Statistical Analysis Software Package Research Articles

Handling missing data in longitudinal clinical trials: three examples from the pediatric psychology literature.

Researchers by default tend to choose complex models when analyzing nonindependent response variable data, this may be particularly applicable in the analysis of longitudinal trial data, possibly due to the ability of such models to easily address missing data by default. Both maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation and multiple imputation (MI) are well-known to be acceptable methods for handling missing data, but much of the recently published quantitative literature has addressed questions regarding the research designs and circumstances under which one should be chosen over the other. The purpose of this article is threefold. First, to clearly define the assumptions underlying three common longitudinal trial data analysis models for continuous dependent variable data: repeated measures analysis of covariance (RM-ANCOVA), generalized estimating equation (GEE), and a longitudinal linear mixed model (LLMM). Second, to clarify when ML or MI should be chosen, and to introduce researchers to an easy-to-use, empirically well-validated, and freely available missing data multiple imputation program: BLIMP. Third, to show how missing longitudinal trial data can be handled in the three data analysis models using three popular statistical analysis software packages (SPSS, Stata, and R) while keeping the published quantitative research in mind.

Prevalence and Pattern of Ear Disease Among Primary School Students in Samoa: Preliminary Results from ENT Clinic Outreach to Urban, Rural and Remote Settings.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and pattern of ear disease among students attending primary school in urban, rural, and remote regions of Samoa in order to develop an evidence-based national school ear and hearing health program. Methods: Retrospective clinical data review of all primary school students seen by the Ear, Nose & Throat Clinic of Samoa during school-based outreach visits from March 2022 to April 2024. A purposefully designed spreadsheet was created to extract the following information from the clinical records: school location (urban, rural, remote), gender (male, female), age (years), age category (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15+ years), right ear diagnosis, left ear diagnosis. Data were entered into the SPSS statistical software package for descriptive statistical analysis and association tests of significance. Results: A total of 1491 primary school students were seen for ear health examinations (51.1% male, 48.9% female), with a mean age of 9.1 years (SD = 2.3). Five primary schools were included, representing urban (n = 865), rural (n = 258), and remote (n = 368) settings. Overall, 682 (45.7%) students had normal ear examination results for both ears, 237 (15.9%) had an ear pathology in 1 ear only, and 568 (38.1%) had ear pathology in both ears. Bilateral ear pathology was significantly higher among students who were in the 5 to 9 age group (P < .00001), female (P = .035), and from rural settings (P = .0001). The most common pathology was impacted cerumen (36.8%), followed by otitis media with effusion (7.5%). Overall prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) was 2.6% (n = 39 students). Following the school visits, no further intervention was required for 1180 students (79%), mostly due to successful cerumen and foreign body removals for 468 students (31.4%). Conclusion: Impacted cerumen is a significant issue among Samoan school-aged students, and future school-based ear health programs should include staff members trained in cerumen removal. CSOM prevalence suggests an avoidable burden of disease that must be addressed.

INDEX ASSESSMENT OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE AND ORAL HYGIENE OF PATIENTS AT THE PREOPERATIVE STAGE OF TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS II-III DEGREE

A significant concern in modern dentistry is the increasing prevalence of periodontitis among the Ukrainian population. At present, there is a high frequency of diagnosis for initial-І degree and II-degree periodontitis in our country. However, a comprehensive comparative chronological analysis of index evaluation of periodontal tissues before the beginning of surgical treatment of generalized periodontitis of II and III degree of severity and after its completion has not yet been carried out, which determined the relevance of this study. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap in the literature.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of periodontal tissues of patients at the preoperative stage of generalized periodontitis ІІ-ІІІІ degree treatment using periodontal and hygienic indices.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. Analysis of periodontal indices (PMA, PBI, Rtg-index, HEC, and tooth mobility&#x0D; score) was performed in 39 patients with GP II degree and 21 patients with GP III degree. Assessment of oral cavity hygiene by the OHI-S index was performed in patients with GP II-III degree and compared with data from 30 practically healthy people without dental diseases. The classification of M.F. Danilevsky (1994) with the additions of I.S. Mashchenko (2002) was used to evaluate the condition of periodontal tissues. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the software packages for statistical analysis of data from biomedical research “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistica”.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the values of periodontal indices: PMA ranged from 49.90±2.28% in patients with GP II degree to 64.25±3.22% in patients with GP III degree, p&lt;0.01; PBI in patients with GP III degree was 1.2 times lower than in patients with GP II degree (2.39±0.05 points vs. 2.86±0.07 points, p&lt;0.01; tooth mobility in patients with GP II degree was 2.00±0.10 points and was 1.5 times lower than in patients with GP III degree (2. 98±0.13 points), p&lt;0.01; the value of HEC in patients with GP III degree was 1.5 times higher than in patients with GP II degree (3.57±0.10 mm vs. 2.45±0.08 mm, p&lt;0.01); the values of Rtg-index in patients with GP ranged from 2.45±0.08 points in patients with GP II degree to 1.49±0.06 points in patients with GP III degree. According to the OHI-S index, in the control group and in patients with GP II degree, the values of the analyzed parameter were 1.82±0.13 points and 2.26±0.14 points, p&lt;0. 05, while in patients with GP III degree the value of OHI-S index (2.92±0.16 points) corresponded to poor hygiene of oral cavity and exceeded the value in the control group by 1.6 times, p&lt;0.01, and in patients with GP II degree by 1.3 times, p1&lt;0.01.&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus, the need for comprehensive treatment of GP II-III degree was emphasized by high index scores of periodontal indices, which in patients with GP III degree were significantly higher compared with similar data in patients with GP II degree, p&lt;0.01. The assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity in patients of both the comparison group and patients with advanced forms of GP degree the need to strengthen and improve individual, professional and motivational measures in this cohort of subjects.

Perceptions of readiness for interprofessional learning among Ethiopian medical residents at Addis Ababa University: a mixed methods study

BackgroundInterprofessional learning is an important approach to preparing residents for collaborative practice. Limited knowledge and readiness of residents for interprofessional learning is considered one of the barriers and challenges for applying Interprofessional learning. We aimed to assess the perceptions of readiness of medical residents for interprofessional learning in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a parallel mixed-methods study design to assess the perceptions of readiness for interprofessional learning among internal medicine and neurology residents of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 1 to June 30, 2021. One hundred one residents were included in the quantitative arm of the study, using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) tool. All internal medicine and neurology residents who consented and were available during the study period were included. SPSS/PC version 25 software packages for statistical analysis (SPSS) was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were summarized as mean and standard deviation for continuous data as well as frequencies and percentages to describe categorical variables. Data were presented in tables. In addition, qualitative interviews were undertaken with six residents to further explore residents’ knowledge and readiness for IPL. Data were analyzed using a six-step thematic analysis.ResultsOf the 101 residents surveyed, the majority of the study participants were male (74.3%). The total mean score of RIPLS was 96.7 ± 8.9. The teamwork and collaboration plus patient-centeredness sub-category of RIPLS got a higher score (total mean score: 59.3 ± 6.6 and 23.5 ± 2.5 respectively), whereas the professional identity sub-category got the lowest score (total mean score: 13.8 ± 4.7). Medical residents’ perceptions of readiness for interprofessional learning did not appear to be significantly influenced by their gender, age, year of professional experience before the postgraduate study, and department. Additionally, the qualitative interviews also revealed that interprofessional learning is generally understood as a relevant platform of learning by neurology and internal medicine residents.ConclusionsWe found high scores on RIPLS for internal medicine and neurology postgraduate residents, and interprofessional learning is generally accepted as an appropriate platform for learning by the participants, which both suggest readiness for interprofessional learning. This may facilitate the implementation of interprofessional learning in the postgraduate medical curriculum in our setting. We recommend medical education developers in Ethiopia consider incorporating interprofessional learning models into future curriculum design.

THE IMPACT OF RECESS BREAKS IN THE LEARNING PROCESS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCENTRATION SKILLS

Nowadays one of the major problems in education is the lack of a specific strategy for the implementation of breaks (recess policy) in an educational institution. The development of such a strategy in the majority of cases is different for every school, as evaluating several factors is required, e.g., the age of students, interests, learning needs and progress, the location and specialization of the school, etc. However, students` awareness of the necessity for individual recess strategy gains importance as well. The research aim is to investigate and clarify the possibilities and necessity of recess breaks in primary school. There are theoretical research methods and empirical research methods (students’, teachers’ and parents’ surveys), data processing and analysis methods (quantitative, graphical representation of data, data analysis using IBM SPSS v.22 predictive analytics and statistical analysis software package) used in the research. The analysis of students’ survey emphasized that students more often prefer listening to music or socializing during breaks. While parents’ questionnaire highlighted the necessity for their offsprings to spend more time outside in fresh air. They mean it would help their children to better concentrate in lessons. While teachers` survey analysis revealed that students concentration is better if students are more interested in a particular subject.

Clinical characteristics and assessment of the frequency of complications after surgical treatment of patients with free and strangulated hernias using synthetic implants

Objective. To give a clinical assessment and conduct a comparative analysis of the frequency of postoperative complications in patients with free and strangulated hernias of various localizations after tension-free hernioplasty using synthetic implants.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 965 medical records of inpatient patients who underwent tension-free hernioplasty for hernias of various localizations in the period from 2018 to 2022 was carried out. The results of the study were processed using applied statistics using MS Excel and a software package for statistical analysis “Statistica v. 10.0”. Statistically significant differences were considered at p &lt; 0.05.Results. The study revealed that in the postoperative period after tension-free hernioplasty in patients with strangulated hernias, the complication rate was 15.8%. At the same time, the frequency of complications was higher after “onlay” hernioplasty in patients with strangulated hernias than in patients with free hernias. The frequency of postoperative complications in patients with impaired postoperative ventral hernias is 8.3 times higher than in patients with free postoperative ventral hernias. In the postoperative period, complications such as seroma and infiltration of the postoperative wound were detected in 10.5 and 5.2% of cases in patients with strangulated hernias. The duration of inpatient treatment for patients with complications after hernioplasty is 2.6 times longer compared to patients without complications (p &lt; 0,05).Conclusion. In the postoperative period, in patients with strangulated hernias, the incidence of complications was observed in 15.8% of cases, and in patients with free and irreducible hernias in 1.5% of cases. Clinically, such postoperative complications as seromas, infiltrates of the postoperative wound, ligature fistulas, scrotal hematoma, orchitis, abscess of the postoperative wound were identified.

Оценка «ошибки» классификации нейросети для анализа социально-психологических особенностей учащихся группы риска по наркотизации

Background. Presented study shows the potential of using nonlinear analysis algorithms as an opportunity for a comprehensive study of the socio-psychological characteristics of students who are and are not assigned to the risk groups for drug addiction when processing the large data sets. Objectives. The study had its purpose to compare linear and nonlinear algorithms for assigning students to the risk group for narcotic drug use and to determine by longitudinal comparative analysis which of the algorithms has better prognostic potential. Study Participants. The study involved 27,790 high school students (Mage = 16.2; SD = 2.03), from this sample, 11,786 students participated in the longitudinal study in 2020 and 2021. Methods. Organizational method: comprehensive. Empirical method: psychodiagnostic — socio-psychological testing (SPT). The study was carried out using the Unified Methodology of Socio-Psychological Testing (EM SPT-19). Data processing methods: quantitative analysis — neural network method, comparative analysis, contingency analysis, discriminant analysis. Interpretive method: structural. Software: “Statistica” statistical analysis software package, “Loginom” analytical low-code platform. Results. The study allowed to select errors of positive and negative attribution to the risk group made by using the neural network model. The analysis revealed that erroneous assignment to the risk group is associated with homogeneity of the matched groups on all scales of risk factors, while such homogeneity is not identified by the protection factors. Comparative analysis of data from students positively and negatively assigned to the risk group found significant differences only in anxiety and frustration scales. It is interesting fact that anxiety and frustration also turn out to be the scales that, according to discriminant analysis, do not have a distinguishing ability when predicting the assignment of a student to a risk group. Conclusions. Classification implemented by means of the neural network model has an advantage over the linear algorithm, associated with consideration of intra-scale relationships and greater stability over time in the identified risk/norm groups. The correctness of the neural network solution is confirmed by the results of discriminant analysis. The study demonstrated that social desirability of answers, which is the most common reason for recognizing respondents' answers as unreliable, does not play a significant role in classification using a neural network. The problematized categories of “anxiety” and “frustration” require further analysis concerning their role in forming a sample of students at risk.

DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURS IN LOGISTIC INDUSTRY: GEM STUDY ANALYSIS

The subject of this paper's analysis are the determinants of entrepreneurs in the early stages of the development of their ventures in logistic industry. The goal is to identify the factors that influence the decision to engage in entrepreneurial activity in the logistics sector. For the analysis, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database was used, from which 73,806 respondents from European countries were filtered, of which 192 were from the field of logistics. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical analysis software package Stata IC 15.0. The research covers demographic factors, growth factors, internationalization factors and motivational factors. Demographic factors (gender, age, work status) are statistically significant for entrepreneurs in the field of logistics. Men are more likely to be entrepreneurs in the logistics sector. The 18 to 25 and 45 to 54 age groups are most likely to engage in these ventures. Self-employed is the predominant work status of these entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs in the field of logistics are characterized by the expectation of an increase in the number of employees, as well as a significant percentage of realized income from abroad. Financial motivators are what drive entrepreneurs in the logistics sector.

Increasing Trend and Influencing Factors of Pre-term Labor in Iran from 2005 to 2019

Background: Each year, an estimated 15 million pre-term births occur worldwide, with the incidence of pre-term labor on the rise globally. Complications arising from pre-term labor are a leading cause of mortality among children under the age of 5. Despite this, there has been limited research on the trend of pre-term labor in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the trend of pre-term labor and identify influencing factors on pre-term labor in Arak city, Iran, from 2005 to 2019. Methods: We analyzed a total of 89 307 live birth cases in Arak city from 2005 to 2019. The trend of pre-term labor over this study period was evaluated using statistical analysis software packages, specifically SPSS version 25. Linear trend analyses, as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, were performed for statistical analysis. Results: The mean percentage of pre-term labor incidence during the first, second, and third 5-year periods was 8.9%, 10.3%, and 12.1%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an increasing trend in pre-term labor incidence, even after adjusting for confounding factors (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The observed increasing trend in pre-term labor incidence indicates the necessity for a comprehensive preventive strategy. This strategy should focus on identifying high-risk pregnancies and implementing effective interventions. The increasing incidence of pre-term labor in Arak city highlights the necessity for preventive measures to reduce the burden of this condition.

Effect of Outdoor and Pasture Foraging Accessibility on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Noiler Birds

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of outdoor and pasture foraging accessibility on performance responses and carcass characteristics of Noiler birds. A total number of 320 Noiler birds were divided into 5 treatments and each treatment was replicated 4 times with 16 birds per replicate. At the end of the brooding phase (2 weeks), the birds were placed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (outdoor durations and pasture accessibility were considered as factors) in a completely randomised design (CRD). T1 serves as control (indoor), T2 4 hours outdoor accessibility, 8 hours outdoor, 4 hours outdoor plus pasture foraging and 8 hours outdoor plus pasture foraging for T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The data obtained in this study were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) where means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of the Statistical Analysis Software package (SAS). The birds in T2 had significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher final weight; similarly, higher (P&lt;0.05) weight gain were observed in birds reared in T2. The result revealed that there are no significant (P&gt;0.05) differences in both carcass and visceral weight proportion across all the treatments. However, considerable numerical variations exist. Higher dress weight was observed in T3 (70.333%) followed by T5, T2, T4 and T1 with 67.853, 67.372, 63.901 and 59.888% respectively. The result however, suggests non-significant (P&gt;0.05) differences in initial weight, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per kilogram diet. It is therefore concluded that outdoor and pasture foraging has a profound effect on the performance profile of Noiler birds. It is therefore recommended for enhanced body weight and weight gain birds should also be enriched with pasture foraging material and at least 4 hours outdoor accessibility.

Long-term results of profundoplasty in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities depending on the state of the distal bed

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of profundoplasty in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities, depending on the state of the distal bed.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 50 medical records and a survey of patients were carried out. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group (n=32) — patients with a satisfactory distal bed (without occlusion of the popliteal artery (PCA) and the presence of at least one tibial artery), the second group (n=18) — patients with occlusion of the PCA and / or tibial arteries. The results of the study were processed using applied statistics methods using MS Excel and the software package for statistical analysis “Statistica v. 8.0”. Differences were considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05.Results. The vast majority of patients who underwent profundoplasty were patients with critical lower extremities’ ischemia (F = 0.026; p&lt;0.05). Among patients with occlusion of the popliteal segment, the lower limb was saved during the first year in 44 % of cases. Among patients with a satisfactory distal bed during the year, the limb was saved in 84 % of cases.Conclusion. The state of the distal bed has a significant impact on the result of profundoplasty in the late postoperative period (p=0.008). Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the postoperative period have low compliance with ongoing conservative therapy and modification of risk factors (p&gt;0.05).

121 Evaluation of Effects of Garlic Extract on Health Parameters and Gut Health in St. Croix Sheep

Abstract St. Croix sheep are hair sheep whose production characteristics make them suitable for low-input, sustainable production systems. They are parasite resistant and can live in a wide variety of climates. Natural immune modulators, such as garlic, can enhance animal production, health, and well-being. Garlic (Allium Sativa) is recognized as an eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics and contributes to a reduction in methane emissions. It has antibiotic, anti-helminthic and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of garlic extracts on health variables and gut health indicators in St Croix sheep. Clinically, healthy adult, age-matched non-pregnant St Croix sheep (n = 12) from the NC A&amp;T University farm were divided into treatment group (n = 6) and control group (n = 6). The treatment group was drenched with 5 mL garlic [Garlic Barrier (Glendale, CA)] concentrate diluted 1:1 with sterile distilled water (10 mL total). The control group was drenched with 10ml sterile distilled water for four weeks. The body weight, body condition, and FAMACHA scores and fecal samples were collected weekly. Fecal egg count was evaluated using the modified McMaster technique. Fecal samples were analyzed for eggs per gram using the McMaster slide. Total microbial DNA was isolated from fecal samples using Fast stool DNA Isolation kit (Qiagen, CA). DNA concentrations and purity were analyzed using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus, bifidobacteria,16s RNA and Haemonchus are measured by using specific primers by running real time PCR. All variables were analyzed using the statistical analysis software package SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Garlic reduced fecal egg count significantly in weeks 1 (P &amp;lt; 0.034) and 3 (P &amp;lt; 0.003). There were no significant changes in fecal DNA Concentration. The relative of abundance of Lactobacillus is significantly increased whereas for Haemonchus decreased. Further studies are needed to define the pathways involved and consequences of changes in gut microbe community on immune function. These studies will aim in improved animal and human health and well-being and sustainable production.

Dimensional Optimization of Graphene-Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate Material Used as an Aesthetic Removable Partial Denture Clasp Material

Abstract Objective Although graphene-modified polymethyl methacrylate material is a good candidate for partial denture clasp material, it lacks adequate strength. Therefore, the study aims to assess the optimal dimension of this nanomodified material required for such an application. Materials &amp; Methods A parametric finite element analysis study was conducted on 54 clasp 3D models at two displacement levels (0.25–0.5 mm) placed 3 mm from the clasp tip. The clasp models were categorized based on the dimensions into A, B, and C (3 subgroups in each) and six tapers from the tip to the base (0.5–1). Both reaction force in (N) and maximum principal stress in (MPa) were recorded and analyzed. The study was validated using the mechanical tester after digital manufacturing of the clasp specimens that showed satisfactory results. Statistical Analysis The correlations between width and thickness against reaction force and maximum principal stress were checked by a statistical analysis software package (SPSS version 22; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Data of the reaction force demonstrated nonparametric behavior, as tested by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Accordingly, Spearman's rho test for correlation was used. In contrast, the maximum principal stress data showed normal distribution, as tested by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Thus, Pearson's test of correlation was applied. Results The results demonstrated the best retention force values, considering aesthetics, in subgroups C3 (taper 0.6), C3 (taper 0.8), and B3 (taper 1). The maximum principal stress results showed the highest values in group C followed by group B and then group A. Positive correlations were calculated between thickness and width versus reaction force and maximum principal stress. The correlation coefficient value between thickness and reaction force was 0.699 and that between width and reaction force was 0.621, while the correlation coefficient between thickness and maximum principal force was 0.899 and that between the width and maximum principal force was 0.740. Conclusion It could be concluded that the studied material might be recommended as a valid aesthetic clasp material. Both clasp thickness and width showed a positive correlation with the clasp retention force with more impact by the thickness.

Influence of hysterectomy due to leiomyoma on woman’s psychological status

The objective: to study the clinical-psychopathological features and psycho-emotional symptoms and borderline mental disorders in women of reproductive age after hysterectomy due to leiomyoma.Materials and methods. An assessment of the psychological state of 160 women after hysterectomy for leiomyoma was carried out. 90 patients of them (average age – 45.9±1.3 years old) had transvaginal hysterectomy, both classic and laparoscopically assisted one with opportunistic salpingectomy (I group) and 70 patients (average age – 47.2±1.6 years old) – abdominal hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy (II group). The control group included 50 women 45.7±1.3 years old with asymptomatic leiomyoma. Clinical psychopathological, anamnestic and experimental psychological methods were used. Pathopsychological methods included methods of visual presentation of the personality profile using the Minnesota Multifaceted Personality Questionnaire. The survey was conducted at the pre-operative period, during the adaptation period and during 12 months. Statistical processing of monitoring data was carried out according to the φ-criterion using the statistical analysis software package STATISTICA v. 10 and Microsoft Office Excel application. Results. The results of the questionnaire determined that 44 (48.89 %) patients of the I group and 33 (47.14 %) women of the II group had disorders related to anxiety, and 6 (6.67 %) and 5 (7 .14 %) of the patients of both groups, respectively, were diagnosed depression before surgical treatment. After hysterectomy the number of patients with an anxiety disorder increased to 52 (57.78 %) in the I group and 41 (52.57 %) – II group, with depression – to 10 (11.11 %) and 8 (11.43 %) women, respectively. However, the psychopathological analysis with psychologists in 12 months after hysterectomy determined affective symptoms in 11 (15.7±7.0 %), and latent depression with a somatopsychic correlation, manifested by a feeling palpitation, cardialgias, vegetative disorders was found in 8 (11.4±6.0 %) cases. The type of personality accentuation influenced the development of psychoemotional manifestations. In this structure, the largest rate consisted of psychoasthenic and hysterical character traits. The age of the patient was important when analyzing additional psychological factors. Women under 44 years old associated hysterectomy with loss of femininity with premature aging of the organism. The patients with successful implementation of their role in the family and society had better postoperative psychological adaptation.Conclusions. There is a trend toward an increased number of anxiety and depressive disorders after hysterectomy in women with leiomyoma. After 12 months, affective symptoms were present in 11 (15.7±7.0 %) cases and in 8 (11.4±6.0 %) cases – hidden depression. Postoperative rehabilitation should include a consultation with a psychologist to identify and treat borderline mental disorders, which will lead to the initiation of compensatory and adaptive reactions of the body and the normalization of the psycho-emotional status.

Algorithm of variance estimation in weighted least squares method

The representation of a time series model as a piecewise-stationary process is provided, wherein it is regarded as a collection of successive stationary intervals. An algorithm has been developed for identifying the domain containing the trend within this model. It is recognized that applying the least squares method directly for trend determination is not commonly employed in statistical analysis and econometric software packages. Typically, the weighted least squares method is utilized to ideally eliminate non-stationarity. The authors presents an algorithm for estimating the weight coefficients for this method through piecewise-stationary modeling. The algorithm has been tested on time series of various natures.

Preventive Health Behaviours among Adolescents and Their Parents during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Light of the Health Beliefs Model

This article analysed the relationship between the preventive health behaviours of parents and teenagers during the COVID-19 outbreak, taking the Health Beliefs Model (HBM) as a point of reference. We assumed that parents' behaviours may be a cue to action for adolescents, looking at their preventive health behaviours regarding vaccination against COVID-19, as well as vaccination intention (among unvaccinated people); wearing protective masks where it is compulsory and where it is not obligatory; and maintaining physical distance and disinfecting hands in public places. The collected data were statistically analysed using the Statistica version 13.3 software package for advanced statistical data analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation for non-parametric data (Spearman's correlation) were used. Research on a sample of 201 parents and their children revealed that young people engage in preventive behaviour less frequently than parents, but that the likelihood of such behaviour increases if they have a parent's cue to action. When formulating recommendations, we considered the gender of the surveyed parents, as the questionnaire was mainly completed by women, which may be an indicator of the unequal involvement in addressing the topic of the pandemic and preventive health behaviours, including attitudes towards vaccines.

Peculiarities of the connection and interdependence of the characteristics of the level of development of the professionally significant psychophysiological functions of the students' body in the case of the use of distance and classroom forms of educatio

Annotation. Determining the peculiarities of the processes of psychophysiological adaptation of student youth is impossible without establishing the relationship and interdependence of the characteristics of the level of development of psychophysiological functions of young women and young men in the use of various (classroom and remote) forms of learning. The research included assessment of the level of development of professionally significant psychophysiological functions of students and further processing of the obtained data using procedures of correlation, factor and cluster analysis based on the use of statistical analysis software package Statistica 6.1”. The obtained data show that the most clearly defined correlation under the conditions of organization of educational activities in remote (on-line) format for young women and young men is determined during the analysis of indicators of speed of simple and differentiated visual-motor reaction, mobility of nervous processes and dynamic efficiency, that is, those characteristics of the adaptive capacity of the organism, which note the state of visual-motor coordination, the implementation of urgent reactions in response to changes in the stereotype of normal learning activities and resistance to the phenomena of monotony. However, the most clearly defined correlation in the organization of educational activities in the classroom (off-line) format for young women and young men is determined during the analysis of indicators of the speed of simple audio-motor response, balance of nervous processes and dynamic performance, ie those characteristics of adaptive capabilities of the body, which note the state of audio-motor coordination, the level of balance of major nervous processes and resistance to monotony. The results should be used in the future in the scientific substantiation of effective health technologies.

PSI-7 Differential Effects of Garlic on the Secretion of Structurally Different Galectins in Sheep Blood

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of garlic treatment on structurally different Gals 1(Prototype), Gal 3 (chimera type), and Gal 9 (tandem-repeat type) secretion in sheep blood. St Croix sheep are parasite-resistant sheep useful for sustainable animal production. Producers seek to improve animal health and performance. Garlic (Allium sativum) and its derivatives are eco-friendly non-antibiotic growth-promoting dietary supplements. Garlic lectins have immune-modulatory effects that could interfere with animal lectins. Galectins (Gals) are a family of animal lectins that bind β-galactosides. Secreted Gals modulate pathological processes and immunity. A survey of (N=20) St Croix sheep was conducted to evaluate indicators of health and performance. Four clinically healthy female St Croix sheep (n=4) were used. Bodyweight (lb.), FAMACHA©, body condition score, blood, and fecal samples were collected. Blood was treated (37C for 30 min) with fresh Garlic (Herbal Roots CAs) at the following concentrations 0, 1, 10, 50,100 µg/ml PBS. Total plasma protein concentration was analyzed using BCA assay and secretion of Galectins 1,3 and 9 was determined using commercial ELISA(MY BIOSOURCE). All variables were analyzed using the statistical analysis software package SAS version 9.4(SAS Institute, Cary, NC) p≤0.05. Health indicators varied among sheep and no correlations were observed. The dose of garlic used and animal genetics had a variable effect. At 10ug/ml garlic increased concentration of total plasma protein (7%), Gal 1, 3(50% above control), and Gal-9 has no significant effect. concentration at 50 and 100 µg/ml garlic decreased all indicators. Galectin secretion was modulated by garlic treatment. There was a differential effect on the structurally distinct Gal types. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of Garlic on Gal mediated functions in St Croix sheep immunity and possible effects that can impact pathogenesis.

Features of the quality of life in patients with vitiligo

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is an acquired skin disease whose etiology is still unknown. It is observed in 0.51% of the world population. Medical and social significance is due to the impact on the psychological state of the patient and the quality of his life.&#x0D; AIMS: Analysis of the quality of life index in patients suffering from vitiligo.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of questionnaires filled out by 150 patients (95 women and 55 men) suffering from vitiligo were studied in the work. The average age of the subjects was 34.561.73 years. A survey was conducted among the subjects: patients were asked questions from a questionnaire specially developed by us. The work also used the Dermatological Life Quality Index (DIQI). The questionnaire was filled in by all patients independently at the initial examination. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel from the Microsoft Office software package and the Statistica software package for statistical analysis.&#x0D; RESULTS: The data obtained indicate that in all responses to the questions, the largest number of statements were classified as strongly/very strongly. This fact indicates a significant impact of this pathology on the quality of life of the subjects. The DLQI results also confirmed that the presence of vitiligo limits a persons quality of life to the maximum (in 41.3% of cases) and has a large negative impact (in 53.3% of cases).&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Performing further research on the study of quality of life in patients suffering from vitiligo is one of the promising areas for developing a personalized approach to managing this group of patients.

Predictive role of &lt;i&gt;MTHFR&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;FGB&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;F2&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;F5&lt;/i&gt; genes polymorphisms in the development of pulmonary embolism

Aim. Research the relationship of gene polymorphisms (MTHFR, FGB, F2, F5) with the development of pulmonary embolism (PE).&#x0D; Material and methods. The study involved 120 people (main group) who underwent PE. Mean age is 63.223.16 years (66 men, mean age 60.243.17 years; 54 women, mean age 66.193.67 years). The control group was composed of Research Institute of Internal and Preventive medicine (Novosibirsk) DNA bank (comparable to the main group by gender and age). This DNA bank was formed during a series of population-based screening. The material for the study includes whole blood, plasma and serum samples, DNA samples, as well as medical records of patients undergoing PE. DNA extraction from venous blood was performed by the phenol-chloroform method. FGA (Del/Ins) rs35496957 was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with flanking primers-8202 A/G, rs11697325 mmp9 using PCR with RFLP. Polymorphisms of genes MTHFR, FGB, F2, F5 were tested by real-time PCR on test systems produced by DNA-technology (Russia) on a DTPrime device (Russia). For structuring and statistical data processing Microsoft Excel and the Microsoft Office software package and the STATISTICA (USA) software package for statistical analysis were used. The study includes the calculation of the following output data and parameters based on the collected incoming statistical data: standard deviation, calculating the mean square value, Pearson's chi-square, likelihood ratios, Fisher's exact test and linear-by-linear association.&#x0D; Results. It was found that the odds ratio of developing PE in men carriers of the TT genotype of the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene at the age of 65 years and older was 4.43 times higher than in carriers of the other two genotypes (95% confidence interval 1.3314.73; p=0.019). There was a tendency of more frequent detection of the genotype GG polymorphism rs1800790 (-455 GA) of the FGB gene among men individuals of the main group compared with the control group (63.6 and 54.0%, respectively). There was also a decrease in the number of respondents with the AA genotype of the rs1800790 polymorphism (-455 GA) of the FGB gene in the group of both genders. There was a tendency of more frequent PE cases among women individuals with genotype GG and GA of the rs1799963 polymorphism of the F2 gene in the main group (85.20 and 14.80%, respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion. Further research of genetic factors role in the occurrence of PE is extremely important for clinical practice taking into consideration the possibility of developing a personalized approach to treatment and prevention of the diseases related to disorders in the hemostatic system.