Soil Total Potassium Research Articles

Effects of abiotic factors on plant diversity and species distribution of alpine meadow plants

The alpine meadow is a type of vegetation with significant ecological and economic values. Plant diversity and species distribution are affected by ecological environment. To study the influence of abiotic factors (topographic factors and soil chemical and physical properties), it can understand plant communities' formation and the adaptation of plants to abiotic factors. Here, we explored the influence of the abiotic factors on the plant diversity and species distribution through the investigation of alpine meadow vegetation and abiotic factors at the northeast Tibetan Plateau, the results of the laboratory experiments, and the representative difference analysis (RDA) to find the ordination differences. Our results revealed that 11 ordered abiotic factors explained the 25.5% of the distribution of the alpine meadow species. The slope, soil total nitrogen (STN), and soil organic matter (SOM) have a significant influence on the distribution of the alpine meadow species. According to the RDA analysis of the correlation between plant diversity and abiotic factors, the cumulative interpretation value of the four ordination axes was 39.0%. Slope and STN has a strong correlation with plant diversity, respectively. STN, soil total phosphorus (STP), soil total potassium (STK), and soil water content (SWC) has positive relationships with the plant diversity index, respectively, suggesting that those factors above mentioned are the main factors affecting the diversity of species in alpine meadows. Slope, aspect, and soil temperature (ST) has negative relationships with the Partrick index, Simpson's diversity index, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, indicating that with the slope increases, the plant diversity decreases, and the plant diversity also decrease at the sunward aspect. The soil has a more significant impact on the Pielou's evenness index, but the topography has a weaker influence on the Pielou's evenness index. The plant diversity and species distribution of alpine meadow in Tibet Plateau are affected by many abiotic factors. In our study, we found that slope and STN were the main factors affecting the plant diversity and species distribution in alpine meadows.

太行山南段连翘群落结构及其影响因子研究

连翘（Forsythia suspensa）不仅是一种常用大宗木本药用植物类型，而且也是重要的绿化植物类型。以太行山南段陵川境内广泛生长的连翘为研究对象，通过样方调查方法，解析连翘群落结构及影响因子，探讨海拔、坡向主要地形因子和土壤因子对群落格局的影响，以期有助于连翘的规模化种植。结果表明：（1）该区连翘群落可分为5类群丛：Ⅰ连翘（Forsythia suspensa）＋三裂绣线菊（Spiraea trilobata）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）群丛；Ⅱ连翘（Forsythia suspensa）＋白刺花（Sophora davidii）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）＋铁杆蒿（Tripolium vulgare）群丛；Ⅲ辽东栎（Quercus wutaishanica）-连翘（Forsythia suspensa）＋三裂绣线菊（Spiraea trilobata）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）+白头翁（Pulsatilla chinensis）群丛；Ⅳ油松（Pinus tabuliformis）-连翘（Forsythia suspensa）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）群丛；Ⅴ连翘（Forsythia suspensa）＋黄刺玫（Rosa xanthina）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）群丛。（2）海拔高度（H）、全钾（TK）和坡向（TRP）是影响该区连翘分布状况的3个主要环境因子。3个因子在4个层级水平上构成群落分型的主导因子。第一级主导因子是海拔高度（H=1330 m）；第二级是土壤总钾量（TK=19.07 mg/kg）和海拔（H>1330 m）；第三级是坡向（TRP=0.2775）、海拔（H>1330 m）和总钾量（TK<19.07 mg/kg）；第四级是总钾（TK=18.47 mg/kg）、海拔（H>1330 m）、和坡向（TRP>0.2775）。海拔高度和土壤肥力是影响太行山南段生境内连翘群落结构和规模化种植的要重环境因子。;Forsythia suspensa is one of the commonly used heavy bulk commodities Chinese medicinal plants and have essential for guarding human health. It is not only an important species of medicinal plants but also a vital for forest vegetation, in the same time also is a potential plant sources that used to improve ecology and beautify of the environment within many specific areas in China. Taihang Mountain is usually considered as one of the vital areas for biodiversity conservation in China.The study area located in Lingchuan, the southern of Taihang Mountains, Shanxi, is dominated by rocky hills and earthen hills, and belongs to a typical continental climate. There was high diversity of forest communities in the nature circumstance, among which, the distribution of the Forsythia suspensa mostly showed a typical shrub clusters community. It is a famous area of medical Forsythia suspensa mainly products all over our country. To research the community composition of Forsythia suspensa and reveal the effects of Forsythia suspensa community traits changes, resulted from the soil factors and the major topographic characteristics, an investigation was conducted in sixty typical sample poles (5 m×5 m) in the region. In the study, the impacts of the variety environment factors on the Forsythia suspensa community were analyzed by the sampling survey method.The major topographic factors included the Height above sea level (H), East longitude (E), Northern latitude (N) and slope direction (Transformation of aspect, TRP). Meanwhile the main soil factors were considered such as the soil Pondus Hydrogenii (pH)、Soil organic matter(TOC) soil total nitrogen (TN), soil total phosphorus (TP), soil total potassium (TK), soil available nitrogen (AN), soil available phosphorus (AP) and soil available potassium (AK). The results showed that (1) Forsythia communities in this area could be divided into five types of clusters, including Cluster I:Forsythia suspensa+Spiraea trilobata-Carex lanceolata; Cluster II:Forsythia suspensa+Sophora davidii-Carex lanceolata+Tripolium vulgare; Cluster III:Quercus wutaishanica-Forsythia suspensa+Spiraea trilobata-Carex lanceolata cluster; Cluster IV: Pinus tabuliformis -Forsythia suspensa-Carex lanceolata; and Cluster V:Forsythia suspensa+Rosa xanthine-Carex lanceolata. (2) H, TK, and TRP are three main environmental factors that affected the distribution of forsythia in this area. The three factors constitute the dominant factors for community typing at four levels. The first level of dominant factor is altitude (H=1330 m); the second level is total soil potassium (TK=19.07 mg/kg) and altitude (H>1330 m); the third level is slope direction (TRP=0.2775), altitude (H>1330 m), and total potassium (TK<19.07 mg/kg); the fourth level is total potassium (TK=18.47 mg/kg), altitude (H > 1330 m), and slope direction (TRP>0.2775). The study concluded that the development of forest medicinal herb forsythia on a large scale in the southern section of Taihang Mountains should not only pay attention to spatial distribution, but also implementation of necessary management measures to improve soil fertility to maintain the stability of forsythia community structure and enhance the Forsythia suspensa yield.

Soil potassium is correlated with root secondary metabolites and root-associated core bacteria in licorice of different ages.

AimsLicorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is a crucial medicinal herb as it accumulates glycyrrhizin and liquiritin in roots. Licorice root-associated bacterial communities shaped by soil characteristics are supposed to regulate the accumulation of root secondary metabolites.MethodsThe soil characteristics, root secondary metabolites, and root-associated bacterial communities were analyzed in licorice plants of different ages to explore their temporal dynamics and interaction mechanisms.ResultsTemporal variation in soil characteristics and root secondary metabolites was distinct. The alpha-diversity of root-associated bacterial communities decreased with root proximity, and the community composition was clustered in the rhizosphere. Different taxa that were core-enriched from the dominant taxa in the bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and root endosphere displayed varied time–decay relationships. Soil total potassium (TK) as a key factor regulated the temporal variation in some individual taxa in the bulk and rhizosphere soils; these taxa were associated with the adjustment of root secondary metabolites across different TK levels.ConclusionsLicorice specifically selects root-associated core bacteria over the course of plant development, and TK is correlated with root secondary metabolites and individual core-enriched taxa in the bulk and rhizosphere soils, which may have implications for practical licorice cultivation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11104-020-04692-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Monitoring Soil Microorganisms with Community-Level Physiological Profiles Using Biolog EcoPlates™ in Chaohu Lakeside Wetland, East China

Under the circumstance of wetland degradation, we used Biolog EcoPlatesTM method to investigate the impact of ecological restoration on the function of topsoil microbial communities by monitoring their metabolic diversity around Chaohu lakeside wetland. Four restoration patterns were selected, including reed shoaly land (RL), poplar plantation land (PL), abandoned shoaly grassland (GL) and cultivated flower land (FL). The result showed a rapid growth trend at the initial stage of incubation, following the fastest change rate at 72 h in both dormant and growing seasons. The Average Well Color development (AWCD) values of RL pattern was the highest at the detection points of each culture time, while the GL were the lowest. The calculation of diversity indicators also displayed significant lower McIntosh index in dormant season and Shannon-Wiener index in growing season in GL than in the others (P < 0.05). Carbohydrates and carboxylic acids were found to be the main substrates used in dormant season, whereas amino acids, polymers and phenolic acids were increasingly utilized by the microbial communities in growing season. We observed soil total potassium as the key factor that significantly affected the utilization efficiency of different carbon sources in both seasons (P < 0.05).

Temporal paradox in soil potassium estimations using spaceborne multispectral imagery

The time difference between the field sampling and acquired spaceborne imagery has always been ignored in satellite-based soil analyses. In this study, the impacts of the time difference on soil nutrient predictions and the underlying mechanism for these predictions were investigated using a case study from the North China Plain. Soil total potassium (TK) was sampled in 2016 and was subsequently analyzed, with the soil TK content then predicted using the original reflectances from eight Landsat TM/OLI images that spanned the 1986–2016 period as inputs to multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The results reveal a temporal paradox, where earlier satellite imagery yields higher accuracy in the predictions than does the more recent imagery. Historical soil nutrient data sets were used to explain this temporal paradox, which indicated that both an internal and external factor influenced the soil TK predictions. The internal factor, the deposition pattern across the study region, was found to strongly control the spatial distribution of potassium and exhibited minimal changes over the past 30 years, which influenced the good soil TK predictions using the early satellite imagery. The external factor, the soil organic matter (SOM), which has a stronger impact on the spectral reflectances than the soil TK, indicated that the increase and regional uniformization of SOM contents caused by Chinese agricultural development from the 1980s to the early 2000s masked the true spectral response of soil TK and explained the decline in the prediction accuracy of soil TK with time. This study reveals a potential limitation in remote-sensing-based soil TK predictions, and indicates that early satellite imagery should be considered as a potentially important factor in future research in order to accurately assess soil nutrient.

Response of acidobacterial communities to 3 years of biochar addition in a black soil of northeast China

ABSTRACT Biochar can affect soil microbial abundance and community structure due to its excellent physiochemical properties. Our previous study of soil bacterial community discovered that the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was significantly influenced by biochar. In this study, we further investigated the effect of biochar on acidobacterial community composition generated with Acidobacteria-specific primers ACIDO/342 R using Illumina MiSeq sequencing in the same black soil samples after 3 years of biochar application. The qPCR results showed that biochar addition increased the acidobacterial abundance, especially at the rates of 4% and 8%. There were 18 acidobacterial subgroups detected, and Gp4 and Gp6 were the most abundant subgroups. The relative abundance of Gp4 was positively correlated with soil total potassium and negatively correlated with soil pH, while Gp6 was on the opposite. Biochar addition did not influence the α-diversity but altered the acidobacterial community composition. Redundancy analysis revealed that changes in the soil acidobacterial community compositions were closely associated with soil properties, such as pH, total potassium and available potassium. Given that these soil properties were highly correlated with biochar addition, which suggested that the long-term impacts of biochar on the soil acidobacterial community were indirectly driven by changes in soil properties.

Variations in Soil Physico-Chemical Properties along Slope Position Gradient in Secondary Vegetation of the Hilly Region, Guilin, Southwest China

Understanding the variation of soil physico-chemical properties along slope position gradients is essential for vegetation restoration and reconstruction, but how slope positions impact the soil physico-chemical properties in the secondary vegetation of hilly regions is poorly understood. To address these uncertainties, we examined the changes in soil physico-chemical properties and their relationships along the slope position gradient in secondary vegetation of the hilly region in Guilin, southwest China. The results showed that except for the soil water content, soil total phosphorus and soil total potassium which reached the highest value at the footslope, other soil physico-chemical properties reached the highest content in the middle slope, and most of the soil physico-chemical properties showed the lowest content in the upper slope or footslope. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there were no significant correlations between most of the soil physico-chemical properties and that the correlations between soil physico-chemical properties were not consistent across different slope positions. Additionally, the principal component analysis showed that the first 4 principal components together explained 84.32% of the total variation and might be interpreted as the change of soil total nitrogen, soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen, soil available potassium, soil water content and soil total potassium. Overall, our results strongly demonstrated that slope positions showed significant effects on most of the soil physico-chemical properties and would provide an important reference for the formulation of restoration strategies in different slope positions to facilitate vegetation restoration and reconstruction and the sustainable development of the ecological environment in the hilly region.

Impacts of livestock grazing on vegetation characteristics and soil chemical properties of alpine meadows in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

ABSTRACTLivestock grazing is one of the significant causes of land degradation. However, the effect of contrasting grazing intensities on soil properties and vegetation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is poorly understood. We studied the impact of light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG) and no grazing (NG) on vegetation characteristics and the chemical properties of soil samples taken at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm layers from the designated grazing treatments. A total of 42 species representing 32 genera and 16 families were identified. Our result shows that HG significantly reduced total aboveground biomass, vegetation cover, canopy average height, but increased unpalatable aboveground biomass. Soil organic matter declined with increasing grazing intensity and respectively decreased to 64.51%, 65.38% and 82.40% for LG, MG and HG compared to the NG treatment and soil carbon storage exhibited a similar pattern. Soil total nitrogen and phosphorus contents decreased with increasing soil depth, while soil total potassium was not affected by grazing across soil depths. We conclude that 1 yak would have a more severe impact than 3 sheep units on the vegetation community and soil characteristics of alpine meadows in the southeastern QTP.

色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林不同坡向土壤养分及肥力研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林不同坡向土壤养分及肥力研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201812062674 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 科技部国家野外科学研究观测站（生态系统）运行补助项目（西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究2015-2020）；藏东南林线微气候特征及其对天然更新的影响（XZ2018ZR G-16） Soil nutrient and fertility of different slope directions in the Abies georgei var. smithii forest in Sejila Mountain Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以色季拉山不同坡向急尖长苞冷杉（Abies georgei var.smithii）天然林为研究对象，采用单因素方差、化学计量比及内梅罗指数等方法对不同坡向0-100 cm土壤的pH和7种养分含量及肥力状况进行研究，以期为色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉的经营管理提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林土壤pH<7，为酸性。0-100 cm土层中除土壤全钾含量外，其他各养分含量及变异系数的均值均表现为：阳坡<阴坡，且均属于中等变异程度。除全磷、全钾含量较低外，其他指标均处于"中等"及以上水平。（2）土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮随土层的增加而降低，总体上表层与深层差异显著（P<0.05），其他土层之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；其他养分随土层变化规律不一致，各土层之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。（3）阳坡各土壤化学计量比总体上表现为随土壤深度增加而降低，阴坡呈波动性变化，除C：N外，阳坡C：P、C：K、N：P、N：K、P：K均小于阴坡。（4）阴坡的土壤肥力指数（1.44）大于阳坡（1.32），不同坡向土壤肥力均属于"中等"水平。坡向通过影响多种因素使土壤理化性质具有一定差异性，阴坡的土壤养分含量及肥力状况优于阳坡，全钾是第一限制因子，全磷是第二限制因子。 Abstract:Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the manager of Sejila Mountain, we studied the natural Abies georgei var. smithii forest from different slope directions. The pH, 7 nutrients content, and fertility status in different slope directions from 0 to 100 cm soil were measured by one-way variance, stoichiometric ratio and, Nemero index. The results showed that (1) the soil pH of the Abies georgei var. smithii forest was less than 7. Except the soil total potassium content, the mean values of other nutrient contents and coefficient of variation of 0-100 cm soil layer were all expressed as sunny slopes < Shady slope. All were moderate variation. Except for the lower content of total phosphorus and total potassium, other indicators were at medium level and above. (2) The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen decreased with the increase of soil layer, and the difference between surface layer and deep layer was significant (P<0.05). There was not consistent variation in other nutrients with the deepening of soil layer, and the difference between the soil layers was not significant (P>0.05). (3) The soil stoichiometric ratios of the sunny slopes generally decreased as the soil depth increased, while the shady slopes fluctuated. Except C:N, C:P, C:K, N:P, N:K, P:K in the sunny slopes were less than those in the shady slope. (4) The soil fertility index of the shady slope (1.44) was higher than that of the sunny slope (1.32). The slope direction had certain differences in the physical and chemical properties of the soil by affecting various factors. The soil nutrient content and fertility status of the shady slope were better than those of the sunny slope. The total potassium was the first limiting factor, and the total phosphorus was the second limiting factor. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Study on Soil Microbial Community Structure of River Wetland in Tumen River Basin

This study explored the relationship between soil microbial community structure and soil environmental factors in river wetlands of Tumen River Basin by analyzing the soil microbial community structure and combining soil environmental factors.As a result, there were significant differences in microbial community diversity among river wetlands in the Tumen River Basin. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the abundant dominant phylum of microbial, moreover,Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant class of microbial.Soil environmental factors such as soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen and soil total potassium are the main factors affecting the change of microbial community structure in river wetlands of Tumen River Basin.

Fungal diversity in the brown coniferous forest soils of Daxing'anling Mountains, Northeast China

To explore the distribution of fungal community in soil of brown coniferous forest in Daxing'anling and its relationship with soil characteristics, soil fungal community structure and diversity in three forest types, light brown coniferous forest, grass brown coniferous forest, and typical brown coniferous forest, were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The relationship between soil fungal community and soil characteristics was analyzed by R and SPSS 17.0 software. The results showed that soil physical and chemical characteristics differed significantly across the three brown coniferous forests. A total of 111 species belonged to six phyla, 23 class, 46 orders, 74 families and 88 genera were recorded in this study. Ascomycetes and basidiomycetes were dominant phyla. There were significant differences in relative abundance of phyla among three forest types. There was no significant difference in the Ace and Chao1 diversity indices among three brown coniferous forests, whereas there were significant differences in the Shannon and Simpson indices. Results from canonical correlation analysis and correlation analysis showed that both α and β diversity were significantly correlated with soil moisture, soil pH, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, and soil total potassium. The results indicated that soil characteristics were important factors affecting soil fungal diversity of brown coniferous forest in Xing'an larch forest in Daxing'anling.

基于土地利用变化的热带植物群落功能性状与土壤质量的关系

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于土地利用变化的热带植物群落功能性状与土壤质量的关系 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201703290541 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,海南鹦哥岭国家级自然保护区管理站,中国科学院城市环境研究所,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0503401）；国家自然科学基金项目（41871217） Relationships between plant community functional traits and soil quality based on land use changes in tropical region Author: Affiliation: Research Center for Eco⁃Environmental Sciences，Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco⁃Environmental Sciences，Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hainan Yinggeling National Nature Reserve,nstitute of Urban Environment，Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco⁃Environmental Sciences，Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco⁃Environmental Sciences，Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了明确热带天然林转变为橡胶林和槟榔后土壤质量变化，揭示土地利用变化下植物群落功能性状对土壤质量影响。在海南中部山区，以原始林（PF）、次生林（SF）、槟榔（Areca catechu）林（AP）、纯橡胶（Hevea brasiliensis）林（RP）和橡胶益智（Alpinia oxyphylla）林（RAP）为对象，探索天然林退化后土壤性质和质量变化，分析了植物群落功能性状（凋落物量、郁闭度、根长密度、细根密度和比根长）对土壤质量影响。结果表明：1）与原始林相比，其他土地利用类型凋落物量、根长密度、细根密度、土壤总孔隙度、最大持水量、土壤有机碳和总氮显著降低，土壤容重显著增加。人工林土壤碱解氮明显降低，但总磷、总钾和缓效钾明显升高（P < 0.05）。2）与原始林相比，次生林、槟榔林、纯橡胶林和橡胶益智林土壤质量指数分别降低63.4%、85.8%、81.2%和84.1%，随原始林、次生林和人工林梯度土地利用强度的增加，土壤质量显著降低（P < 0.05），但人工林间土壤质量无显著差异。3）凋落物量、郁闭度、根长密度和细根密度均与土壤质量指数显著正相关（P < 0.05），细根密度对土壤质量的直接影响效应最大，凋落物间接影响效应最大。天然林转变为橡胶和槟榔林显著改变土壤性质和质量，群落性状细根密度和凋落物可较好解释土壤质量变化，强化人工林林下植被和凋落物管理有利于土壤质量改善。 Abstract:To reveal the effects of plant community functional trait changes, resulted from the land use conversion from primitive forest to secondary forest or plantations, on soil quality in tropical region, an investigation was conducted in five typical land use types in the central mountainous area of Hainan Island. The land use types include primitive forest (PF), secondary forest (SF), areca plantation (AP), pure rubber plantation(RP) and rubber intercropping Alpinia oxyphylla plantation (RAP).The changes of soil qualities after the natural forest conversion to secondary forest or plantations and the relationships between plant community functional traits (litter fall, canopy density, root length density, fine root density, and specific root length) and soil quality were analyzed. Compared with those of primitive forest, the litter fall, root length density, fine root density, total soil porosity, maximum water holding capacity, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen of other land use types decreased significantly (P < 0.05), but soil bulk density increased significantly(P < 0.05). Soil alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen in all plantations decreased obviously, whereas soil total phosphorus, soil total potassium, and slowly available potassium increased significantly(P < 0.05) during the conversion. With increasing of land use intensity, the soil quality decreased significantly(P < 0.05). The soil quality indexes of SF, AP, RP, and RAP decreased by 63.4%, 85.8%, 81.2% and 84.1%, respectively, compared with that of PF. However, there were no differences in soil quality among the plantations. The litter fall, canopy density, root length density, and fine root density had the positive and significantly correlations with the soil quality index(P < 0.05). Moreover, fine root density had the largest direct effect on soil quality, and litter had the largest indirect effect. Our results suggested that the transformation of tropical primitive forests to rubber and areca plantations significantly changed soil properties and soil quality, which was mainly explained by the plan community functional traits of fine root density and litter fall. Improving the management of litter fall and understory plant community, which influences fine root density, will help increase soil quality in plantations in tropical region. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

沙质草地营造樟子松林后土壤容重的变化及其影响因子

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 沙质草地营造樟子松林后土壤容重的变化及其影响因子 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201808161750 作者: 作者单位: 辽宁工程技术大学,辽宁工程技术大学,辽宁工程技术大学,辽宁工程技术大学,辽宁工程技术大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（31570709） Changes in soil bulk density and its influencing factors after sandy grassland afforestation with Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Author: Affiliation: Liaoning Technical University,Liaoning Technical University,Liaoning Technical University,Liaoning Technical University,Liaoning Technical University Fund Project: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:采用野外调查和室内试验相结合，以辽宁省章古台地区不同生长阶段（包括幼龄林、中龄林、成熟林和过熟林）的20块樟子松人工固沙林样地（以临近的7块天然草地为对照）为研究对象，研究了沙质草地营造樟子松人工林后不同生长阶段0-100 cm土层土壤容重的变化及其影响因子。结果表明：天然沙质草地营造樟子松人工固沙林后，不同生长阶段樟子松林在0-10 cm土层土壤容重变化的变异系数为78%，其他土层变异系数范围为1.08%-4.35%。随着樟子松人工林林龄的增加，土壤容重变化量在0-20 cm和60-100 cm层逐渐降低，在20-60 cm层先降低，到37年左右后逐渐升高，过熟林较成熟林显著增大。林龄对不同土层容重变化的决定系数由大到小依次为40-60、60-80、20-40、10-20、0-10、80-100 cm层。土壤容重变化在60-80 cm层与土壤粗颗粒（粒径>0.05 mm）含量、在0-10、20-40 cm和60-80 cm层与土壤全氮含量、在0-10、20-60 cm和80-100 cm层与土壤全磷含量、在20-40 cm和80-100 cm层与土壤全钾含量显著负相关，且土壤全氮和全磷含量对土壤容重的影响效果随土层深度的增加逐渐降低，土壤容重变化在10-20 cm层与土壤含水率、在20-40 cm层与土壤有机碳含量呈显著的正相关。总体上，沙质草地营造樟子松人工林可以改善土壤结构，提高土壤质量，建议采取封育禁牧等营林措施增加樟子松林下枯落物积累，提高土壤养分含量，同时对37年樟子松人工林逐渐进行更新。 Abstract:Using a combination of field surveys and laboratory analysis, in the Zhanggutai area of Liaoning province, 20 forest plantations of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in different growth stages (including young forests, mid-aged forests, mature forests, and over-mature forests) and 7 neighboring control grasslands were selected. In this paper, the changes in soil bulk density and its influencing factors were studied in the 0-100 cm soil layer of different growth stages after sandy grassland afforestation with P. sylvestris var. mongolica. The results showed that after sandy grassland afforestation, the variance coefficient of soil bulk density was 78% in the 0-10 cm soil layer and the variance coefficient in other soil layers ranged from 1.08% to 4.35%. As the stand age increased, the magnitude of soil bulk density decreased gradually in 0-20 and 60-100 cm soil layers, however, the magnitude decreased firstly and then increased after 37 years in 20-60 cm soil layers, and the magnitude in over-mature forests was significantly higher than that in mature forests. In different soil layers, the coefficients of determination of stand ages for the magnitude of soil bulk density in decreasing order were 40-60, 60-80, 20-40, 10-20, 0-10, and 80-100 cm soil layers. The coarse-textured soil (particle size>0.05 mm) in the 60-80 cm soil layer; soil total nitrogen content in 0-10, 20-40, and 60-80 cm soil layers; soil total phosphorus content in 0-10, 20-60, and 80-100 cm soil layers; and soil total potassium content in 20-40 and 80-100 cm soil layers were significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density, and the impact of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus content on soil bulk density changes gradually decreased as the soil layer depth increased. However, soil moisture in the 10-20 cm soil layer and soil organic carbon content in the 20-40 cm soil layer were significantly positively correlated with soil bulk density. On the whole, sandy grassland afforestation with P. sylvestris var. mongolica can improve soil structure and quality. It is suggested that enclosure and grazing prohibition are effective to increase leaf litter accumulation and improve soil nutrient content in P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations. In addition, 37 year old P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations need to be regenerated gradually. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A Markov‐based model for predicting the development trend of soil microbial communities in saline‐alkali land in Wudi County

SummaryIn October 2015, different salinity soils were collected in the coastal area of Wudi, Shandong, China. The soil microbial community composition, soil catalase, urease activity, and soil physicochemical properties were studied. The results showed that Nitrospira was dominant in the bacterial community, and it was the most related to total potassium. Cladosporium and Fusarium accounted for the dominant fungal community, and urease, total nitrogen, and Cladosporium were the most relevant. At the same time, urease and Fusarium are the most relevant. The species composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the top soil of each saline‐alkali soil is the most abundant, and the degree of homogeneity is high. The activities of catalase in soils with heavy, moderate, and light salinity were 3.52 to 4.56, 3.08 to 4.61, and 5.81 to 6.91 mL•g‐1, respectively. Catalase activity all of them are characterized by gradual increase with soil depth; soil total potassium is directly related to catalase, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus are indirectly related to catalase by total potassium. The urease activities of the saline‐alkalinity soils were 0.04‐0.52, 0.08‐1.07, and 0.27‐8.21 mg•g‐1, respectively, and the urease activity gradually decreased as the soil depth increased. Small trend; soil total nitrogen is directly related to urease, pH, organic matter and total potassium are indirectly related to urease through total nitrogen. The CCA ranking showed that total phosphorus had the greatest impact on bacterial communities, while urease had the greatest impact on the fungal community.

Degradation shaped bacterial and archaeal communities with predictable taxa and their association patterns in Zoige wetland at Tibet plateau

Soil microbes provide important ecosystem services. Zoige Plateau wetland, the largest alpine peat wetland in the world, has suffered from serious degradation in the past 30 years. We studied the composition of the Zoige Plateau alpine wetland soil microbiota and relations among specific taxa using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing combined with association network analysis. Compared to the pristine swamp soil, taxons DA101, Aeromicrobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Candidatus Nitrososphaera were enriched and several methanogenic Euryarchaeota were depleted in the moderately degraded meadow soil and highly degraded sandy soil. Soil total potassium contents in soils with different degradation levels were significantly different, being the highest in meadow soil and lowest in swamp soil. The association network analysis showed that total potassium positively correlated with specific bacterial and archaeal taxa. Jiangella, Anaerolinea, Desulfobulbus, Geobacter, Flavobacterium, Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta were identified as the keystone genera in the networks. Soil degradation affected soil properties, and caused changes in the bacterial and archaeal community composition and the association patterns of community members. The changes could serve as early warning signals of soil degradation in alpine wetlands.

Формы калия в почве и методы их определения

The article shows the necessity to divide soil total potassium pool into separate fractions to assess potassium availability to plants and justifies different approaches to recover various potassium forms from soil by extraction, describing extraction methods. The author proposes the extended system to classify soil potassium forms based on the strength of potassium binding to soil minerals.

Plateau pika disturbances alter plant productivity and soil nutrients in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is an endemic mammal in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and its activities create extensive disturbances on vegetation and soil of alpine meadow. Field surveys at two sites were conducted to determine the effects of plateau pika disturbances on important soil factors and plant biomass of vegetated land, and their relationships of the same alpine meadow type. Our study showed that plateau pika disturbances significantly increased soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, graminoid biomass and the number of plant species, and significantly decreased soil moisture and forb biomass, although they had no significant impacts on soil total phosphorus, soil total potassium and total biomass on vegetated land. Our study further showed that soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, graminoid biomass and the number of plant species were much higher at intermediate disturbance intensities than those at low and high disturbance intensities in the disturbed areas, and soil moisture showed a decreasing trend with the increase of disturbance intensity. Plateau pika disturbances altered the contribution of some important soil nutrients and moisture to plant biomass, and had different impact on the best models between plant biomass (total biomass, graminoid biomass and forb biomass) and predominant soil factors. Our results demonstrated that the optimal disturbance intensities of plateau pika were beneficial to alpine meadow. These results highlighted the influence of the presence of plateau pika and its disturbance intensity on key soil nutrients and plant productivity on vegetated land of the same alpine meadow type, which will help us better understand the role of plateau pika in the alpine meadow ecosystem.

Variations of soil microbial community composition and enzyme activities with different salinities on Yuyao coast, Zhejiang, China

In October 2015, soil samples with different salinity were collected in a coast area in Yuyao, Zhejiang, and soil microbial community composition, soil catalase, urease activities, as well as soil physical and chemical properties were studied. The results showed that Nitrospira took absolute advantage in the bacterial community, and showed good correlations to total potassium. Cladosporium and Fusarium were predominant in the fungal community. Meanwhile, Cladosporium was related to soil urease and total nitrogen, and same correlation was found between Fusarium and soil urease. Catalase activity ranged from 3.52 to 4.56 mL·g-1, 3.08 to 4.61 mL·g-1 and 5.81 to 6.91 mL·g-1 for soils with heavy, medium and weak salinity, respectively. Catalase activity increased with the soil layer deepening, which was directly related to soil total potassium, and indirectly related to pH, organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus through total potassium. Soil urease activity ranged among 0.04 to 0.52 mg·g-1, 0.08 to 1.07 mg·g-1 and 0.27 to 8.21 mg·g-1 for each saline soil, respectively. Urease activity decreased with soil layer deepening which was directly related to soil total nitrogen, and was indirectly related to pH, organic matter and total potassium through total nitrogen. The total phosphorus was the largest effect factor on the bacterial community CCA ordination, and the urease was on fungal community.

Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Nutrient Content of &lt;i&gt;Deyeuxia angustifolia&lt;/i&gt;

Taking the marsh meadow Deyeuxia angustifolia in San Jiang Plain of Northeast China as test material,a field experiment was carried out with treatments different in nitrogen supply (0,4,8g/m2) to investigate the effects the soil nutrient content.The results showed that difference among layers soil organic matter activity firstly increased and then decreased with increasing of nitrogen addition. Difference among layers soil total nitrogen contains were no significant differences. Soil total nitrogen contains reduced gradually in the 0-10cm layers,in the 10-20cm and 20-30cm layers firstly increased and then decreased. Difference among layers soil ammonium N contains were no significant differences.The 0-10cm and 20-30cm layers soil total NO-3-N firstly increased and then decreased,10-20cm layers firstly decreased and then increased. Difference among layers soil nitrate N contains obviously different levels (p&lt;0.05). With increasing of nitrogen addition, the 0-10cm and 10-20cm layers soil total phosphoru contains increased gradually,20-30cm layers firstly increased and then decreased. With increasing of nitrogen addition,difference among layers soil total potassium contains were no significant differences.

黑河中游荒漠绿洲区土地利用的土壤养分效应

土地利用影响地表覆被状况和生态过程,关系到土壤肥力与土壤碳库功能"源-汇"关系的改变。黑河中游甘州区和临泽县是我国西北干旱区典型的荒漠绿洲区,以土壤表层(0-20 cm)养分变化为对象,利用2011-2012年甘州区和临泽县的土壤野外调查数据和该区全国第二次土壤普查数据,对两时期土壤表层养分(土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾及pH值)的变化特征进行比较研究。结果表明:研究区土壤有机质、全磷含量分别降低了3.54%和12.5%;而全氮、全钾和pH值分别增加了74.4%、98.2%和4.9%。全国第二次土壤普查时期,荒漠、耕地与草地三者在各土壤养分上没有显著差异,但林地在土壤有机质、全氮、全钾上显著高于前三者。2011-2012年,耕地土壤的全磷、全氮与其它土地利用存在显著差异。土地利用的保持和改变对土壤养分变化有着重要影响,耕地的长期耕作使得土壤有机质含量降低4.94%,全氮增加86.93%,全磷减少5.02%,土壤碱性增强;荒漠植被的自然演替使土壤有机质含量增加66.21%,全氮增加71.70%,全磷含量减少37.33%,土壤碱性变弱。所以,耕地扩张及其长期耕作活动将导致地力退化并有盐碱化风险,而荒漠等自然生态系统保护有利于土壤肥力的改善和土壤固碳功能的发挥。;Land uses have significant impacts on the changes of land surface covers and ecological processes. Land use type is closely related to the soil fertility and soil carbon pool function. The Ganzhou District and Linze County of Gansu Province, as the typical oasis-desert ecotones, is located in the middle of Heihe River Basin in northwest arid region of China. The topsoil samples were took from the 0-20 cm depth land surface. The topsoil was sampled at Ganzhou District and Linze County during 2011-2012. The soil nutrients were tested in the laboratory including soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and pH. We compared the sampled soil nutrients with the national secondary soil survey data in 1980s which have the similar parameters of soil nutrient and pH.<br>The results showed that the soil organic matter and total phosphorus decreased by 3.54% and 12.5%, respectively, during 2011-2012 in comparison to 1980s. Whereas, the soil total nitrogen, soil total potassium and pH increased by 74.4%, 98.2%, and 4.9%. There had no significant differences of soil nutrients among the desert, cropland and meadow in 1980s. However, the soil nutrients of forest were significantly higher than those of the above three land uses such as soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen and soil total potassium. During the period of 2011-2012, the soil total phosphorus, soil total nitrogen of cropland were significantly different from those of the forest, meadow and desert. The results indicated that the long-term farming activity of cropland reduced soil organic matter by 4.94% and soil total phosphorus by 5.02%, but increased soil total nitrogen by 86.93% and made soil more alkaline. The results also showed that the desert can increase of soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen by 86.93% and 71.70% whereas decrease the soil total phosphorus and soil alkalinity as well. Therefore, the cropland expansion and long-term farming activities can lead to the soil fertility degradation coupling with the risk of salinization. However some natural ecological systems, such as the desert, are favor to improve the soil fertility and soil carbon sequestration.