Influence Of Soil Type Research Articles

Morfološke osobine biljke i reproduktivna sposobnost semena hajdučke trave (Achillea millefolium L.) u zavisnosti od pedo-ekoloških uslova

The paper analyzes the influence of soil type and its agrochemical characteristics on the morphological and productive parameters of different yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) populations. At 8 locations the following fertility parameters were analyzed: pH (H2 O), pH (KCl), CaCO3 (%), humus (%), total N (%), available P2 O5 and K2 O (mg 100 g-1 soil). From the morphological parameters, the following were measured: plant height, number of leaves, number and diameter of the head, from the productive parameters, the fresh above-ground masses per plant, the fresh above-ground masses and seeds yield per hectare and the harvest index were analyzed. Among the quality parameters of yarrow seeds, germination energy, total germination and weight of 1,000 seeds were examined. The largest number of heads (13.6), a diameter of heads (1.9 cm) and seed yield (386.0 kg ha-1) had the population of yarrow from the location Pančevo (Am1). In this variant, seeds with the highest germination energy (48.8%) and total germination (53.4%) were obtained. The population in this locality was in second place in fresh above-ground masses yield (15,604.0 kg ha-1). The highest fresh above-ground masses yield per hectare, was obtained in variant Am5 (location Starčevo "rit"). The lowest values of morphological and productive parameters and the weakest quality of seeds were found in the yarrow plants originating from soils with less natural fertility and soils located in urban areas.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ON GROWTH AND ARTEMISININ CONTENT OF WORMWOOD (ARTEMISIA ANNUA L.) CHEN YOUNG VARIETY IN SOKOTO

Artemisia annua L. produce an array of complex secondary plant metabolite including artemisinin (ART), which kills the principal malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, a compound of current interest in the treatments of drug resistant malaria. However, this compound remain expensive and hardy available on global scale. Synthesis of ART has been proved to be economically impossible. Therefore, increase in yield of natural occurring ART is necessary. The study evaluated the influence of soil types on germination, growth and artemisinin content of A. annua of Chen Young variety in Sokoto agro ecological region of Nigeria and. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2017 at Botanical garden of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. The seeds were sown in plastic pots containing clay, sandy and loamy soils in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Germination percentage (G), Mean germination time (MT), Coefficient of variation of the germination time (CVt), Mean germination rate (MR), Uncertainty of germination (U) and Synchrony of germination (Z) were evaluated. Growth parameter and Artemisinin content were also determined. ART was determined and quantified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using calibration curve constructed by plotting the peak area against the concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 µg/ml) of ART standard solutions. The results revealed that soil types had no significant effect on germination and growth parameters evaluated (P<0.05). However, clay had the highest G, MT and CVt than sandy and loamy soils. The highest speed of germination per day was observed on sandy soil. Clay soil had the least values of U (2.277±0.2 bit) while the degree of overlapping germination was frequent in the clay (Z). The result obtained shows that treatment had no significant effect on the growth parameters evaluated (P<0.05). Artemisinin content was significantly affected by soil type with the higher content in sandy soil (37.73 µg/ml) follow by clay and loamy soils with 17.90 and 15.70 µg/ml respectively. This study concludes that A. annua seeds can germinate and survived on different soils type in Savanna region of Nigeria. The study suggested the use of sandy soil in cultivation of the plant for its influence on high artemisinin content.

Study on the evolution characteristics of temperature and heat storage of the soil surrounding the tunnel with years

The thermal energy performance of subway tunnel plays a key role to guarantee the operation safety of train. Most of the previous research focused on the air temperature in tunnel, but neglected the temperature of surrounding soil. This study investigated the energy performance, i.e., heat absorption and release, and spatial and temporal change of the soil temperature around subway tunnels by reduced-scale experiments with validated CHAMP-BES CHAMPS-BES (Coupled Heat, Air, Moisture and Pollutant Simulation in Building Envelope Systems) simulations. On the one hand, the experimental results showed that the soil temperature reached a dynamic balance in 10th year. The semi-infinite soil surrounding the tunnel is beneficial to control the tunnel air temperature in first 10 years. On the other hand, considering the influence of soil property parameters and types on soil temperature field, the small density, small specific heat capacity and large thermal conductivity of tunnel surrounding soil was recommended on design of subway tunnel due to the great heat storage capacity. The sandstone has the best heat storage capacity. The results showed that the heat storage of per cubic meter sandstone surrounding the tunnel in Southwest China is 71% more than that of clay in South China within 20 years. Therefore, choosing Sandstone as the soil surrounding the tunnel was recommended for practical engineering. This work not only contributes to the safety and reliability of the subway’s operation, but also provides theoretical foundations for the temperature control in the tunnel, benefiting the energy conservation of the train air conditioning systems both in the train and in the subway station.

Soil type, vegetation cover and temperature determinants of the diversity and structure of dung beetle assemblages in a South African open woodland and closed canopy mosaic

AbstractRegional biogeographical patterns result from a complex combination across habitat, climate and environmental variables. Biotic and abiotic variables strongly influence the diversity and spatial distribution patterns. However, very few studies analyse the close interaction and effect of environmental variables on diversity at fine spatiotemporal scales. In this study, we evaluated the influence of soil type, vegetation cover and temperature on species diversity and functional structure of dung beetle assemblages. Dung beetle species were sampled using pitfall traps baited with cattle dung from sandy and clay soils in open woodland and closed canopy areas in Mkhuze Game Reserve, KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. We performed a PERMANOVA, a PERMDISP and an NMDS to analyse differences in species composition between soil and vegetation cover types. To test the effect of environmental variables on species richness and abundance, we performed a generalised least squares model. Lastly, we searched for nodes using a bipartite analysis to evaluate network’s potential modularity. We collected 1439 specimens comprising 27 species and 13 genera. Species composition differed between environmental variables. Soil type was the most important driver for changes in dung beetle species composition. Species richness and abundance were influenced by the interaction between soil type and vegetation cover. The combination of microenvironmental preferences potentially influenced the dung beetle assemblage diversity and functional structure. Combining all these preferences may act as a dilution mechanism of interspecific competition in saturated habitat conditions, reducing the number of species that potentially interact and generating a modular network structure of the assemblage.

Influences of mycorrhizal inoculum on Cd and Pb uptake by wheat plant

Influences of mycorrhizal inoculum on Cd and Pb uptake by wheat plant

Hysteretic Energy Demand under Superposition of Bidirectional Ground Motions

To address the irrationality of making a structure subjected to bidirectional ground motions equivalent to an SDOF system, a new approach method is presented in this paper. The ratio between modal participation factors of the two components of the structure is expressed as γ, and the superposition of bidirectional ground motions is regarded as one-directional earthquake excitation for the equivalent SDOF system. Based on this, an energy balance equation is established, and a method used to estimate normalized hysteretic energy (NHE) is proposed. Analysis of the ratio between NHE (γ ≠ 0) and NHE (γ = 0) is suggested in order to analyze the influence of bidirectional ground motions on hysteretic energy demand, and then, “α1 = NHE (γ ≠ 0)/NHE (γ = 0)” is defined, and bidirectional ground motion records for different soil sites are selected for establishing superimposed excitations. In addition, the period range of 0–5 s for the energy spectrum is divided into 6 ranges. In each period range, the means of α1 are defined as α. The curves of α of constant ductility factors for different soil sites are established, in which α is the vertical coordinate and γ is the horizontal coordinate. Through nonlinear response history analysis, the influence of soil types at different sites, the ductility factor, the ratio of modal participation factors, and the period on the values of α are analyzed. According to the analytical results, correction coefficient αs (the simplified value of α) is obtained so that the hysteretic energy demand under bidirectional ground motions can be determined.

Quantitative prediction of dynamic HTO migration behavior in the soil and non-negligible evapotranspiration effect

Tritium is mainly produced from nuclear facilities apart from nuclear tests. After being released to the environment, tritium would cause water & food contamination due to its radioactivity and mobility. This study investigated dynamic characteristics of tritiated water (HTO) migration in the soil and evapotranspiration effect based on realistic environmental conditions. The influences of soil types and time-varying environmental factors such as precipitation and evapotranspiration on tritium migration behaviors were specially discussed under normal continuous and accidental short-term release conditions. Radiation dose caused by dynamic tritium evapotranspiration was evaluated. The results show that tritium migration velocity in the soil is much higher than other particles such as cesium due to negligible adsorption of tritium by the soil. Tritium migration in the soil from up to down is attributed to precipitation. On the contrary, evapotranspiration factor would carry tritium movement along the opposite direction. A considerable fraction approximately 55% of tritium deposited in the soil would be reemitted into the air from bare soil and plant leaves due to evapotranspiration effect. Subsequently, the radiation dose caused by second plume due to evapotranspiration effect might be higher than the first plume due to direct release from the nuclear facility under routine discharge.

Alfalfa Rotation Strategy and Soil Type Influence Soil Characteristics and Replanted Alfalfa Yield in the Irrigated Semiarid, Subtropical Southwestern USA

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) establishment failure is often attributed to autotoxicity when alfalfa is reseeded shortly after termination of the previous alfalfa stand, but renovation/rotation strategies for irrigated semiarid, subtropical environments have not been studied. Two identical studies were initiated at the New Mexico State University Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center at Tucumcari, NM, USA to compare continuous alfalfa (ALF), a single year of rotation to sorghum-sudangrass (SS1; Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf), two years of rotation with sorghum-sudangrass (SS2), and winter wheat forage (Triticum aestivum L.) followed by a single season of sorghum-sudangrass (WW/SS). Soil type and renovation/rotation strategy may influence soil fertility prior to replanting alfalfa, but soil fertility did not appear to influence alfalfa re-establishment or first production year yields. With a Test x Rotation interaction due to differences between tests for WW/SS for first production year yield after September alfalfa replanting, the main effect of Rotation was significant for yield (6.43AB, 5.3B0, 6.92A, and 3.54C Mg ha−1 for ALF, SS1, SS2, and WW/SS, respectively; 5% LSD = 1.22). Alfalfa stand destruction and replanting with no intervening crop rotation may be feasible in sandy soils with irrigation in the semiarid, subtropical southwestern USA and similar environments.

Identification and ecotoxicity prediction of pyrisoxazole transformation products formed in soil and water using an effective HRMS workflow

Pyrisoxazole, an isoxazoline-class fungicide, has been registered and used for approximately 19 years. However, its environmental transformation products (TPs) and corresponding ecotoxicological effects remain ambiguous. In this study, the photolysis, hydrolysis, and soil transformation behavior of pyrisoxazole were systematically investigated by indoor simulation experiments and analyzed by liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and UNIFI software. Transformation products in different environemnts were effectively identfied by a proposed workflow, which organically combined suspect and non-target screening strategies. In total, 17 TPs were screened out. Eight TPs were confirmed using the corresponding reference standards. Structures of another 9 compounds were tentatively proposed based on diagnostic evidence. Among them, 14 products were reported for the first time. The transformation pathways of pyrisoxazole in soil and water were proposed. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the different pH of aqueous solutions had little effect on the pathways, while the influence of different soil types and oxygen conditions was evident. Finally, the toxicity of the proposed TPs to fish and daphnids was predicted using ECOSAR software. These proposed TPs in soil and water, transformation pathways, and predicted ecotoxicity information could provide systematic insight into the fate and environmental risks of pyrisoxazole.

Soil type influence nutrient availability, microbial metabolic diversity, eubacterial and diazotroph abundance in chickpea rhizosphere.

Rhizosphere microbial communities are dynamic and play a crucial role in diverse biochemical processes and nutrient cycling. Soil type and cultivar modulate the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities. Changes in the community composition significantly alter microbial function and ecological process. We examined the influence of soil type on eubacterial and diazotrophic community abundance and microbial metabolic potential in chickpea (cv. BG 372 and cv. BG 256) rhizosphere. The total eubacterial and diazotrophic community as estimated through 16S rDNA and nifH gene copy numbers using qPCR showed the soil type influence with clear rhizosphere effect on gene abundance. PLFA study has shown the variation in microbial community structure with different soil types. Differential influence of soil types and cultivar on the ratio of Gram positive to Gram negative bacteria was observed with most rhizosphere soils corresponding to higher ratios than bulk soil. The rhizosphere microbial activities (urease, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase) were also assessed as an indicator of microbial metabolic diversity. Principal component analysis and K-means non-hierarchical cluster mapping grouped soils into three categories, each having different soil enzyme activity or edaphic drivers. Soil type and cultivar influence on average substrate utilization pattern analyzed through community level physiological profiling (CLPP) was higher for rhizosphere soils than bulk soils. The soil nutrient studies revealed that both soil type and cultivar influenced the available N, P, K and organic carbon content of rhizosphere soil. Our study signifies that soil type and cultivar jointly influenced soil microbial community abundance and their metabolic potential in chickpea rhizosphere.

Influence of soil type on statistical characteristics and graphical results interpretation of the water storage distribution monitoring along the vertical of the soil profile

Influence of soil type on statistical characteristics and graphical results interpretation of the water storage distribution monitoring along the vertical of the soil profile

Numerical investigations of long-term thermal performance of a large water pit heat storage

Water pit heat storage is an effective long-term heat storage. Experimental and theoretical investigations of a 60,000 m3 water pit heat storage in Dronninglund, Denmark was carried out with an aim to study its long-term thermal performance. Experimentally, detailed measurements were analyzed to monitor thermal behavior of the store, including flow rates, temperatures of the inlet and outlet flow, thermal stratification in the store and temperatures of the surrounding soil at four different depths. Theoretically, a simulation model of the water pit heat storage was developed based on the Type 343 model (ICEPIT) in TRNSYS. The calculated temperatures were compared to the measurements. The developed model was used to investigate the influence of soil properties and inlet arrangement on the thermal performance of the store. The result show that the simulation model predicts well the thermal behavior of the store. Over the whole year, the calculated average temperature of the store differed within ±4.7 K from the measured values. The measurements show that the annual charged and discharged heat are 12,787 MWh and 11,957 MWh respectively. The deviation of the charged and discharged energy between the simulation and the experiment did not exceed ±4%. The annual storage efficiency reached 90% in the second year of operation. The calculated ground temperatures were consistent with the measured ones at different depths. Measured heat loss of the store is 1392 MWh. As elucidated by the model, the heat loss from the cover contributed to 60% of the annual heat loss, while the heat loss from the sidewall and the bottom contributed 38% and 2% respectively. The influence of soil types on thermal performance of the store is significant. For a PTES surrounded by dry soil, the storage efficiency can reach 90%, while for a PTES surrounded by wet sandy gravel, the storage efficiency decreases by 7%. Change of the height of the middle inlet/outlet diffuser could slightly improve the storage efficiency by 1%. The restrains of the model were analyzed and the focus areas of further investigations were pointed out. The findings of the paper give good reference for researchers, designers and consultants in planning of a solar heating plant with a large water pit heat storage.

Influence of Loading History and Soil Type on the Normal Contact Behavior of Natural Sand Grain-Elastomer Composite Interfaces.

Recycled rubber in granulated form is a promising geosynthetic material to be used in geotechnical/geo-environmental engineering and infrastructure projects, and it is typically mixed with natural soils/aggregates. However, the complex interactions of grains between geological materials (considered as rigid bodies) and granulated rubber (considered as soft bodies) have not been investigated systematically. These interactions are expected to have a significant influence on the bulk strength, deformation characteristics, and stiffness of binary materials. In the present study, micromechanical-based experiments are performed applying cyclic loading tests investigating the normal contact behavior of rigid–soft interfaces. Three different geological materials were used as “rigid” grains, which have different origins and surface textures. Granulated rubber was used as a “soft” grain simulant; this material has viscoelastic behavior and consists of waste automobile tires. Ten cycles of loading–unloading were applied without and with preloading (i.e., applying a greater normal load in the first cycle compared with the consecutive cycles). The data analysis showed that the composite sand–rubber interfaces had significantly reduced plastic displacements, and their behavior was more homogenized compared with that of the pure sand grain contacts. For pure sand grain contacts, their behavior was heavily dependent on the surface roughness and the presence of natural coating, leading, especially for weathered grains, to very high plastic energy fractions and significant plastic displacements. The behavior of the rigid–soft interfaces was dominated by the rubber grain, and the results showed significant differences in terms of elastic and plastic fractions of displacement and dissipated energy compared with those of rigid interfaces. Additional analysis was performed quantifying the normal contact stiffness, and the Hertz model was implemented in some of the rigid and rigid–soft interfaces.

Soil properties are significant modifiers of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) radial increment variations and their sensitivity to drought

Soil properties, drought, and the interaction between the two are significant, if unclear, driver of radial growth variations. We observed that, soil properties exert a stronger effect on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.; QURO) radial growth sensitivity to drought (interpreted via Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index; SPEI), than on radial increment and its variations. Soils that are strongly affected by soil water (typical and haplic gleysol) provide the most suitable substrates for QURO radial growth during drought events because they provide more continuous water sources. In contrast, QURO growing on chernozem (with sand) and solonetz (highly saline soils) are more drought-sensitive and have smaller radial increments. The influence of soil type is clearly evident in the pattern of QURO decline that has occurred across Europe (2014) and Serbia (2011–2012): QURO growing on gelysols (characterized by high soil water content) were not strongly affected, whereas marked mortality occurred in QURO forests growing on chernozem and solonetz. Based on the findings yielded by the Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) and the Linear Mixed Effects Model (LMM), the above-ground (precipitation and temperature) and below-ground (river water level and soil moisture) drought sources affect radial growth equally and its sensitivity to drought. Overall, GAMM better fitted with analyzed radial growth properties, than LMM. Likewise, based on the GAMM and LMM outputs, stronger associations between QURO radial growth sensitivity to drought and nine climate parameters were obtained compared with raw as well as detrended radial growth series.

Statistical analysis of terrestrial gamma radiation dose rates in relation to different geological formations and soil types of Katsina State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Terrestrial gamma radiation is the major source of outdoor radiation exposure to human being. Because of the variation of underlying geological characteristics of surface soil, the terrestrial gamma radiation dose (TGRD) rates vary significantly with the soil type. This work performed in situ measurements of the TGRD rate for a range of geological formation and soils of Katsina State, Nigeria by using a portable hand-held radiation survey metre, RADOS. The TGRD rates ranged between 45 and 271 nGyh−1 with an overall mean value of 116 nGyh−1, which is two times higher than the world average value of 59 nGyh−1. Geological formation (Silicified sheared rock) was found to have the highest mean TGRD value of 163 nGyh−1. Likewise, soil type (lithosols, ferruginous crusts and ferruginous tropical soils) appeared to have the highest mean TGRD value of 134 nGyh−1. One-way ANOVA was used to investigate the variation of the significant difference between the geological formations and soil types with TGRD, which shows the influence of geological formation and soil types on the measured TGRD values of the study area. Measured data could further be used to evaluate the public radiation exposure and in formulating safety standards and radiological guidelines.

Predicting changes in the mechanical properties of frozen saline soils

This article summarises a laboratory program involving over 100 tests that were performed to study the influence of soil type, temperature, water content and salinity on the strength and creep of frozen soils under uniaxial compression and shear tests. Analyses of experimental data allowed to get equations for predicting strength and creep parameters depending on the temperature and salinity using generalising parameters for frozen soils (freezing point and the concentration of pore solution). These parameters reflect the total impact of all factors (soil type, salinity and water content) in forming a single pattern for all types of soil. The developed theory of searching for generalised dependencies showed a good convergence for predicting the strength and creep characteristics of frozen soils.

On the equilibrium of suction and pressure plate tests

Pressure and suction plate tests are among the most common techniques for determining the soil–water characteristic curve. The required testing period depends on many parameters and equilibrium times may vary from a few minutes to several weeks. This paper presents a numerical evaluation of the equilibrium process, considering the influence of soil type, equipment specifications, the use of thin high air-entry value (HAEV) membranes, and the employment of the interrupted outflow method (IOM). A fully coupled numerical model was developed and verified for the analysis of the conservation and flow of water and air in the specimen-HAEV interface system. Verification and sensitivity analyses showed, however, that the suction and pressure plate tests may be adequately represented using a simplified decoupled version of the full model. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed not only the role of the HAEV interface characteristics, but also the effect of soil type, suction value, suction step magnitude, and the suction path. It was found that the IOM offers greater control over testing times, but may cause undesirable suction reversals within the specimen. Finally, a simple method is presented to estimate the equilibrium times using basic testing parameters.

Influence of Soil Type on the Reliability of the Prediction Model for Bioavailability of Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cu in the Soils of the Republic of Serbia

The principles of sustainable agriculture in the 21st century are based on the preservation of basic natural resources and environmental protection, which is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach in obtaining solutions and applying information technologies. Prediction models of bioavailability of trace elements (TEs) represent the basis for the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence in digital agriculture. Since the bioavailability of TEs is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil, which are characteristic of the soil type, in order to obtain more reliable prediction models in this study, the testing set from the previous study was grouped based on the soil type. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of improvement in the prediction of bioavailability of TEs by using a different strategy of model development. After the training set was grouped based on the criteria for the new model development, the developed basic models were compared to the basic models from the previous study. The second step was to develop models based on the soil type (for the eight most common soil types in the Republic of Serbia—RS) and to compare their reliability to the basic models. From the total number of developed models by soil type (80), 75% were accepted as statistically reliable for predicting the bioavailability of TEs by soil type and 70% of prediction models had a higher determination coefficient (R2), compared to the basic models. For the Fluvisol soil type, all prediction models were accepted, while the least reliable prediction was for the Planosol type. As in the previous study of bioavailability prediction for TEs, the prediction models for Cu stood out, with more than half of the models with R2 greater than 0.90. Results of this study indicated that the formation of a testing set by soil type derives models whose predictions are more reliable than the basic ones. To improve the performance of prediction models, it is necessary to include additional physicochemical parameters and to conduct an adequate analysis of extensive testing sets with more comprehensive statistical techniques.

Producción de girasol en función del tipo de suelo, nitrógeno y densidad de población

El nitrógeno es el nutrimento que limita en mayor medida la producción de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la producción de biomasa y rendimiento en el cultivo de girasol en función del tipo de suelo, nitrógeno y densidad de población. Los tratamientos fueron tres tipos de suelo donde se aplicaron tres niveles de nitrógeno (0, 50 y 100 kg ha-1), así como tres densidades de población (4, 8 y 12 plantas por m2). El diseño fue bloques completos al azar con arreglo de parcelas subdivididas y cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó la fenología de la planta, biomasa, índice de cosecha, rendimiento y sus componentes. Como resultado se obtuvo que las condiciones climáticas fueron favorables para el desarrollo del cultivo cuando la temperatura osciló entre 8 a 31°C. De los tres sitios donde se estableció el estudio, el que presentó las mejores condiciones para el crecimiento del cultivo fue en el suelo con pH de 7.1 y CE de 0.49 dS m-1 con la aplicación de 100 kg ha-1 de nitrógeno y una densidad de 12 plantas m-2. Por ello, la mejor producción de biomasa y rendimiento se encontró en el suelo con pH neutro, sin salinidad con textura franco arenoso en combinación con el más alto nivel de nitrógeno y densidad de población.

The State of Soil Organic Carbon in Vineyards as Affected by Soil Types and Fertilization Strategies (Tri Morave Region, Serbia)

Due to specific soil properties and management practices, soils in vineyards are sensitive to degradation. The aims of this study were to examine (i) the state of soil organic carbon (SOC) in vineyards compared to other agricultural land, (ii) the influence of different fertilization strategies and soil type on SOC content and (iii) the rate of SOC change over time and potential of deep tillage for SOC preservation in subsoil. The study was carried out at 16 representative vineyard locations of the Tri Morave region, which represents the largest vine growing region in Serbia. The analyzed area included 56 vineyard plots. Results showed that SOC stocks in the topsoil and subsoil were lower than the average for agricultural land in Serbia. The soil type was an important predictor of carbon storage in the topsoil. An adequate application of inorganic fertilizers or green manure combined with farmyard manure initially resulted in the highest SOC contents. Continuous application of inorganic fertilizer without organic amendments has led to a decrease of SOC in topsoil. High rates of SOC stock change in topsoil accompanied a rapid reduction of SOC in the earlier stage of cultivation. In all investigated subsoils, SOC increased, except for unfertilized vineyards. Deep tillage has the potential to preserve SOC in the deeper soil layer and prevent carbon loss from the topsoil. More attention should be paid to the soil conservation practices to meet environmental sustainability of viticulture.