Fluorine In Soils Research Articles

Spatio-temporal behaviour and mass balance of fluorine in forest soils near an aluminium smelting plant: short- and long-term aspects

With the help of a large number of monitoring sites, the behaviour of F in forested ecosystems of a formerly polluted area (Möhlin and Rheinfelden, Switzerland) could be studied over 30 years. An aluminium smelting plant originated the pollution of this area in the past: however, after the installation of a filtration plant in 1958 the F emissions were reduced and since 1991 almost absent the primary production of aluminium was stopped. The present-day area with elevated F contents (water-soluble F with >20 mg/kg) is restricted to a radius of about 1000 m from the plant. In 1969 this area had a radius of about 3 and 5 km. Between 1969 and 2000 a significant decrease in the soluble F content in the soil was observed together with a substantial decrease of F in the vegetation. The net losses of water-soluble F in the soil were in the range of 35 up to more than 70% of the original concentration and the F losses in the vegetation between 60 up to more than 80%. After the reduction of high F deposition rates the accumulated SOM was decomposed within the observation period 1969–1993. The combined decrease in F and humus led to chain reactions with losses of major elements and a dealumination of clay minerals, i.e. removal of interlayered Al of 2:1 minerals and consequent formation of smectites.

Ingestion of soil fluorine: Its impact on the fluorine metabolism and status of grazing young sheep

When young sheep ingested soil fluorine (F) at moderate to high rates (69–184 mg F day−1 for 63 days) the apparent absorption of F ranged from 44 to 53%, while apparent retention of F ranged from 28 to 42%. The respective values for ingestion of sodium fluoride (NaF) at 69 mg F day−1 were 69% and 39–45%. Increasing F intakes had little effect on kidney and liver F concentrations, but markedly increased the bone F concentrations in the sheep fed NaF or soil with high levels of F. Further, serum F concentration and the rate of F accumulation in bone were related to soil F intake. The rate of F accumulation in bone was curvilinearly related to serum F concentration, and serum F concentration had to be > 0.25 mg litre−1 before a significant accumulation of F occurred in bone. Serum F concentration could be a useful index to assess the soil F intakes and F status of grazing sheep. An examination of the sheep during and at the end of the study showed no clinical signs of fluorosis, such as mottled teeth or bone abnormalities.

Effects of chromium (VI) on extractability and plant uptake of fluorine in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China

In view of combined chromium and fluorine pollution in soils ofcoastal areas of China, the interactions between chromium andfluorine in soil-crop systems were studied using chemical extraction and pot culture methods. Regression analyses of theexperimental results indicated that there were different correlation relationships between added chromium and extractedfluorine in the soils and the absorption of fluorine in rice andradish seedlings. Water-soluble and exchangeable fluorine inthe soils and the absorption of fluorine in rice seedlings decreased with increasing chromium addition, when soil fluorineconcentrations were low. When soil fluorine was high, water-soluble and exchangeable fluorine in the soils, and the absorption of fluorine by radish seedlings, increased with increasing chromium addition. It was preliminarily concludedthat chromium could not only induce fluorine deficiency, but also augment fluorine toxicity in soil-crop systems.

Content of fluorine in soils in the vicinity of aluminium plant in Podgorica

The purpose of this paper was to determine whether soils, located in the vicinity of the aluminium plant in Podgorica, are polluted with fluorine. For this purpose 60 soil samples (26 of brown and 34 of alluvial soil) were collected from two depths (0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm). Total and available fluorine were determined by potentiometric method, after necessary preparations of soil samples for the analysis. It was found that in almost all soil samples the content of total fluorine was above 300 mg/kg - maximum permissible value for the content of this element in agricultural soils. Highest values were found on locations southwards of the aluminium plant. However, the content of available fluorine (soluble in water) in the soil samples is very low (average value is 0.70 mg/kg) indicating that major part of deposited fluorine had transformed itself into insoluble compounds like CaF2.

Effect of Soil Fluorine at Various Concentrations on the Growth of Rice Plants under Soil Culture.

工場排水中に含まれるフッ素は河川, かんがい水ひいては土壌を汚染する可能性がある.そこで1991～1992年の2年間にわたり土壌フッ素濃度とイネの生育および収量の関係について検討した.1991年にはフッ素濃度を対照区(フッ素100ppm含む), 279, 458, 816, 1173, 1352および1531ppmの7水準に調整した土壌で水稲品種コシヒカリを栽培した.1992年には対照区(フッ素100ppm含む), 279および458ppm3水準の土壌フッ素濃度になるように調整した土壌に水稲品種コシヒカリを栽培した.その結果, 279ppmの土壌フッ素はイネの出葉経過および分げつ数にほとんど影響を及ぼさなかったが, 458ppmの土壌フッ素は出葉の遅延および分げつ数の低下をもたらした.土壌フッ素濃度が高くなるにつれ, 出葉および分げつは抑制された.279ppmの土壌フッ素は1株当り穂数, 1株当り籾数および1穂籾数に影響を及ぼさなかったが, 458ppmの土壌フッ素は1株当り穂数, 1株当り籾数および1穂籾数を抑制した.しかし, 登熟歩合および玄米千粒重に影響はみられなかった.279ppmの土壌フッ素は根の乾物重を減少させ, 458ppmの土壌フッ素は籾, 葉身, 葉鞘(稈を含む)および根の乾物重に低下をもたらした.土壌フッ素濃度が高くなるにつれ, 籾を含むすべての乾物重は減少することがわかった.

Environmental geochemistry of fluorine in the rock-soil-water system in the karst region of central Guizhou Province

Systematic determination of and adsorption experiment on fluorine in the carbonate rock-soil-water system in the karst region studied in Guizhou Province, in conjunction with the mineral surface and soil chemistry data, have revealed the geochemical characteristics of F and the mechanisms of its transport and enrichment in the rock-soil-water-system of the karst region, central Guizhou Province. Deep-seated underground waters (−100m or lower) and soil layers in the karst region of central Guizhou are characterized by high-F anomalies whereas shallow-level underground and surface waters by low contents of F (mostly lower than 0. 5 mg/ L). Fluorine in soil and water in the region studied comes largely from Triassic marine strata dominated by gypsum-bearing carbonate rocks. The special adsorption and desorption of F on the surface of geothite in soil layers are the important mechanisms of its transport and enrichment in the rock-soil-water system of the karst region studied.

Comparability of chemical analysis of heavy metals and fluorine in soils: Results of an interlaboratory study

Abstract The results of an interlaboratory study, with 45 participants, of the analysis of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl, and F in soil samples by specified extraction techniques and optional measurement procedures are presented. The results are presented graphically as the relationship between robust coefficients of variation of reproducibility and the robust mean concentrations, separately for individual analytical measurement procedures. The graphs clearly show the strongly differing degree of comparability for the various elements and extraction techniques over the range of respective concentrations. The often considerable influence of the analytical measurement procedure on the comparability of the laboratory results also becomes apparent.

Fluorine in the UK environment

Relatively low concentrations of fluorine in drinking water (≤ 1 mg F/l) have been shown to significantly reduce the degree of dental caries in children and fluorine would also appear to have a beneficial effect on bone formation in both humans and farm animals. However, it is apparent that elevated levels of fluorine in the diet have sometimes resulted in problems of increased dental caries and of the development of bone deformities. Much of the fluorine in rocks and soils occurs in apatite and hydroxysilicate minerals, fluorite being the only relatively common rock forming mineral containing fluorine as an essential constituent.Little systematic data are available on fluorine concentrations in soils, plants and natural waters in the UK. General background soil concentrations lie in the range 200 - 400 mg F/kg. For waters the average fluorine content is low, <0.1 mg F/l.In the British Isles there are several areas where there are enhanced levels of fluorine. In the northern Pennines, Derbyshire, northeast Wales and Cornwall, fluorite occurs as a significant component of mineralisation and much fluorine has been added to the environment from mining waste dumps. Soils in northeast Wales contain up to 3,650 mg F/kg and in the northern Pennines up to 20,000 mg F/kg. Waters contain up to 2.3 mg F/l. In southwest England, the granites are generally fluorine-rich with the fluorite granites of the St Austell pluton containing as much as 1 percent fluorine. These rocks are frequently kaolinised and intensively worked as a source of china clay. Soils in the vicinity of the waste tips contain up to 3,300 mg F/kg and grasses up to 2,950 mg F/kg. Surface waters in the St Austell area contain up to 1.25 mg F/l.Atmospheric fluorine pollution around brickworks in the Peterborough and Bedford areas has resulted in fluorosis in farm animals. Other sources of atmospheric fluorine pollution are aluminium smelters, steelworks and fossil fuel burning.

Sources of halogens in the environment, influences on human and animal health

Of the halogens, fluorine has the highest crustal abundance (544 mg/kg) while iodine has the lowest (0.25 mg/kg), however, chlorine is by far the most abundant halogen in the cosmos. The geochemistries of the four naturally occurring halogens have some similarities with fluorine, chlorine and bromine being classified as lithophile elements while iodine is more chalcophile in nature. Bromine and iodine behave in a similar fashion in the secondary environment and could be classified as biophile elements being concentrated in organic matter. Chlorine, bromine and iodine are strongly enriched in the sea while iodine and to a lesser extent bromine are further concentrated in the marine algae.Apart from the occurrence of fluorine in fluorite (CaF2) there are few commonly occurring minerals which contain the halogens as essential constituents. In the igneous environment fluorine and chlorine tend to occupy hydroxyl lattice sites in micas, amphiboles, apatites etc., while in sediments clays can contain appreciable quantities of these elements. Bromine and iodine, however, would be unlikely to fit into the lattice sites of common rock-forming minerals.Bromine, like iodine, is probably volatilised from the marine environment and is carried on to land surfaces. This behaviour of iodine and bromine is reflected in the increased I/CI and Br/CI ratios of surface run-off in continental compared with near coastal environments.Limited information on the soil geochemistry of the halogens suggests that the soil contents of chlorine, bromine and iodine are influenced by proximity to the sea. Soil fluorine, however, is generally dependent on its content in the parent material. In some areas pollutant sources of the halogens contribute appreciably to their concentration in the environment.Iodine and chlorine are essential elements for mammals and fluorine has been shown to have beneficial effects on bone and tooth formation. However, excess quantities of dietary fluorine can be harmful. It is possible, in view of its ubiquitous occurrence in the biosphere, that bromine has a hitherto unknown function in human and animal health.

TOTAL FLUORINE IN CSSC REFERENCE SOIL SAMPLES

Total fluorine was measured in a variety of Canadian soils using the lithium metaborate-nitric acid solution technique in conjunction with the fluoride electrode. Total fluorine ranged from 90 to 1000 mg∙kg−1. Key words: Soil fluorine analysis, fluoride electrode, CSSC reference soil samples

Fluorine in Agricultural Soils of Southeastern Pennsylvania

AbstractThree fractions of fluorine were measured in a variety of Pennsylvania soils using a fluoride electrode. Mean total, soluble and resin‐extractable F values for 55 samples were 377±27, 0.38±0.5 and 21.7±1.6 ppm, respectively, in a variety of soils typical of the Piedmont and Triassic Lowlands of southeastern Pennsylvania. Each of the F fractions was related to soil pH. Selected soils were leached with a standard F solution and found to retain substantial amounts of F.

EFFECT OF FLUORINE AND PHOSPHORUS APPLIED TO A SODIC SOIL ON THEIR AVAILABILITY AND ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT

A replicated pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of five levels of fluorine (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm F) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm P), applied to a rice crop grown in soils of two sodicities, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) 30 and 70, on their transformations in soil and uptake by a subsequent wheat crop. Application of fluorine resulted in increased water-extractable fluorine in the soil, the relative increase being greater in soil of high ESP, which was associated with high pH. Fluorine uptake by plants increased linearly (r = 0.89) with increased water-extractable fluorine in the soil, and this resulted in a significant reduction in the wheat yield. A fluorine content of 35 ppm in mature wheat straw, which was associated with 22 ppm of water-extractable fluorine in the soil, was observed to be the critical concentration for grain yield. Higher uptake of fluorine by the plant resulted in increased uptake of sodium although composition in respect of other constituents remained unaffected. Application of both phosphorus and fluorine resulted in higher extractability of each other in soil, the relative increase being more at higher fluorine levels. The effect of phosphorus on soil fluorine was more marked at low than at high ESP. From the results it seems that while there is a positive effect of phosphorus on soil fluorine, it has a negative effect on its uptake by the plant. Increasing phosphorus in the soil and in the plant resulted in marked reduction in the chlorine content of the plant (r = 0.79).

Existing State of Soluble Fluorine in Soil (Part 2)

Existing State of Soluble Fluorine in Soil (Part 2)

Existing State of Soluble Fluorine in Soil (Part 1)

Existing State of Soluble Fluorine in Soil (Part 1)

Report on the Determination of Fluorine in Soils

Report on the Determination of Fluorine in Soils

Report on Fluorine in Soils

Report on Fluorine in Soils

Report on Boron and Fluorine in Soils

Report on Boron and Fluorine in Soils

Report on Boron And Fluorine in Soils

Report on Boron And Fluorine in Soils

Report on Less Common Elements in Soils Fluorine in Soil and Other Materials Related to Agriculture

Report on Less Common Elements in Soils Fluorine in Soil and Other Materials Related to Agriculture

Relation of Fluorine in Soils, Plants, and Animals.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelation of Fluorine in Soils, Plants, and Animals.L. A. SteinkoenigCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1919, 11, 5, 463–465Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1919Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1919https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50113a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (370 KB) Get e-Alerts