Soil Treatment Research Articles

Growth Parameters of Zea mays (Maize) and Talinum triangulare (Water Leaf) in Variable Iron and Potassium Growth Media

This study investigates the effects of soil heterogeneity and nutrient fortification on the growth rates of two important food crops - maize (Zea mays) and waterleaf (Talinum triangulare). With increasing population pressures and climate change impacts posing challenges to food security, strategies are needed to improve crop yields, especially in developing economies. The research conducts greenhouse trials to measure plant growth parameters in simulated potassium and iron-fortified heterogeneous, homogeneous, and control soil treatments. Key growth parameters like number of leaves, stem height and leaf area were measured weekly for both crops across the different treatment conditions. The mean weekly longest leaf length of T.triangulaire in the control, homogenous and heterogenous treatments were 1.71cm, 1.47cm and 1.79cm respectively while that of Zea mays were 22.65cm, 18.63cm and 15.70cm respectively. Similarly, the mean weekly stem height and stem width were 0.33cm, 0.65cm, 0.56cm and 0.81cm, 1.24cm, 1.29cm for the control, homogenous and heterogenous treatments of T.triangulaire while that of Zea mays for the mean weekly stem height and leaf width were 10.00cm, 6.44cm, 6.08cm and 2.11cm, 1.42cm, 1.46cm for the control, homogenous and heterogenous treatments respectively. There was no significant difference (p >0.05) in the growth parameters of Zea mays between treatments. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in the growth parameters of T.triangulaire between treatments. However, there was a significant difference (p>0.05) in the growth parameters of both crops. This suggests a species-specific response to spatial distribution of nutrients. The study aimed to understand how soil heterogeneity, when combined with nutrient amendments, influences plant growth dynamics. Findings from this work could guide nutrient management strategies and inform efforts to improve crop productivity amid soil resource variability. By focusing on maize and waterleaf - staple food and vegetable crops widely consumed globally - the findings have implications for enhancing food crop cultivation and contributing to sustainable development goals around food security, nutrition, and agricultural practices resilient to environmental changes.

Innovative Geotechnical Solutions for Sustainable Infrastructure Development

Aim: To examine innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development. Problem Statement: The advancement in the world urbanization together with high rise in global population has alarmed the need for new infrastructures with additional innovative research to be conducted with already existing assets. Thus, It is important that geotechnical engineering should include basic practices targeting resource-efficient and environment-friendly techniques in order to add to sustainable development. Significance of Study: This technical review critically examines the innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development. The content presented in this manuscript will be beneficial to professionals in the area of geotechnical engineering. Methodology: Recent relevant published articles in the area of innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development were consulted. These include journal articles, conference papers, Asian Development Bank articles and unpublished doctoral documents. Discussion: The six main environmental objectives of the Taxonomy Regulation to ensure the contours of an environmentally sustainable infrastructure were stated to include: (1) sustainable protection and use of marine and water resources (2) pollution control and prevention (3) switch to a circular economy (4) mitigation of climate change (5) restoration and protection of ecosystems and biodiversity and (6) adaptation of climate change. The three phase methods for sustainability infrastructure development in geotechnics were critically discussed. An imaginary excavation site in the municipality of Rozzano was referenced as a case study to reveal the application of the proposed methodology to the soil treatment systems. It was noticed that the adoption of an LCA introduces additional deep knowledge and the required quantitative analysis for sizing the assessment. Conclusion: The examined innovative geotechnical solutions were contributory to sustainable infrastructure development.

The interaction between abiotic and biotic soil factors drive heterosis expression in maize.

Heterosis or hybrid vigor refers to the superior phenotypes of hybrids relative to their parental inbred lines. Recently, soil microbes were identified as an environmental driver of maize heterosis. While manipulation of the soil microbial community consistently altered heterosis, the direction of the effect appeared to be dependent on the microbiome composition, environment, or both. Abiotic factors are well-known modifiers of heterosis expression, however, how the interactive effects between the soil microbial community and abiotic factors contribute to heterosis are poorly understood. To disentangle the proposed mechanisms by which microbes influence heterosis, we characterize the variation in heterosis expression when maize was grown in soil inocula derived from active maize farms or prairies. While we did not observe consistent differences in heterosis among plants grown in these inocula, our observations reaffirm that microbial effects on heterosis are likely specific to the local microbial community. The introduction of a nutrient amendment resulted in greater heterosis expression in the presence of an agricultural inoculum but not a prairie inoculum. We also observed an effect of soil inocula and nutrient treatment on the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the root endosphere. In addition, the interaction between soil and nutrient treatment significantly affected bacterial community composition, whereas fungal community composition was only marginally affected by this interaction. These results further suggest that the soil microbial community plays a role in maize heterosis expression but that the abiotic environment is likely a larger driver.

Investigation of Residue Dissipation of Fluxapyroxad and Its Metabolites in Chinese Cabbage and Spring Scallion Using Different Application Methods.

Fluxapyroxad, a persistent fungicide in soil, was investigated for differences in residue dissipation in Chinese cabbage and spring scallion through the application methods of soil, foliar, and systemic treatment. Soil application of 0.4% granule fluxapyroxad resulted in residues up to 0.09 mg kg-1 in the scallion, while it did not contribute to the residues in the harvested cabbage. The 50% dissipation time (DT50) of fluxapyroxad in the scallion was 6.8 days. The residues from systemic treatment were highly correlated with foliar application in both the cabbage and the scallion, and the initial residue and DT50 values were similar for foliar and systemic treatments. In comparing the residues from the systemic treatments between the two crops, the initial residue was 3.11 and 0.22 mg kg-1 in the cabbage and the scallion after the systemic treatment, respectively. The DT50 values were 2.6 and 12.2 days in the cabbage and the scallion, respectively. The theoretical dilution effect due to crop growth was higher for the cabbage (4-fold) than for the scallion (1.2-fold), and the half-lives of fluxapyroxad without considering the dilution effect were 6.4 days in the cabbage and 17.8 days in the scallion. Thus, the residue difference was drastically reduced after 14 days from the last treatment.

Treatment of clay soil contaminated with lead by in-situ immobilization process using animal bones

In this work, the application of bone wastes –Cow Bone, Pig Bone, and Horse Bone for the treatment of Lead (Pb) in Clay Soil by in-situ immobilization process, was investigated. The bone wastes were carbonized at a temperature of 700 OC for five hours. The Cow Bone Ash (CBA), Pig Bone Ash (PBA), and Horse Bone Ash (HBA) obtained were characterized with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The physicochemical analysis of the soil sample was also performed. Batch experiments were done to investigate the effects of amendment dosage, time, and pH on immobilization efficiency. The physicochemical characterization of the amendments showed that they contain principally calcium phosphate. The XRF revealed that CBA contains 49.25 % CaO and 42.406 % P2O5, PBA contains 46.6 % CaO and 40.488 % P2O5 and HBA contains 45.664 % CaO and 33.857 % P2O5. The batch immobilization experiment revealed that CBA performed better than other sorbents in the removal of Pb. The removal efficiency is in the order CBA > PBA > HBA. The maximum removal of Pb in 100 g of soil was 71.2 %. This investigation has shown that animal bones can successfully remediate lead by immobilization process in a Pb contaminated Clay soil.

Monitoring of Herbicide Residues in Agricultural Soils in Vojvodina Province (Northern Serbia)

Pesticides in soils raise concerns about the biodiversity, food safety, and contamination of watercourses, contributing to unsustainable land management practices. Monitoring the residue levels in agricultural soils is essential, as this offers valuable insights into the current extent of soil contamination and potential environmental risks attributed to their application. This study aimed to address the occurrence of the currently used herbicides in soil under intensive crop production, comparing the results of monitoring at two depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) in 2013 and 2023. The research concerned the main agricultural area in Vojvodina Province (Serbia) and evaluated the presence of 41 herbicides in 128 localities. Pesticides were found in all samples, finding even more than six different herbicides per sample. The significant concentrations of s-metolachlor, etofumesate, clomazone, diflufenican, pendimethalin, and terbuthylazine found can be attributed to application practices, as they are typically applied pre-emergence, either through direct soil treatment with or without incorporation. Moreover, the correlation between different depths, herbicide residues, and soil properties was not significant. The decrease in the herbicide residues found in 2023 compared to the residues found in 2013 can be attributed to the implementation of good agricultural practices, which promote sustainable agricultural strategies through controlled pesticide application.

Benefit and risk: Keystone biomes in maize rhizosphere associated with crop yield under different fertilizations

The highly diverse beneficial and deleterious microbes in the rhizosphere influence plant growth and crop production in agricultural ecosystems. However, our understanding of the relationships between beneficial and risky phylotypes in the rhizosphere, and plant growth, in addition to their potentially varied response to different fertilization treatments in black soils, remains poor. Here, we investigated variations in multitrophic (e.g., bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, and protists) community composition and diversity under different five-year fertilization treatments, and identified the potential beneficial and potential risky keystone multitrophic biota in maize rhizosphere and bulk soils based on ecological networks and soil food web structure. Bacteria and protist community compositions exhibited greater variations under different fertilization regimes when compared with those of fungi and invertebrates. In addition, two keystone phylotype groups associated with crop yield and soil function were detected, and the potential beneficial keystone phylotypes exhibited higher relative abundances in C-fixation, N-fixation, and P-mineralization genes; conversely, the potential risky keystone phylotypes were associated with denitrification and nitrate reduction genes, and included more potential fungal pathogens. Furthermore, structural equation modeling results indicated that organic amendments, particularly cow manure, could improve crop yield by enriching beneficial keystone phylotypes and suppressing risky keystone phylotypes. Altogether, the results of the present study highlight the critical roles of rhizosphere biota in food production, and identify keystone phylotypes that are beneficial or harmful to crop production and soil function, which could facilitate the conservation of beneficial biota and the early detection of potential pathogens, as well as the exploitation of beneficial biota to increase crop yield.

Effect of hydrochar from sludge mixed with coffee grounds on the immobilization of Cu, Cr and Ni in soil

ABSTRACT In this study, hydrochars were prepared at varying temperatures with distinct mixing ratio, and then the hydrochars were characterized and evaluated for heavy metals to ascertain its potential as a soil conditioner. The application of elevated temperatures resulted in a reduction in the yield of hydrochars, whereas the incorporation of coffee grounds led to an increase in the yield. The blended hydrochar displays elevated ash, fixed carbon, and diminished H/C, O/C, and (O + N)/C ratios, indicating enhanced stability in soil treatment and potential for enhanced soil fertility. The application of hydrothermal carbonization facilitated the stabilization of heavy metals within the sewage sludge, with the stabilizing effect being enhanced by the addition of coffee grounds. Following the application of SCC as a soil conditioner to the heavy metal-contaminated soil for a period of 90 days, it was observed that the heavy metals Cu, Cr, and Ni present in the contaminated soil underwent a transition from an unstable to a stable speciation. Of the treatments tested, AK15 was identified as the most effective, demonstrating a significant reduction in the risk of leaching and biotoxicity associated with Cu, Cr, and Ni in the contaminated soil.

Growth of complete ammonia oxidizers on guanidine

Guanidine is a chemically stable nitrogen compound that is excreted in human urine and is widely used in manufacturing of plastics, as a flame retardant and as a component of propellants, and is well known as a protein denaturant in biochemistry1–3. Guanidine occurs widely in nature and is used by several microorganisms as a nitrogen source, but microorganisms growing on guanidine as the only substrate have not yet been identified. Here we show that the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) Nitrospira inopinata and probably most other comammox microorganisms can grow on guanidine as the sole source of energy, reductant and nitrogen. Proteomics, enzyme kinetics and the crystal structure of a N. inopinata guanidinase homologue demonstrated that it is a bona fide guanidinase. Incubation experiments with comammox-containing agricultural soil and wastewater treatment plant microbiomes suggested that guanidine serves as substrate for nitrification in the environment. The identification of guanidine as a growth substrate for comammox shows an unexpected niche of these globally important nitrifiers and offers opportunities for their isolation.

Soil organic carbon impact on soil physical properties through quantity and quality modifications

The current literature provides compelling evidence of a robust connection between increased total organic carbon (TOC) content in soils and better soil physical characteristics. However, these studies predominantly relied on information gathered from soil surveys or soil incubation experiments. A primary limitation associated with such research is the inherent soil heterogeneity. To address this issue, we initially extracted organic carbon (OC) with highly enriched TOC soil specimens. Subsequently, we mixed this extract at various ratios with the original high-OC soil, creating four unique blends. Each blend was then used to cultivate B. chinensis, and the soil samples were retrieved afterwards for further analysis. The elevated TOC soil treatments displayed substantial macro-porosity and macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm). The O-alkyl C fraction in high-OC soils exhibited heightened susceptibility to decomposition following H2O2 treatment; conversely, the proportion of alkyl C fractions remained remarkably stable in low-OC soils. No direct relationships were detected between the soil A/O-A ratio and aromaticity, or between the soil TOC content and its aromaticity. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between soil macroporosity, macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm), and soil TOC content, along with its active carbon fractions such as carbohydrate C. Our study revealed that increasing levels of soil TOC, specifically certain reactive carbon fractions, significantly enhance soil physical properties. However, it is noteworthy that the rate of soil OC accumulation does not invariably reflect changes in its quality. This finding paves the way for a novel perspective on the regulatory mechanisms of SOC related to soil physical characteristics.

Application of recycled lignin powder as a sustainable additive for soil improvement against water resistance

To evaluate the engineering performance against water resistance of lignin-modified soil, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and direct shear tests were conducted on silty sand modified with varying lignin contents (2%, 5%, 8%, 12%, and 15%) following wet-dry cycles. The results demonstrate that 8% lignin-modified soil has the highest UCS and shear strength. The addition of lignin to soil enhances its wet-dry durability, with soil modified by 8% lignin exhibiting the highest durability. The structural properties of lignin-modified soil subjected to wet-dry cycles can be quantified using a combined structural stability index and structural variability index. A model relevant to the structural properties was proposed to predict the shear strength of lignin-modified soil following wet-dry cycles. Notably, the addition of lignin to silty sand does not result in the formation of new minerals, indicating that lignin addition is an environmentally-friendly soil treatment.

Enhancing Sustainable Cultivation of Organic Bell Pepper through Fulvic Acid (FA) Application: Impact on Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity under Open-Field Conditions

Fulvic acid (FA) is an eco-friendly solution for reducing the reliance on agrochemicals and enhancing crop quality. The study aimed to investigate the impact of soil and foliar application of FA on the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of organically grown bell peppers at both the green and red stages. Bell pepper cv. Revolution was grown under open-field conditions at the certified organic farm at Tennessee State University, Nashville, with nine treatments and three replications. FA was applied as a soil drench and foliar spray at four different rates (0, 2.3, 5.5, 7.8, 10.9 mL L−1). The fruits were harvested 55 days (green stage) and 86 days after transplantation (red stage). The study showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the treatment and maturation stage. The foliar treatment of 7.8 mL L−1 resulted in the highest phenolic content in green bell peppers. The highest total flavonoid content in red bell peppers was achieved with a soil treatment of 7.8 mL L−1. Additionally, the highest level of vitamin C in red bell peppers occurred with a soil concentration of 5.5 mL L−1. In conclusion, applying FA as a biostimulant can enhance the quality of organically grown bell peppers, offering promising opportunities for sustainable agricultural practices.

An implementation framework for evaluating the biocidal potential of essential oils in controlling Fusarium wilt in spinach: from in vitro to in planta.

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae, causes a significant challenge on vegetative spinach and seed production. Addressing this issue necessitates continuous research focused on innovative treatments and protocols through comprehensive bioassays. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of plant-based compounds in controlling fungal diseases. The present work aims to conduct a series of experiments, encompassing both in vitro and in planta assessments, to investigate the biocontrol capabilities of different essential oils (EOs) at various application rates, with the ultimate goal of reducing the incidence of Fusarium wilt in spinach. The inhibitory effect of four plant EOs (marjoram, thyme, oregano, and tea tree) was initially assessed on the spore germination of five unknown Fusarium strains. The outcomes revealed diverse sensitivities of Fusarium strains to EOs, with thyme exhibiting the broadest inhibition, followed by oregano at the highest concentration (6.66 μL/mL) in most strains. The tested compounds displayed a diverse range of median effective dose (ED50) values (0.69 to 7.53 µL/mL), with thyme and oregano consistently showing lower ED50 values. The direct and indirect inhibitory impact of these compounds on Fusarium mycelial growth ranged from ~14% to ~100%, wherein thyme and oregano consistently exhibiting the highest effectiveness. Following the results of five distinct inoculation approaches and molecular identification, the highly pathogenic strain F-17536 (F. oxysporum f.sp. spinaciae) was chosen for Fusarium wilt assessment in spinach seedlings, employing two promising EO candidates through seed and soil treatments. Our findings indicate that colonized grain (CG) proved to be a convenient and optimal inoculation method for consistent Fusarium wilt assessment under greenhouse conditions. Seed treatments with thyme and oregano EOs consistently resulted in significantly better disease reduction rates, approximately 54% and 36% respectively, compared to soil treatments (P > 0.05). Notably, thyme, applied at 6.66 µL/mL, exhibited a favorable emergence rate (ERI), exceeding seven, in both treatments, emphasizing its potential for effective disease control in spinach seedlings without inducing phytotoxic effects. This study successfully transitions from in vitro to in planta experiments, highlighting the potential incorporation of EOs into integrated disease management for Fusarium wilt in spinach production.

Establishing native wildflower habitats in urban settings on a low budget

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the costs of two methods in establishing a native wildflower habitat using transplants while controlling weeds. The first method involved no-tillage and glyphosate herbicide and the second method used dazomet herbicide with tillage. Direct expenses included the initial establishment of the transplants under two differing soil treatments and were calculated separately. Expense differences between the two methods result from the prices of the two herbicides, type of equipment used in soil preparation and the type of tasks requiring labour. Results show a high rate (85%–90%) of the transplants becoming established regardless of the method used, suggesting that both may be considered suitable. With conservation and sustainability in mind, the cost estimates provide benchmarks for different methods of planting wildflower habitats in urban settings.

Groundwater quality deterioration evaluation for irrigation using several indices and geographic information systems: A case study

Groundwater in the Al-Burayhi and Hethran Basin, Taiz, Yemen, it is important source of irrigation water. However, its quality faces threats from both natural and human activities. This study aims to assess the potential deterioration of groundwater for irrigation purposes using several indices and Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Indices, including salinity (electrical conductivity), sodium hazard (Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Permeability Index), combined salinity and sodium hazard index (electrical conductivity and sodium percentage), magnesium hazard index, and chloride content index. The results indicate that 24.14 % of the samples showed high salinity, while 75.86 % showed very high salinity according to the electrical conductivity indices. For sodium hazards, 79.3 % of the samples posed a medium hazard to soil permeability in the long term based on the Permeability Index. Regarding the combined salinity and sodium hazard, 69 % of the samples were of poor quality for irrigation. For magnesium hazards, 55.17 % of the groundwater samples were of poor quality for irrigation. Concerning chloride content, 72.41 % of the samples exceeded the permissible limits according to Yemeni and international standards (350 mg/L). Therefore, using groundwater in the study area for irrigation impedes crop growth and productivity, leads to soil salinization and/or physical degradation due to increased alkalinity, and necessitates costly soil treatments to restore its productivity. Nevertheless, groundwater in the study area can be conditionally used for irrigation by considering all factors affecting the use of low-quality groundwater for irrigation.

Contribution to the valorization of dune sand in road technique

Road construction projects require the use of large quantities of good quality materials, which are not always available in the vicinity of the projects for use in order to create layers of pavement using hydraulic binders for the treatment of soils in place. This soil treatment technique consists of using lime and/or hydraulic binders to improve the soil characteristics. This technique has seen great development over the past twenty years. Soil treatment using products such as lime and/or hydraulic binders and/or cements allows the creation of backfill- and subgrade layers. This type of treatment requires a good knowledge of the material to be treated. This is the main reason why we undertook this study, which allows us not only to valorize local materials through this soil treatment technique and to overcome the shortage of noble materials, on the one hand but also to respond to economic and environmental aspects, on the other hand.

Theoretical and practical aspects of the mathematical description electrochemical purification of oil-contaminated soil

Abstract The electrochemical method is one of the most promising solutions for oil-contaminated soil remediation by passing small constant electric currents. The creation of installations for the electrochemical treatment of oil-contaminated soils requires an understanding of the ongoing processes, which can be achieved by developing a mathematical model. In this paper, we consider obtaining a mathematical description of the change of the oil pollution concentration from the time of direct current treatment and the distance to the electrodes, followed by experimental verification of the adequacy of the models to real electrochemical processes in oil-contaminated soils. The article shows the main approaches and stages of obtaining mathematical models for assessing the cleaning effectiveness. Mathematical models of pollutant concentration changes of the depending on the time and distance to the electrodes were obtained. A correlation between the most important design parameters of the installation and the parameters of the electrochemical process has been established. The resulting models can be used to design installations for electrochemical treatment of oil-contaminated soils.

Innovative reuse of mineral waste for treatment of a contaminated soil by fluorine: synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and chemical performance assessments.

This research aimed to introduce a novel method for the valorization of mineral waste, focusing on the development of hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an effective and economical adsorbent for immobilizing fluoride ions (F-) in soil. Hydroxyapatites were produced through the reaction between potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and calcium-abundant limestone soil (CLS). X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the primary phases in HAPCLS were brushite (CaHPO5·2H2O) and hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). The FTIR spectra exhibited characteristics akin to natural HAP, including the presence of orthophosphate groups (PO43-), hydroxyl groups (OH-), and both A/B types of carbonates in the apatite structure. The morphology of the synthesized HAP, as observed through SEM-EDS, was consistent with that of phosphocalcic hydroxyapatite crystals. The EDS results indicated a Ca/P atomic ratio of 1.7 for HAPCLS, aligning closely with the typical hydroxyapatite stoichiometry (Ca/P = 1.67). The application of HAP to reduce fluoride (F-) levels in soil proved to be successful; introducing 1% of various HAP formulations reduced the fluoride concentration from 51.4mg/kg in untreated soil to levels below the IWSI limit (10mg/kg), achieving a reduction to 8.1mg/kg for HAPCLS. The sequential extraction of fluoride demonstrated that after soil treatment, fluoride was predominantly removed from the residual fraction (Fraction 4) and was effectively sequestered by the hydroxyapatites (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) through anionic exchange with hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting in the formation of stable and insoluble fluorapatite (Ca10(PO4)6F2).

Determination of dielectric properties of lead-contaminated soils: Potential application to soil remediation

This research investigated the effectiveness of radio frequency (RF) heating as a treatment for lead-contaminated soil, assessing its impact through dielectric constant measurements. Using water-soluble lead (II) acetate trihydrate, the study analyzed the impact of RF heating on soil dielectric properties under various soil moisture conditions (high, medium, and low) and electric field strengths (112.5, 150, 225, and 450 kV/m). The results indicated that soil temperature increased with lead concentration, highlighting significant changes in soil thermodynamics. Under high-humidity conditions, temperature increases were more pronounced, suggesting that higher lead concentrations elevate soil temperatures. Moreover, RF heating consistently reduced the dielectric constant as lead concentration increased, which was especially evident at higher electric field strengths. The study found that the soil resistivity approached that of uncontaminated soil, particularly at 450 kV/m electric field strength, with the highest removal rate of 46.154%. This investigation provides valuable insights into the application of RF heating for soil quality improvement in lead-contaminated environments, demonstrating how dielectric properties can reflect those of uncontaminated soil.

Soil quality enhancement by multi-treatment in the abandoned land of dry-hot river valley hydropower station construction area under karst desertification environment.

The medium-intensity karst desertification environment is typically characterized by more rocks and less soil. The abandoned land in the construction areas of the dry-hot river valley hydropower station has more infertile soil, severe land degradation, and very low land productivity. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the soil quality to curb the increasingly degrading land and reuse the construction site. Few studies have focused on the effect of soil restoration and comprehensive evaluation of soil quality with multi-treatment in abandoned land in the dry-hot valley hydropower station construction area. Here, 9 soil restoration measures and 1 control group were installed at the Guangzhao Hydropower Station construction in Guizhou Province, China, for physical and chemical property analysis. In total, 180 physical and 90 chemical soil samples were collected on three occasions in May, August, and December 2022. Soil fertility and quality were evaluated under various measures using membership functions and principal component analysis (PCA). This study showed that almost all measures could enhance soil water storage capacity (The average total soil porosity of 9 soil treatments was 57.56%, while that of the control group was 56.37%). With the increase in soil porosity, soil evaporation became stronger, and soil water content decreased. Nevertheless, no decrease in soil water content was observed in the presence of vegetation cover (soil water content: 16.46% of hairy vetch, 13.99% of clover, 13.77% of the control). They also proved that manure, synthetic fertilizer, and straw could promote total and available nutrients (Soil total nutrient content, or the total content of TN、TP、TK,was presented as: synthetic fertilizer (11.039g kg-2)>fowl manure (10.953g kg-2)>maize straw (10.560g kg-2)>control (9.580g kg-2);Total available nutrient content in soil, or the total content of AN,AP,A,was shown as:fowl manure (1287.670 mg kg-1)>synthetic fertilizer (925.889 mg kg-1)>sheep manure (825.979 mg kg-1)>control (445.486 mg kg-1). They could also promote soil fertility, among which the first two reached the higher comprehensive soil quality. Fertilizer was conducive to improve soil quality and fertility, yet long-term application could cause land degradation like soil non-point source pollution, compaction, and land productivity decline. Ultimately, combining fertilizer with biochar or manure is recommended to improve soil fertility. Biochar and green manure could play an apparent role in soil improvement only when there is abundant soil water. The above views provide theoretical support for curbing soil degradation, improving soil fertility and quality, enhancing land productivity, and promoting the virtuous cycle of the soil ecosystem.