sources like solar and wind with a pumped storage hydroelectric (PSH) system for grid integration. The hybrid modeling systems considered in this study consist of four distinct schemes and seasons to ensure their adaptability to real-world conditions. Each scheme is defined by specific rules and algorithms, including those without PSH, with PSH, with PSH adjustments, and with an optimized schedule for the PSH storage system. The last scheme of daily simulation with an optimization solver is used to optimize the integration of PSH with a hybrid power system that uses solar and wind energy as primary renewable sources by minimizing the daily operating costs. The optimal value is derived from the minimized operating costs and incoming and outgoing energy accumulation. The dispatch system includes load demand satisfaction considering the intermittent nature of solar and wind sources and demand fluctuations presented with a hybrid system of PV solar, wind turbines, PSH, and other power generators as backup. Limitations of the study include considering various factors influencing the integration of a PSH unit, such as different ecological and geographical conditions, distinct atmospheric data, and varying load and demand patterns, which may result in different outcomes in different situations. The results show that using the developed model to optimally schedule the integration of PSH with renewables and the hybrid system in each season provides significant cost savings and CO₂ emissions reductions while meeting the same load patterns. Namely, it can be inferred from the tested schemes that PSH plays a crucial role in facilitating the transition to sustainable energy sources. This is evident through project financing results, which indicate a favorable positive Net Present Value (NPV) and a relatively short payback period of 5 years. Furthermore, Scheme 4 demonstrates the potential for a substantial 84 % reduction in CO₂ emissions during the summer season, and daily costs can be significantly lowered by over 90 % across all seasons. Overall, two simplified net present value and payback period estimation models have shown feasible project financing for a simulation period of 25 years with an interest rate of 10 % for the combined PSH and hybrid system.

Pinch and exergy assessment of an innovative hydrogen and methane purification process configuration based on solar renewable energy

Energy recovery from waste sources and developing new high-performance systems are essential to minimize energy consumption. A novel purification structure is developed to produce hydrogen and liquid natural gas (LNG) using exhaust gases from various industries, mixed refrigeration system, organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and solar energy sources. Solar parabolic trough collectors are used to supply energy in the low-temperature ORC. The proposed system produces 1.922 kg/s hydrogen with purity of 94.25 mol% and 1.777 kg/s LNG as the main product by consuming 10.56 kg/s crude hydrogen feed gas. The LNG and pure hydrogen specific power consumption (SPC) are 0.4111 and 0.3803 kWh/kg, respectively. The SPC of the sum of both products is obtained at 0.1975 kWh/kg. The methane and hydrogen recovery factors are 94.80% and 98%, respectively, indicating maximum methane and hydrogen absorption of the crude hydrogen feed gas. The exergy analysis indicates that the total exergy destruction of the integrated system is calculated at 5561 kW, and its exergy efficiency is obtained as 28.56%. The heat exchanger networks for the HE1, HE2, HE3, HE4, and HE6 multi-stream heat exchangers are extracted through the pinch strategy. The multi-stream heat exchangers have 8, 13, 6, 8, and 2 simple heat exchangers. The outcome results obtained from the parametric study is a 25.88% increase in the production rate of the main products (LNG and pure hydrogen). In addition, when the ratio of LNG to fuel gas increases by 48.08%, the ratio of main product to by-product increases from 54 to 62 mol%. By performing parametric analysis, it can be concluded that increasing the hydrogen content of the crude feed improves the performance of the system.