Soil-structure Interaction Effects Research Articles

Numerical investigation of the effects of soil-structure and granular material-structure interaction on the seismic response of a flat-bottom reinforced concrete silo

Numerical investigation of the effects of soil-structure and granular material-structure interaction on the seismic response of a flat-bottom reinforced concrete silo

Influence of soil structure interaction on G + 11 storied RC frame against unconfined surface blast loads

All Nuclear power plants consist of several structures of varying importance that have to be designed for dynamic loading like earthquakes and impacts that they might be exposed to. Research on the influence of dynamic loading from blast events is still crucial to address to guarantee the general safety and integrity of nuclear plants. Conventional structural design approaches typically ignore the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) effect. However, studies show that the SSI effect is significant in structures exposed to dynamic loads such as wind and seismic loads. The present study is focused on evaluating the Soil-Structure Interaction effects on G + 11 storied reinforced concrete framed structure exposed to unconfined surface blast loads. The SSI effect for three flexible soil bases (i.e., Loose, Medium, and Dense) is evaluated by performing a Fast Non-linear (Time History) Analysis on a Two-Dimensional Finite Element Model developed in (Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building System) ETABS software. Unconfined surface blast load of three different charge weights (i.e., 500 kg TNT, 1500 kg TNT, and 2500 kg TNT) at a standoff distance of 10 m are applied on the structure. Blast wave parameters are evaluated based on technical manual TM-5–1300. The blast response of the structure with and without the SSI effect is studied. It is concluded from this study that, there is a significant variation in dynamic response parameters of the structure with flexible soil bases compared to rigid or fixed base. For all magnitudes of surface blasts and soil base conditions, the ground floor is the most vulnerable floor against collapse. The study recommends measures to mitigate the damage due to unconfined surface blasts on multi-storey reinforced concrete structures.

Response Mitigation of Building Isolated by Shape Memory Alloy Rubber Bearing Considering Soil Structure Interaction Effect

Response Mitigation of Building Isolated by Shape Memory Alloy Rubber Bearing Considering Soil Structure Interaction Effect

Reliability assessment of ballasted railway bridges considering soil-structure interaction using ensemble of surrogate models

ABSTRACT The increasing speeds of modern trains lead to excessive vibrations on the bridges, which have the potential to destabilize the ballast particles. The occurrence of this phenomenon not only increases the track maintenance cost, but can also disrupt the load path from the rail level to the bridge deck, posing a risk to the train running safety. The design regulations indirectly control this limit-state by restricting the vertical acceleration of the bridge deck. The assessments pertaining to this purpose often neglect the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects considering that as a conservative assumption. Such effects can positively contribute by increasing the system damping, but they can also increase the bridge flexibility making it more susceptible to vibrations due to reduction on critical speed. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of considering/disregarding SSI effects on the ballast destabilization phenomenon using a probabilistic methodology. The results are classified based on the maximum permissible train speeds and the bridge span length. Due to the high computational costs of the reliability analyses, the associated limit-state is approximated by an ensemble of classification-based surrogate models using the stack-generalization concept. Subsequently, the upper/lower bounds of the failure probability in the presence of SSI effects are compared with those obtained for simply-supported bridges. It is pointed out that neglecting SSI effects for shorter span bridges may lead to an underestimation of system safety. For longer span bridges, however, this may lead to an overestimation of safety, which means that a non-conservative system can be designed.

The effect of dynamic soil-structure interaction on the response of periodic box girder bridges

The effect of dynamic soil-structure interaction on the response of periodic box girder bridges

Experimental and numerical assessment of soil-structure interaction effects in the case of mine-induced vibrations

Experimental and numerical assessment of soil-structure interaction effects in the case of mine-induced vibrations

Beneficial and detrimental impacts of soil-structure interaction on seismic response of high-rise buildings

In the traditional design method, structures are usually assumed as rigid base structures without considering soil-structure interaction (SSI). However, whether the effect of SSI on the seismic performance of structures is beneficial or detrimental is far from consensus among researchers. Moreover, previous literature mostly concentrated on the seismic behaviour of mid-rise buildings and moment-resisting frames. Therefore, it is in real need to comprehensively investigate the seismic response of tall buildings considering SSI. In this study, a soil-foundation-structure model developed in finite element software and verified by shaking table tests is used to critically explore the effects of SSI on high-rise buildings with a series of superstructure and substructure parameters. The beneficial and detrimental impacts of SSI are identified and discussed. Numerical simulation results indicate the rise in the stiffness of subsoil can dramatically amplify the base shear of structures. As the foundation rotation increases, inter-storey drifts are increased, and base shears are reduced. In general, SSI amplifies the inter-storey drifts showing detrimental effects of SSI. However, as for the base shear, SSI exerts detrimental effects on most piled foundation cases as well as classical compensated foundation structures resting on Ce soil, whereas, for compensated foundation structures resting on soil types De and Ee, effects of SSI are beneficial since the base shear is reduced. Moreover, regarding buildings with different structural systems and foundation types, minimum base shear ratios considering the SSI reduction effect are presented.

Static and dynamic analysis of a new offshore wind turbine system supported with outriggers

This article presents an innovative structural system for offshore wind turbines supported on monopiles. The novelty of this system lies in its enhancement of the lateral stiffness of the tubular tower through the incorporation of an outrigger system, widely employed in high-rise buildings. This novel system is modeled as a Timoshenko beam-column element under both static and dynamic loading scenarios, incorporating geometric nonlinearity and accounting for the effect of soil-structure interaction. A comprehensive numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the system’s behavior under various static and dynamic load cases, utilizing soil data from the Red Sea region of Egypt. A modal analysis is also incorporated to investigate the eigenmodes of the proposed system. This study offers valuable insights for designers and researchers, providing guidelines and diagrams for the implementation of the proposed system.

Influence of Subsoil and Building Material Properties on Mine-Induced Soil–Structure Interaction Effect

Soil–structure interaction (SSI) refers to the dynamic interaction between a structure and the surrounding soil on which it rests. The behavior of the soil can significantly affect the response of the building structure. In the context of civil engineering and structural analysis, SSI becomes particularly important when considering the response of structures to dynamic loads such as earthquakes or so-called paraseismic loads, e.g., mining tremors. Several factors contribute to SSI. Soil and building structure material properties, foundation type, and loading conditions are the most important parameters. The article concerns SSI in the case of mining rock bursts in Poland. The influence of changes in site material conditions and building material properties on the SSI phenomenon was investigated. A few variants of different properties of typical construction materials (brick, reinforced concrete, and cellular concrete) in the case of selected representative building structure were considered. The subsoil material properties from the wide range were also taken into account. Numerical three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) analysis was applied. The adopted models of the soil-structure system were verified by data from in situ experimental vibration measurements. A significant influence of the subgrade material and the building structure material on the SSI was demonstrated.

Seismic performance of soft soil foundation with a new type of assembled wall tuned mass damper.

The design of tuned mass damper (TMD) parameters is influenced by the soil-structure-TMD coupling system; thus, it is important to consider the soil-structure interaction (SSI) for the vibration control effect of the TMD. Recently, the acquisition of TMD parameters considering soil-structure interactions has only remained at the theoretical stage, lacking relevant experimental verification. Traditional TMD face the problems of occupying a large building space, increasing construction costs, and non-replaceable components. In this study, an assembled wall-type damping TMD was designed. By comparing the dynamic response of the uncontrolled and controlled structures equipped with the newly assembled wall-type damping TMD in the shaking table test on a soft soil foundation, we analyzed whether the SSI effect was considered in the TMD design parameters on the damping effect of the newly assembled wall-type tuned mass damper. The TMD parameters optimized using the artificial intelligence algorithm were verified experimentally. The results indicated that the traditional TMD design parameters were discordant because the SSI effect was not considered. The SSI effect in the soil effectively reduces the dynamic response of the superstructure. By considering the SSI effect and improving the multi-population genetic algorithm, a wall-type damping TMD with optimized parameters can achieve a good damping effect.

The Influence of Soil Deformability on the Seismic Response of 3D Mixed R/C–Steel Buildings

Following effective seismic codes, common buildings are considered to be made of the same material throughout the story distribution and based on an ideal rigid soil. However, in daily construction practice, there are often cases of buildings formed by a bottom part constructed with reinforced concrete (r/c) and a higher steel part, despite this construction type not being recognized by code assumptions. In addition, soil deformability, commonly referred to as the Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI), is widely found to affect the earthquake response of typical residence structures, apart from special structures, though it is not included in the normative design procedure. This work studies the seismic response of in-height mixed 3D models, considering the effect of sustaining deformable ground compared to the common rigid soil hypothesis, which has not been clarified so far in the literature. Two types of soft soil, as well as the rigid soil assumption, acting as a reference point, are considered, while two limit interconnections between the steel part on the concrete part are included in the group analysis. The possible influence of the seismic orientation angle is explored in the analysis set. Selected numerical results of the dynamic nonlinear analyses under strong near-fault ground excitations were plotted through dimensionless parameters to facilitate an objective comparative discussion. The effect of SSI on the nonlinear performance of three-dimensional mixed models is identified, which serves as the primary contribution of this work, making it unique among the numerous research works available globally and pointing to findings that are useful for the enhancement of the seismic rules regarding the design and analysis of code-neglected mixed buildings.

Numerical Modelling simulation technology of Nonlinear Multi-Field Coupled Ground Foundation

Contemporary civil engineering practices demand sophisticated computational tools to navigate the complexities of structural systems and their interactions with the ground. This paper introduces a novel numerical modelling simulation technology tailored for nonlinear multi-field coupled ground foundations. Ground foundations, pivotal interfaces between structures and underlying soil, undergo intricate interactions influenced by various physical phenomena, including soil-structure interaction, soil-structure-fluid interaction, and thermal effects. Traditional analytical methods often falter in capturing the nuanced nonlinear behavior of these coupled systems. Consequently, this paper proposes a comprehensive numerical modelling framework integrating advanced computational techniques to accurately simulate the complex interplay of multiple fields within ground foundations. The methodology incorporates finite element analysis, multi-physics coupling algorithms, and advanced constitutive models to capture the nonlinear behavior of soil, structure, and fluid interactions. Through detailed case studies and validation against experimental data, the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed simulation technology are demonstrated, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize the design and analysis of ground foundation systems in civil engineering applications. This paper represents a foundational contribution towards advancing the state-of-the-art in numerical modelling simulation technologies for nonlinear multi-field coupled ground foundations, fostering innovation and optimization in civil engineering practice.

Numerical investigation of nonlinear soil-structure interaction effects on response of irregular RC buildings

Kathmandu, located in a high seismic zone, predominantly features irregular structures among its building stock. These structures are particularly susceptible to severe damage during seismic events, primarily due to torsional effects. Traditional seismic designs rely particularly on fixed-base conditions that underestimate forces and displacement primarily on soft soil conditions leading to irrational design practices. This study aims to quantify the seismic performance of buildings on various base conditions through fully nonlinear Soil-structure Interaction (SSI). The soil nonlinear behaviour was modelled using the Pressure-Independ-Multi-Yield (PIMY) material with an octahedral shear stress-strain backbone curve. Three distinct soil types were considered, and structures with irregular plan configurations were modelled using finite elements in both Opensees and STKO platforms. Structural performance was analyzed through nonlinear dynamic analysis, and outputs were evaluated based on seismic parameters. Comparing nonlinear SSI with linear SSI and fixed-base conditions revealed a significant increase in structural response, expressed in terms of displacement, drift ratio, and base shear. The magnitude of diaphragm rotation was found to be influenced by a combination of building torsional irregularity and SSI effects. It is suggested that the conventional practice of using the torsional irregularity ratio as a measure of torsional irregularity be revised and enhanced to better account for these influences. It has been quantified that torsional irregularity has a relatively lesser impact on displacements, drifts, and base shear compared to SSI. In all cases, fixed-base conditions consistently exhibited the minimum response. The study explored that linear SSI and fixed-base conditions tend to underestimate structural responses, while nonlinear SSI coupled with dynamic analysis provides a more accurate representation of realistic structural behaviour for seismic design particularly in soft soil cases.

The Parameter Identification of Structure with TMD considering Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction

Parameter identification is of great significance for the postearthquake performance evaluation of structure equipped with tuned mass damper (TMD). However, the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects have not been considered in the parameter identification of structure with TMD yet, which influence the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of structures. This paper aims at proposing a framework for identifying the physical parameters of soil-structure-TMD system. Firstly, the accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm is combined with the search space reduction (SSR) method. Then, the frequency response function and transmissibility function are adopted for output-input and input-only cases, respectively, and a simplified mechanical model for soil-structure-TMD system is employed. Next, the measured responses are used to identify the physical parameters of structure with TMD considering SSI effects. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed identification method is investigated, and the influences of frequency band and noise pollution on the identification performance are discussed. The results show that the proposed strategy can identify the system physical parameters accurately and quickly. It is worth noting that high frequency bands and noise pollution may lead to estimation error, especially for output-only case.

The role of the foundation gap on the pounding between low-rise buildings

The pounding between two structures may cause severe damage, as demonstrated during historical seismic events. In particular, the effects of the continuity between the foundations below two structures have been investigated a few times in the past literature. Two different configurations (continue and non-continue foundations) have been investigated herein by considering several low-rise buildings. In order to consider the effects of Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) between the structures, the foundation, and the soil, a deformable soil below the foundations was considered. 3D Numerical simulations have been performed with Opensees by considering the SSI non-linear mechanisms of the complex system: soil-foundation-structure. A parametric study on the dynamic characteristics (fundamental periods) of the two structures was performed in order to assess the mutual effects of the soil and the considered low-rise buildings. It was demonstrated the role of continued foundations, whether for existing or new buildings, on reducing the pounding risk between structures. In particular, the collision between the two foundations may significantly increase the response of the building, depending on its flexibility. Also, the level of stress in the soil depends on the pounding forces causing significant increases in the structural deformations.

Targeted Energy Transfer Evaluation for Nonlinear Vibrations of Elastic Medium-Finite Length Beam System Using Nonlinear Energy Sink Theory

The elastic medium can usually reduce the vibration of supporting structure, and the impact of the interaction on the vibration characteristics of the structure is similar to the characteristic of nonlinear energy sink. At present, the dynamic research of beam on elastic foundation considering soil motion has been paid more and more attention. According to the modified Winkler model, the finite-depth elastic medium can be considered to the nonlinear energy sink mass, and the vibration energy dissipation capacity and parameter optimization of the elastic medium supporting finite-length beam under half sine pulse are studied. The Galerkin truncation is applied to the discretization of the governing equations. The numerical solution of the beam coupling system with simple support on the elastic medium is obtained by applying the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Based on this, the input energy ratio of the elastic medium dissipation is investigated. Furthermore, through the analysis and optimization of targeted energy transfer and dissipation, the dissipation effect of the finite range elastic medium on the vibration energy of its supporting beam is revealed, and the optimal parameter range of the elastic medium is proved. The results show that after adjusting the elastic medium parameters by technical means, the nonlinear energy sink can absorb most of the vibration energy of the beam quickly and effectively, and the optimal energy dissipation ratio can reach 95.16[Formula: see text]. The quantitative evaluation of the energy dissipation in elastic medium within soil–structure interaction effect is realized.

Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction on Story Acceleration Response of a High-Rise Building

Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction on Story Acceleration Response of a High-Rise Building

Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction on the Response of Machine Foundation Subjected to Seismic Loading: A Review Study

This review provides a detailed look at the current knowledge and approaches related to Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) in machine foundation design, focusing on its substantial impact on seismic response and structural stability. The significance of this interaction in structural design, especially in areas prone to seismic activity, is pivotal. The paper begins by exploring various modeling methods, like the Finite Element Method (FEM), highlighting their importance in understanding the intricate aspects of DSSI, such as energy loss and interface behavior. It is evident from the studies that FEM is particularly effective in analyzing settlement under reciprocating loads. Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is a complex phenomenon that can positively and negatively affect the seismic performance of machine foundations. Several factors, including embedment depth, soil stiffness, and foundation properties, govern the influence of SSI. This review discusses the dual nature of SSI and highlights the importance of considering the interaction between soil properties, foundation design, seismic loads, and interaction effects. In addition, it identifies the limitations of the current research and advocates for more accurate and inclusive models and extensive empirical studies to address real-world complexities and uncertainties. In conclusion, this review offers crucial insights and foundational knowledge for future innovative design solutions and advanced research methodologies and significantly contributes to developing resilient and reliable structural designs in seismic-prone regions. The emphasis is on the need for more nuanced and comprehensive studies to further the understanding and application of DSSI in machine foundation design.

Seismic Response of Vertical Hybrid Concrete/Steel Frames Considering Soil–Structure Interaction

The aim of this study is to investigate the seismic behavior of concrete/steel mixed structures. In engineering praxis, many buildings consist of two parts: one made of reinforced concrete and the other made of steel. There are several difficulties in the code-based seismic design of these structures due to the different dynamic responses of each discrete part. Seismic design codes, such as the IBC and Eurocode 8, do not provide instructions for structures consisting of two parts. In addition, they use a single-loading scenario, but there are many locations that are affected by more than one earthquake in a short period. Another drawback is that recent provisions do not consider soil–structure interaction effects. The specific issue addressed here is the seismic response of mixed structures, which is evaluated through inelastic time–history analysis. More specifically, the response indices involve height-wise distributions for peak interstory drift ratios, maximum floor horizontal displacements, maximum floor accelerations, and plastic hinge formations in the frame elements when they are subjected to seismic sequences of earthquakes, as well as in far fault ground motions for different soil types. The results reveal that sequential ground motions lead to increased displacement demands, and they affect the permanent displacements. This phenomenon appears in both cases of stiff and flexible soil, as well as for both regular and irregular frames. It is found that soil–structure interaction generally leads to lower values of IDR, and maximum horizontal displacement and acceleration in comparison with the case of rigid soil assumptions.

Numerical analysis on the seismic performance of subway station reinforced by ECC-BFRP

In areas with high seismic activity, enhancing the seismic performance of subway station structures is of paramount importance. This paper presents a novel approach involving the application of an ECC-BFRP (Engineered Cementitious Composite with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer) composite layer to reinforce central columns of subway stations situated in loess site. To evaluate the effectiveness of this reinforcement method, a three-dimensional finite element model of subway station structure, accounting for soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects, was meticulously developed using the finite element software Abaqus. The seismic responses of the subway stations with various reinforcement scenarios such as reinforced by the cement mortar, ECC, Mortar-BFRP and ECC-BFRP layer were respectively analyzed in comparison to the unreinforced station. Both the structural displacement response and the changing pattern of damage development for the overall and local structural members were obtained. The results indicated that the ECC-BFRP composite layer could effectively improve the stiffness of the central column and reduce the seismic response of the station. Meanwhile, the seismic damage of the central column was significantly reduced, and the seismic damage distribution of other structural members was uniformly distributed. Consequently, the seismic performance of the station was effectively improved. The research results provided valuable guidance for the seismic design of underground structures.