Solar Vehicle Research Articles

“Зеленый курс” администрации Дж. Байдена: амбиции и реалии

The ambitious “green” industrial policy program promoted by the Biden administration is designed to consolidate the US claims to its leading role in shaping the global climate change agenda. The package of legislative acts approved by the White House provides for unprecedented allocations to address priorities for decarbonizing the American economy. Pumping up targeted manufacturing industries with federal subsidies and tax incentives has generally had a positive impact on economic growth, employment, labor productivity and innovation activity. After the adoption of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), the process of transforming alternative energy into the fastest growing and relatively affordable source of electricity attractive for private investment accelerated. Large-scale investments of public and private funds in renewable energy sources, electric transport and batteries have stimulated the use of national resources. At the same time, the task set by the White House to achieve sole global leadership and weaken the dependence of national industry on supplies of raw materials, components and finished products from “unfriendly” countries still looks elusive. The most significant obstacle to meeting Washington’s overstated ambitions in terms of increasing the chances of American companies competing with China is the continuing lag in building up the production base of “green” energy. The US dependence on supplies of the “green triad” – solar panels, lithium-ion batteries and electric vehicles remains high. Washington’s aggressive protectionist actions have failed to prevent Chinese companies from developing alternative energy sources, as well as the new energy vehicle industry (NEVs). The confrontation with China distracts the material resources of the United States from the tasks related to the implementation of the “new green deal”, creates obstacles to the scaling of “green” technologies. If the Biden administration or his successor as US president act even more aggressively, it will make it more difficult to achieve Washington’s climate goals, may involve some US allies in a “subsidy war” and may even serve as a trigger for a new escalation of international tensions.

Are Solar Panels and Electric Vehicles Substitutes or Complements?

Are Solar Panels and Electric Vehicles Substitutes or Complements?

Solar wireless electric vehicle charging system

Solar wireless electric vehicle charging system

Net Zero Corridors—Enabling Urban Regeneration and Net Zero Cities

The net zero city can be a new priority if urban professionals show that it enables cost-effective urban regeneration through the new concept of net zero corridors. Net zero requires the integration of net zero technologies such as solar, batteries, and electric vehicles into transport and buildings. These technologies work well at the small, local scale, so if they can be developed into a corridor of net zero precincts, enabled by net zero transit systems, then urban regeneration can be achieved with reduced car dependence. The net zero corridor approach to urban regeneration enables a city’s historic economic and cultural roles, as well as pursuing the next economy’s climate agenda. Mid-tier transit, like trackless trams, are likely to be the best approach to enabling a corridor of net zero precincts with distributed energy systems. The paper sets out the new planning practice required to deliver such net zero corridors with community-based power, governance, local transport systems, and urban design to create strong place-based urban activation. This requires a particular focus on the type of urban fabric in each corridor. The paper illustrates how it can work based on a five-year research project in Australian cities. Four steps to deliver a net zero corridor are outlined. The paper is complemented by the Commentary on “Trackless Trams: An Emerging Transformative Opportunity,” by Peter Newman showing the personal journey to change the priorities of cities in transport and energy.

Design, simulation and analysis of solar electric vehicle charging station

Design, simulation and analysis of solar electric vehicle charging station

Resiliency-Guided Grid-Forming Converter Control of Distributed Solar-Powered Electric Vehicles

Resiliency-Guided Grid-Forming Converter Control of Distributed Solar-Powered Electric Vehicles

Integration Challenges and Solutions for Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: From Panel to Battery

The integration of solar power with electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure presents a promising avenue to foster sustainable transportation. This study delves into the multifaceted challenges encountered in the synthesis of solar-powered EV charging stations and proffers solutions that span the complete energy transfer chain from photovoltaic panels to EV batteries. Initial concerns address the intermittent nature of solar energy and its impact on the reliability of power delivery. Advanced energy management strategies are explored, incorporating predictive analytics and real-time adjustment mechanisms to enhance the consistency and efficiency of power flow. The second part of the investigation scrutinizes the power electronics interface, emphasizing the need for high-efficiency converters that can operate effectively over varied solar insolation levels. Novel circuit topologies are presented, alongside adaptive control algorithms designed to optimize the power conversion process. Collectively, the findings underscore the potential of solar-powered EV charging infrastructure to not only support the decarbonization of transportation but also to contribute to the stability and efficiency of the power grid. The intersection of power electronics, energy management, and grid integration forms the cornerstone of this endeavor, with each domain providing critical components to the holistic solution. It culminates in a set of recommendations for policy, design, and operation that can accelerate the adoption of this technology.

Design, Simulation, and Analysis of Solar Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Design, Simulation, and Analysis of Solar Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Energy-Optimal Trajectory Planning for Near-Space Solar-Powered UAV Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

Energy-Optimal Trajectory Planning for Near-Space Solar-Powered UAV Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

Comparative Analysis and Optimal Operation of an On-Grid and Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station

One of the key strategies for decarbonization and green transportation is using electric vehicles (EVs). However, challenges like limited charging infrastructure, EV battery characteristics, and grid integration complexities persist. This study proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach to optimize a grid-connected solar PV-based commercial EV charging station (SPEVCS) with a battery energy storage system (BESS) for profit maximization. The MILP model efficiently manages SPEVCS operations, considering solar power fluctuations, EV charging patterns, and BESS usage. By coordinating charging schedules, grid stability is reinforced, and excess solar power can be lucratively managed. Comparing grid-connected and off-grid SPEVCS scenarios highlights grid integration benefits. Solar power mismatches with optimal charging periods pose a challenge, addressed here by BESS utilization and import/export of deficit/surplus power from/to the grid. The proposed framework incorporates solar power forecasts and probabilistic EV arrival predictions, enhancing decision accuracy. This approach fosters viable commercial EV charging, promotes green transportation, and reinforces grid resilience.

Review of Power Quality and Stability of EV Charging with Grid and PV Solar

As a sustainable mode of transportation, electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity, and their integration with the power grid and photovoltaic (PV) solar systems is essential for their widespread adoption. Solar PV and EV systems have improved based on the generation and demands of the power grid. However, incorporating EV chargers with the grid and PV solar systems can cause power quality issues and stability problems that can impact the charger's performance and affect the charging procedure. EV technologies are divided into two major components: electric propulsion systems and EV charging systems. The electric propulsion system delivers the necessary energy for the EV motor in an EV system. In addition, with higher penetration, EVs and PVs are anticipated to emerge as new participants in the energy market operation and can play a crucial role in redefining the market. Many have integrated into the electricity network to reach renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar PV. The study concludes that continued research and development are necessary to upgrade the power quality and solidness of EV charging frameworks, to ensure the seamless integration of PV solar systems and electric vehicles into the grid, and to promote sustainable transportation.

Comparison of Aerodynamics and Flight Performance of Fixed Wing Solar Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle When Separate Lift and Thrust Vertical Take-Off and Landing System is Installed

The objective of this research paper is to analyze the effects of installing a separate Lift and Thrust vertical takeoff system for fixed-wing solar powered UAVs in terms of flight performance changes. This research article uses a prototype aircraft in this study, which is a fixed-wing aircraft powered by an electrical system and equipped with a solar system. There are 2 types of designs, namely the type with installation and without installation of the Vertical Take-Off and Landing system which the vertical take-off and landing aircraft compared to the normal configuration will weigh 42.48% more and have a zero-lift drag coefficient of 67.1% more. The initial step involves creating an aircraft model in the XFLR5 software to assess the lift and drag coefficients and compare them with the wind tunnel test results. Subsequently, the software analysis findings are used to evaluate the flight performance of both aircraft configuration, as well as to identify the performance changes that occur when the VTOL system is installed. The outcomes align with expectations, installing a VTOL system leads to a significant reduce in flight performance, In particular, the Endurance and maximum range of vertical take-off aircraft are only 41.55% and 43.43% of normal aircraft and for solar-powered systems. The vertical takeoff has the Endurance and range is 31.46% and 32.06% of normal aircraft equipped with solar systems. which can be distinctly contrasted with the performance of aircraft in various aspects. However, these compromises are made in exchange for the capability to take off and land vertically.

Taiwan solar-powered UAV flight endurance record

Solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) possess a unique capability to maintain continuous flight for hours, days, weeks, or even months. This research aims to develop a solar-powered UAV that can fly at low altitudes with extended endurance to establish a new record for full-day continuous flight in Taiwan. The UAV was designed with a 4.7 m wingspan and a T-tail configuration to achieve this goal, utilizing materials and components available in the current market. The flight test was conducted on 2 June 2022, resulting in a remarkable 21 h and 50 min of flight endurance, setting a record in Taiwan. While the full-day flight endurance target was not met, the UAV demonstrates the potential to achieve greater endurance with improvements in its construction and operational aspects.

Mathematical Modeling and Validation of Solar-Induced Ventilation System for Vehicle Cabin Cooling in Hot Parking Conditions

Exposure to direct sunlight raises interior temperatures in vehicle cabins, risking heat-related illnesses. Solar passive techniques mitigate this issue, especially during hot parking conditions. However, a comprehensive mathematical model encompassing both solar chimney and vehicle cabin is lacking. This study develops a novel mathematical model to predict temperature distribution and airflow rate, enhancing system performance evaluation. The system comprises a solar air collector with an adjustable arm mounted on the vehicle's roof. The model was validated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental work is conducted with the physical model with an air gap of 0.1 m, 0.77 m width, and a 1.12 m collector length under outdoor conditions. Results indicated a gradual increase in temperatures of the glass cover, air in the collector channel, absorber, and mass airflow rate with solar radiation intensity, significantly influencing system performance. The high value of R2 and the consistency of the model's results with theoretical and experimental outcomes justified the validity and accuracy of the proposed model, exhibiting a deviation percentage of less than 10%. The developed model can be utilized to study influential parameters for optimizing the proposed strategy's performance and components, yielding comparable results to experimental data. Additionally, it provides researchers and car makers with a broader perspective and a range of options for further improvement in weight, size, cost, and aerodynamic of the vehicle.

Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

As vehicles continue to dominate the transportation industry, serious questions are being raised as to the environmental harm caused by internal combustion engine (ICE) powered vehicles. Recently, there has been a surge in the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) as a supposedly less damaging alternative to ICEs. While some studies have shown that EVs can be more harmful to the environment due to the emissions in their production and electricity generation, there are aspects that have the potential to be improved. Solar power has emerged as a viable option, as it is available reliably in most locations and can be placed in various locations. More specifically, in order to maximize EV adoption by increasing infrastructure, an everyday location, such as a school. However, solar panels do have several variables that affect their exposure to sunlight. Since the angle of installation can be readily controlled, a solar panel apparatus was set up to figure out the most effective angle for power generation. This solar panel data, in conjunction with local vehicle data, school parking lot data, and school roof data, is used to generate an infrastructure plan for the school of study. The findings conclude that the solar panels required to power the 11 EV chargers calculated to be appropriate for current demand would cover about 5,469 square feet. The calculation of these numbers not only proves the feasibility of such an infrastructure plan but also the relatively unobstructive nature of the infrastructure, further highlighting its practical application.

Development Of Solar Powered Static Wireless Charging System For Electric Vehicles

Abstract: Electric vehicles have been introduced to the contemporary world, aligning with the increasing integration of new technologies into daily life. Despite the use of electric vehicles, certain limitations persist, including issues such as heating during charging, potential charging depletion, a scarcity of charging stations, and the high installation cost of such stations. Addressing these challenges, this project proposes a wireless electric vehicle charging station with monitoring capabilities. The aims include preventing overcharging, monitoring battery levels, ensuring cost-effectiveness, promoting eco-friendliness, and strategically placing charging stations in urban areas. The project specifically focuses on the design of a solar-powered electric vehicle charging system, offering a solution to the key issues of fuel dependency and environmental pollution. Electric vehicles have gained global traction and are progressively becoming more prevalent. Beyond their environmental advantages, electric vehicles contribute to cost reduction by substituting electricity for fuel, which is a more economical alternative. This project presents an innovative solution for EV charging, eliminating the need for wires, enabling charging while in motion, harnessing solar power to sustain the charging system, and operating without external power supply requirements. The system incorporates components such as a solar panel, battery, transformer, regulator circuitry, copper coils, AC to DC converter, Atmega controller, and LCD display. Through this integration, the system showcases the wireless charging capability for electric vehicles at charging stations. The LCD display provides real-time information on the total cost, eliminating the necessity for halting the vehicle during the charging process. In summary, the project demonstrates the viability of a solar-powered wireless charging system for electric vehicles, presenting a forward-looking approach to integration.

Economic Feasibility of Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: A Case Study in Ngawi, Indonesia

Economic Feasibility of Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: A Case Study in Ngawi, Indonesia

AERODYNAMIC OPTIMISATION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOLAR-POWERED UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE

Solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with long endurance can be utilised for area surveillance as the regenerative nature of solar energy makes such UAVs a terrestrial satellite with 24/7 endurance. This paper presents an aerodynamic optimisation scheme for UAVs through the selection of airfoils and wing planform during the preliminary design phase. Sizing of the tail and control surface based on historical trends for similar aircraft is also substantiated. Finally, detailed aerodynamic and stability analyses of the optimised configuration validate adequate flying and handling qualities of UAVs. The optimisation effort increased the endurance factor by 19.75 percent. This increase will conserve the energy required to overcome in-flight drag and surplus power that can be utilised by onboard equipment.

Optimization of distribution network operating parameters in grid tied microgrid with electric vehicle charging station placement and sizing in the presence of uncertainties

ABSTRACT The power generated by renewable sources is prone to uncertainties which encourages to perform effective modelling to ensure the reliable operation of the grid-connected microgrid (MG) system. This work focuses on the uncertainty modelling of primary sources of solar power, wind power and electric vehicle (EV) load considering three factors battery capacity, state of charge (SoC) and type of EVs charged by employing Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) to minimize the distribution system's voltage stability, reliability and power loss (VRP) index. The objective function is tested on the modified IEEE-33 bus distribution system under three diverse scenarios with optimum sizing and placement of RESs and EVCS. To obtain optimal solutions for the proposed problem in a reasonable computation time, modified version of teaching and learning-based optimization (TLBO) and the JAYA algorithm are applied as the rate of convergence is superior to other existing methods in the literature and does not require any precise control parameters. For all the scenarios, it can be seen that the modified JAYA algorithm outperforms TLBO and other existing approaches. The findings of the results reveal the efficacy of uncertainty modelling in a proposed grid-connected DC MG to curtail the VRP index.

Smart Drone with Renewable Smart System

In order to lessen its negative effects on the environment and to maintain its future operations in a clear, renewable, and sustainable manner, the aviation industry has begun developing designs that are dependent on alternative energy sources but also friendly to the environment and conventional energy. Solar energy has been suggested as a potential remedy. Aerial vehicles driven by solar energy are viewed as essential to limiting the consequences of global warming. In this study, a MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to simulate a mathematical model of a solar-powered BLDC motor of a UAV. under photovoltaic (PV) array systems, the phrase "maximum power point tracking" (MPPT) is crucial to ensuring that, under specific circumstances, the connected systems receive the greatest power output. This study simulates "fuzzy logic control," one of the preferred MPPT methods, using a solar-powered BLDC motor for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design. The PV cell, MPPT, buck-boost converter, and BLDC motor models in the cascade structure are simulated, tested, and the results are compared to the DC motor technical data. As a result, despite changes in irradiance, the results of mathematical model simulation overlap with motor technical reference values. A mathematical model of a solar-powered BLDC motor for a UAV is created and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, in contrast to prior solar-powered BLDC motor literature efforts. The fuzzy logic control MPPT technique is preferred for adjusting the maximum power output at the solar cell, and a buck-boost converter structure is connected between the MPPT and the BLDC motor mathematical model. It is recommended for usage in solar-powered UAV designs in the future.