太行山南段连翘群落结构及其影响因子研究

Abstract

连翘（Forsythia suspensa）不仅是一种常用大宗木本药用植物类型，而且也是重要的绿化植物类型。以太行山南段陵川境内广泛生长的连翘为研究对象，通过样方调查方法，解析连翘群落结构及影响因子，探讨海拔、坡向主要地形因子和土壤因子对群落格局的影响，以期有助于连翘的规模化种植。结果表明：（1）该区连翘群落可分为5类群丛：Ⅰ连翘（Forsythia suspensa）＋三裂绣线菊（Spiraea trilobata）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）群丛；Ⅱ连翘（Forsythia suspensa）＋白刺花（Sophora davidii）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）＋铁杆蒿（Tripolium vulgare）群丛；Ⅲ辽东栎（Quercus wutaishanica）-连翘（Forsythia suspensa）＋三裂绣线菊（Spiraea trilobata）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）+白头翁（Pulsatilla chinensis）群丛；Ⅳ油松（Pinus tabuliformis）-连翘（Forsythia suspensa）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）群丛；Ⅴ连翘（Forsythia suspensa）＋黄刺玫（Rosa xanthina）-披针叶苔草（Carex lanceolata）群丛。（2）海拔高度（H）、全钾（TK）和坡向（TRP）是影响该区连翘分布状况的3个主要环境因子。3个因子在4个层级水平上构成群落分型的主导因子。第一级主导因子是海拔高度（H=1330 m）；第二级是土壤总钾量（TK=19.07 mg/kg）和海拔（H>1330 m）；第三级是坡向（TRP=0.2775）、海拔（H>1330 m）和总钾量（TK<19.07 mg/kg）；第四级是总钾（TK=18.47 mg/kg）、海拔（H>1330 m）、和坡向（TRP>0.2775）。海拔高度和土壤肥力是影响太行山南段生境内连翘群落结构和规模化种植的要重环境因子。;Forsythia suspensa is one of the commonly used heavy bulk commodities Chinese medicinal plants and have essential for guarding human health. It is not only an important species of medicinal plants but also a vital for forest vegetation, in the same time also is a potential plant sources that used to improve ecology and beautify of the environment within many specific areas in China. Taihang Mountain is usually considered as one of the vital areas for biodiversity conservation in China.The study area located in Lingchuan, the southern of Taihang Mountains, Shanxi, is dominated by rocky hills and earthen hills, and belongs to a typical continental climate. There was high diversity of forest communities in the nature circumstance, among which, the distribution of the Forsythia suspensa mostly showed a typical shrub clusters community. It is a famous area of medical Forsythia suspensa mainly products all over our country. To research the community composition of Forsythia suspensa and reveal the effects of Forsythia suspensa community traits changes, resulted from the soil factors and the major topographic characteristics, an investigation was conducted in sixty typical sample poles (5 m×5 m) in the region. In the study, the impacts of the variety environment factors on the Forsythia suspensa community were analyzed by the sampling survey method.The major topographic factors included the Height above sea level (H), East longitude (E), Northern latitude (N) and slope direction (Transformation of aspect, TRP). Meanwhile the main soil factors were considered such as the soil Pondus Hydrogenii (pH)、Soil organic matter(TOC) soil total nitrogen (TN), soil total phosphorus (TP), soil total potassium (TK), soil available nitrogen (AN), soil available phosphorus (AP) and soil available potassium (AK). The results showed that (1) Forsythia communities in this area could be divided into five types of clusters, including Cluster I:Forsythia suspensa+Spiraea trilobata-Carex lanceolata; Cluster II:Forsythia suspensa+Sophora davidii-Carex lanceolata+Tripolium vulgare; Cluster III:Quercus wutaishanica-Forsythia suspensa+Spiraea trilobata-Carex lanceolata cluster; Cluster IV: Pinus tabuliformis -Forsythia suspensa-Carex lanceolata; and Cluster V:Forsythia suspensa+Rosa xanthine-Carex lanceolata. (2) H, TK, and TRP are three main environmental factors that affected the distribution of forsythia in this area. The three factors constitute the dominant factors for community typing at four levels. The first level of dominant factor is altitude (H=1330 m); the second level is total soil potassium (TK=19.07 mg/kg) and altitude (H>1330 m); the third level is slope direction (TRP=0.2775), altitude (H>1330 m), and total potassium (TK<19.07 mg/kg); the fourth level is total potassium (TK=18.47 mg/kg), altitude (H > 1330 m), and slope direction (TRP>0.2775). The study concluded that the development of forest medicinal herb forsythia on a large scale in the southern section of Taihang Mountains should not only pay attention to spatial distribution, but also implementation of necessary management measures to improve soil fertility to maintain the stability of forsythia community structure and enhance the Forsythia suspensa yield.