Software Package ANSYS Research Articles

Vibroacoustic modeling of a compressor piping system

The paper presents a finite element model of the compressor piping, developed in the Ansys software package using the APDL language. The finite element model was developed taking into account the real conditions of fastening pipeline sections in the form of installed supports. The calculation of the pipeline system began with the calculation of flow pulsations generated by the compressor, which were converted into pressure pulsations. The calculation results in the form of pipe vibration amplitude were obtained for each piping pipeline. The results obtained were compared with the vibration parameters recommended by GOST 32569-2013.

Methodology for determining true temperature stresses during the construction of massive monolithic reinforced concrete structures

The purpose of the article is to develop and test a simplified method for calculating temperature stresses during the construction of massive monolithic reinforced concrete structures. The essence of the method is to calculate the stress-strain state in standard FEM complexes (ANSYS, Abaqus , etc.) with constant physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete over time, followed by recalculation to true stresses, taking into account the dependence of the elastic modulus of concrete over time. The methodology is based on the hypothesis of equality of temperature deformations for structures with a constant and time-varying modulus of elasticity of concrete. The developed methodology was tested on experimental data for a massive monolithic foundation slab. The calculation at a constant modulus of elasticity of concrete was carried out in the ANSYS software package. Conversion to true stresses was implemented by the authors in the MATLAB environment. A good agreement between the calculated stress values and the experimental values was obtained.

Numerical Simulation of Improving the Efficienty of Photovoltaic Thermal Panels

Abstract The need to optimize the operation of photovoltaic modules inevitably arises with the development of green energy production technology. In order to achieve a good technological yield, durability and efficiency in production, continuous studies and innovations are required. This study focuses on simulating the operation of water-cooled and uncooled PV modules in order to understand the temperature-dependent PV operation. This cooling module consists, in the first phase, of a copper coil through which water circulates, and in the second phase, of a coolant distributor/collector system. The module is attached to the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel, respectively to the teller foil layer. For this simulation we used the Ansys software package (Discovery, Fluent and Space Claim).

Оценка возможности использования пакета COMSOL для моделирования теплогидравлических процессов в реакторах ВВЭР

Thermophysical modeling software packages are widely used for modeling various thermohydraulic processes including modeling nuclear reactor fuel element. Verification of such calculations is possible only if we compare the results obtained in different packages (cross-verification) due to the extreme complexity or impossibility to carry out analytical calculations or experiments. It seems relevant to carry out cross-verification of calculations of WWER reactor fuel elements in COMSOL Multiphysics software package using another popular ANSYS software package. Models of fuel elements for the analysis of thermohydraulic processes are developed using thermophysical modeling packages ANSYS Fluent and COMSOL Multiphysics for cross-verification of calculation results in the latter. Modeling of temperature fields is carried out based on the heat conduction equation with an internal heat source. The authors have considered several formulations of problems: with fuel element cladding and without it and the central hole in the fuel. Models of fuel elements of the WWER-1000 reactor have been designed for three formulations of problems with different designs in ANSYS Fluent and COMSOL Multiphysics software packages. Temperature fields have been determined using the finite element method. The results of the calculations of the fuel core maximum temperature are presented and compared for two software packages. The maximum relative deviation of the temperatures obtained is 0,97 %. A comparison of the temperature calculations results obtained using models developed in two packages shows that the relative deviation of the values corresponds to the error of the measuring instruments. It confirms that COMSOL Multiphysics can be successfully used to simulate processes in WWER reactors along with ANSYS Fluent.

Метод чисельного визначення динамічних характеристик лопаті повітряного гвинта з композиційного матеріалу

The subject matter of this article is the dynamic characteristics of a composite propeller blade. Determination of the modes and frequencies of natural vibrations is necessary to predict the dangerous resonance modes of aircraft engines and to identify the most stressed local zones of the blade surface. The goal of this study is to develop a verified method for determining the dynamic characteristics of composite rotor parts of aircraft engines based on the known properties of the structural components of the composite material. A general mathematical statement of the problem of elasticity theory for the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of composite structures is described. A complete system of equations that describes the mechanical state of the body within the framework of the continuum mechanics approach was developed. Geometric modeling of the propeller blades was performed. Modeling and numerical investigation of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the propeller blade were performed using the finite element method using the ANSYS software package. Based on the results of numerical research of the stressed and deformed state of the propeller blade, the first five natural vibration frequencies and the distribution of the local stress field were determined. The most stressed local zones on the blade surface were determined for each form of natural vibration. The propeller blade model was verified using an experimental study of the first five forms and frequencies of natural blade vibrations. The eigenfrequencies of the blade vibration were experimentally determined using the method of free (natural) vibrations. The resonance method was used to experimentally determine the resonant frequencies and vibration modes of the blade. The distribution of the blade deformation field was investigated using the strain gauge method. The highest error in the verification of numerical and experimental research is 4.11% for the fourth vibration frequency. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is that the effective elastic properties of the composite material for calculations should be determined using the procedure of numerical homogenisation of composite materials of different reinforcement structures by the properties of the matrix and fibers. The method does not require experimental determination of the effective elastic constants for the layers of blade components of different weave architecture patterns.

Analysis of the stress-strain state of a three-dimensional model a shoulder hemiarthroplasty after changing the greater tubercle position on the shoulder

Background. The greater tubercle position change in shoulder hemiarthroplasty is of great importance for the shoulder joint contact surfaces’ stress-strain state (SТS). One of the important conditions for restoring a full range of motion in the shoulder joint after hemiarthroplasty and a longer service life of the endoprosthesis is the anatomical location of the greater tubercle. The purpose was to develop a three-dimensional model and study the STS of elements of the shoulder joint and implants of a hemiarthroplasty after changing the greater tubercle position on the shoulder. Materials and methods. The SolidWorks software package was used in order to construct a simulated 3D model of the shoulder joint, taking anatomical and anthropometric data into conside­ration to make the model as close to the real shoulder joint as possible. The ANSYS software package was used to calculate the shoulder joint models of the total load vector at different positions of the total load vector, depending on the greater tubercle of the humerus position. Results. The analysis of the shoulder joint mo­del elements’ STS with different greater tuberosity positioning and a shoulder abduction angle of 60° showed that the maximum increase in stress values is observed on the glenoid cavity subchondral bone when the greater tubercle of the humerus is transposed by 1 cm anterior — in 3.4 times, σmax up to 4.02 MPa. Moving the big tubercle by 1 cm distally is an optimal position in which the subchondral bone of the glenoid cavity undergoes minimum stress and deformation forces. Conclusions. The change in pressure on the contact surfaces is significant when changing the position of the greater tuberosity, which will undoubtedly affect the volume and range of motion in the postoperative period. Taking into account the data of the stress values on the contact surfaces obtained from our simula­ted 3D computer model of the shoulder joint allows improving the quality of preoperative planning and improving shoulder function and possible complications in the postoperative period.

Design, Analysis, and Optimization of Off-Highway Rear Dump Truck Chassis Frame Rail Profile Using Design Exploration and Finite Element Analysis Technique

<div>During mining material hauling, the chassis frame structure of rear dump trucks is subjected to fatigue loading due to uneven road conditions. This loading often leads to crack propagation in the frame rails, necessitating the determination of stresses in the critical zone during the design stage to ensure structural integrity. In this study, a computer-aided engineering (CAE) methodology is employed to size and select the rectangular profile cross section of the chassis frame rail. A detailed design investigation of the chassis frame is conducted to assess its load resistance, structural flexibility, and weld joint fatigue life under critical stresses arising from combined bending and torsion loads. The optimization process aims to determine the optimal rail size and material thickness, striking a balance between minimizing mass and maximizing structural reliability. By achieving this, the risk of major structural failures during the transportation of large payloads can be significantly reduced. To address the demand for extended structural life and reduced chassis frame weight, the frame rail cross section is optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) implemented within the ANSYS software package. This optimization process is facilitated by utilizing design exploration studies and finite element analysis (FEA) techniques to understand how stress affects the chassis frame of a vehicle when it is subjected to combined bending and torsion load case. To do this, the research study used a combination of analytical calculations, mathematical modeling, and design exploration studies.</div> <div>The research findings highlight the effectiveness of combining empirical approaches with modern CAE tools, enabling engineers to design and analyze complex structures with optimized sizes and weights suitable for off-highway mining applications.</div> <div>Through the utilization of this integrated approach, significant advancements can be made in enhancing the structural performance and efficiency of chassis frame structures in the demanding off-highway mining industry.</div>

Study of heat and mass transfer in a channel with fins based on a triply periodic minimal surface

Presents a methodology for studying heat and mass transfer in the channels of heat exchange devices, where fins made in the form of a Schwarz Primitive triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) are used to intensify heat transfer. The solution of the heat and mass transfer problem is carried out using the finite element method in the Fluent module of the ANSYS software package. The work examines the influence of the initial flow velocity, as well as the thickness of the TPMS fins on the pressure loss and temperature characteristics of the flow. The study showed that TPMS fins enhance heat transfer and create turbulent flows in close to the TPMS frame. The pressure loss in the channel increases according to a power law with increasing initial flow velocity. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the potential of using TPMS in heat exchange devices and open many prospects for further research.

Numerical Analysis of Laminar Natural Convection Inside Enclosed Squared and Trapezoidal Cavities at Different Inclination Angles

The effects of cavity shape by inclination angle on laminar natural convection inside trapezoidal and square-shaped cavities have been numerically investigated in this work. Several simulations had been conducted for various inclinations of the trapezoidal cavity at Rayleigh numbers (Ra) =105 to 106 in a laminar flow regime. The walls at the left and right sides of the cavities were heated isothermally, while the walls at the top and bottom sides were adiabatic. The problem was assumed to be 2-D and solved using the software package ANSYS Fluent 16.2. Cavity filled with air is examined in two distinct instances; varying boundary layers and the flow generated for the natural convection. This numerical study analyzed the flow characteristics, temperature distribution, and Nusselt number. The analysis reveals that as the Rayleigh number increases, the Nusselt number also increases, with a more pronounced effect at higher Rayleigh numbers. It has been observed that there is a substantial effect of cavity shapes on the Nusselt number. The presence of an angled wall inhibits convection resulting in stronger flow in the squared cavity compared to the trapezoidal cavity. From numerical results, it is also found that the temperature distribution at Ra = 105 is wider than the temperature distribution at Ra= 106.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛООБМЕНА В АППАРАТАХ С ПЕРЕМЕШИВАЮЩИМ УСТРОЙСТВОМ

This study was carried out with the aim of in-depth analysis of heat transfer processes in chemical and heat apparatuses that use mixing devices. The mixing process plays a key role in various industries, including chemical production, food processing and many others. Mixing is important for uniform distribution of components in reactors, tanks and apparatus, which in turn affects product quality and process efficiency. Heat exchange is a vital element in numerous technological processes and holds a significant role in enhancing efficiency and conserving energy across various industries. This study began with a thorough review of the literature. Further experiments were carried out, including work with different types of apparatuses and stirring devices, with different stirring intensity. Digital prototypes were chosen as the method of research and the ANSYS software package was used. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of heat transfer in such apparatuses, as well as to identify the factors affecting the intensity of heat transfer. This study addresses following problems: heating water in an apparatus with a stirrer, determining the critical temperature and time to reach steady-state in different mixtures. The study of heat transfer in apparatus with a mixing device is a critical element for optimizing production processes and increasing energy efficiency. According to calculations, faster achievement of the steady-state regime is observed, which indicates more efficient heating of the liquid when using a turbine stirrer. Mathematical calculations confirm that when stirring a mixture of water and glycerin, compared to stirring pure water, a slower and less efficient heating process occurs, due to the higher viscosity of glycerin. This study serves as an important contribution to the field of heat transfer and provides valuable guidelines for further developments and applications.

Экспериментальная оценка адекватности численного моделирования межслоевой трещиностойкости слоистого стеклоэпоксикомпозита при комбинированной моде нагружения I/II

The reliability of numerical simulation of crack growth in a laminate glass-epoxy composite under mixed-mode loading by opening (mode I) and shear (mode II) of an interlayer crack is verified. According to the experimentally determined standard (DCB and ENF) and nonstandard (SLB and OLB) methods, the values of the parameters of interlayer crack resistance under individual and mixed-mode loading modes I and II calculated the exponent in the Benzeggagh-Kenane equation as a material constant of the laminate epoxy glass composite. Using this parameter and the ANSYS software package, within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics and the method of virtual crack closure, numerical finite element modeling of the growth of interlayer cracks in samples of a laminate glass-epoxy composite of the SLB and OLB types was carried out under a mixed-mode loading with a different fraction of modes. With the optimal number of elements in the finite element mesh per given length of the crack growth trajectory, numerical simulation provides sufficient accuracy of calculations of the limit load of the beginning of crack growth with a minimum amount of calculations and good agreement between the experimentally determined and calculated crack resistance parameters.

Egy egyszerűsített fékmodell termikus elemzése

Braking system is one of the important safety components of a railway vehicle. Brake components slow the train by using friction between the train wheels and the brake block. The efficiency of the braking system is strongly dependent on the quality of the material of the components, especially the brake blocks. In the present paper, we have carried out optical microscope investigations of a brake block. On the other hand, numerical simulation was used to analyse the frictional heat distribution in the brake block using the Ansys software package. In the initial phase of the research, it was found that the software is suitable for calculating the frictional heat and for modelling heat transfer and heat conduction.

Possible mechanism of hydride formation at interface

The theoretical aspects of the possible mechanism of hydride formation at the "metal-carbide inclusion" phase interface are considered. Hydrides create additional phase boundaries and constitute stress concentrators, which can lead to hydrogen embrittlement and delayed hydride cracking. This is important for high-alloy steels, for example, for bearing steels, operating under conditions of high-cycle surface loading and relatively elevated temperatures. A plane-stress model of surface loading has been developed in the ANSYS software package. Due to the calculations of the plane stresses state, it becomes possible to evaluate the probable places of hydrogen accumulation at the interface of the microstructural components phases of the material in the directions of plastic deformation development from the interface for possible hydride formation.

EFFECIENCY OF SIMULATING DECAY HEATIN THE CORIUM OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR BY THE OHMIC HEATING METHOD

Most commonly, in consequence of a severe accident at a nuclear power plant(NPP) followedby a meltdown of the reactor core, corium is formed. Decay heat is one of the features of it andhighly affectsthe thermal field of the entire corium. Thus, takinginto account the decay heat is a central tophysical modelingof severe accidents. For this reason, methods for simulating decay heatmust meet at least two requirements of physical modeling: intensity and uniformity of heating throughout the entire volume of the melt.This paper provides studies on the efficiencyof using ohmic heating as a method for simulating decay heatin a corium prototype during experiments at the LAVA-B test-bench. Melt heating data using an ohmic heater was obtained by computer modeling based on a software packageANSYS. To assess the efficiencyof using ohmic heating, the obtained calculation parameters were compared with the parameters of other existing methods for simulating decay heatin the melt under similar conditions, such as induction heating and plasmatron heating.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ЭЛЕКТРОГЕНЕРАТОРОВ МАЛОЙ МОЩНОСТИ ДЛЯ ВЕТРОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ УСТАНОВОК

Relevance Wind power, as one of the leading sources of renewable energy, requires the development of efficient and reliable electric generators to increase the productivity of wind power plants. Modern environmental and economic requirements stimulate the transition to generators with permanent magnets, which are characterized by high efficiency and lower operating costs. However, the issues of optimization of design parameters, such as the number of poles, rotation speed and geometry of the magnetic system, remain key in the design of highly efficient generators for wind power plants. Aim of research The main aim of the work is the development and study of 2 kW electric generators for wind power plants with an emphasis on the optimization of their design parameters. The task is to increase the efficiency of generators, reduce torque ripples, vibrations and improve the thermal state of the machines. Objects of study The objects of study are synchronous generators with permanent magnets with a capacity of 2 kW, intended for use in wind power plants. Various options for generator designs with a change in the number of poles, slot bevel, change in the type of magnetic system and rotation speed are considered. Research methods The study involved computer simulation methods using the Ansys software package for electromagnetic and thermal analysis. Calculations were made of losses, efficiency, and thermal state of the active elements of the generators at different rotor speeds. Results The study considered several variants of 2 kW electric generators at 300 and 600 rpm with different design features, such as the number of poles, magnet shape, stator slot bevel, and other parameters. The main results include: – optimization of the number of poles: increasing the number of poles from 12 to 18 made it possible to significantly reduce torque ripples on the shaft, which improves the stability of the generator and reduces its vibrations. This also led to a decrease in the required thickness of the magnetic circuit, which made it possible to reduce the active mass of the generator without deteriorating its performance; – magnetic systems of generators: variants with semicircular radially magnetized magnets and diametrically magnetized magnets showed similar results in terms of generator efficiency, but such designs are more complex to manufacture. When modeling at a rotation speed of 600 rpm, a significant decrease in the generator mass was observed while maintaining or even improving its performance characteristics. The generator mass was reduced more than twofold, which reduces the loads on the structural elements of the wind turbine. An improvement in the thermal state of the machine was also revealed due to a decrease in the active length and more efficient cooling of the open rotor structure.

Effect of flow patterns and velocity field on oil-water two-phase flow rate in horizontal wells

In a wellbore, any change in flow rate will result in a change in flow pattern and velocity. The flow pattern and velocity are the key parameters that determine the pressure gradient and liquid holdup. To study the effect of the flow pattern and velocity field on the flow rate of oil-water flow in horizontal wells, we apply the commercial software package ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2 to predict the flow patterns, water holdups, pressure gradients, flow rates, and velocity fields of horizontal wells. Trallero’s flow pattern chart and existing experimental data are used to verify the reliability of the model. We develop a simplified mathematical model of water holdup and compare it with existing models. This mathematical model may be limited to the range of fluid properties in the simulated method. The water holdup of the numerical simulation has a definite correlation with the experimental data. By comparing the numerical simulation results of the Nicolas model, the relationship between the slip velocity and water holdup is verified, and the reliability of the simulation results is verified. The simulation results demonstrate that the change in flow pattern is highly sensitive to the change in flow rate. When the flow pattern is stratified flow, the relative error of the simulated flow is small. When the flow pattern is dispersed flow, the relative error of the simulated flow is slightly larger. The oil is mainly concentrated in the high-velocity core area. At a higher total mixing velocity, the flow pattern is that of dispersed flow, with one phase uniformly mixed in the other phase. The simulation results have good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental results.

The Geometric Configuration of Lubricant Recesses of the Polymer Sliding Layer of the Bearing

Polymers have gained a foothold in the international market and are actively utilized at a large scale in various industries. They are used as sliding layers in various types of friction units. However, there is a lack of research on their deformation behavior under different design conditions. This work is focused on studying the influence of the geometrical design of lubrication recesses in a polymer sliding layer operating under conditions of frictional contact interaction. The article investigated an element of bridge-bearing steel plate with recesses for lubrication. Two geometrical configurations of recesses are studied: the annular groove and spherical well in the engineering software package ANSYS Mechanical APDL. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is considered an elastic-plastic sliding layer. A comparative analysis of two models with different geometrical configurations of cutouts for lubrication, with/without taking into account its volume in the recess, has been conducted. The article establishes that in the absence of lubrication in the recesses, large deformations of the polymer sliding layer occur. This effect negatively affects the structure as a whole. Changing the geometry of the recess for lubrication has the greatest effect on the intensity of plastic deformations. Its maximum level is lowered by almost ~60% when spherical notches are used for lubrication instead of grooves. The friction coefficient of the polymer has a great influence on the contact tangential stress. At the experimental coefficient of friction, it is lowered on average by ~85%. The friction coefficient of the lubricant has almost no effect on the deformation of the cell (<1%).

MODELING OF 3D-PRINTING PROCESSES FOR COMPOSITE TOOLING AND TRANSFER MOLDING OF GRID STRUCTURES

The paper discusses the method of obtaining a digital passport of the material and the development of a digital twin of the product at various stages of its manufacture. The object of research is a conical mesh structure. The subject of research is the processes occurring in the product at the manufacturing stages. The following main stages of creating a mesh structure were considered in the work: 3D printing of a workpiece tooling, laying out a carbon unidirectional material, heating and impregnation of the preform with a binder, polymerization of the binder, and warpage of the product geometry. An algorithm for determining the properties of materials and their calibration using modern software and hardware and universal equipment was described. Modeling of the tooling 3D printing process was carried out in the Ansys software package. Step-by-step technological modeling of the transfer molding process was carried out using the ESI PAM-COMPOSITE software package. The result of the simulation is the optimal technological manufacturing parameters and the geometry of the shaping tooling with anticipation of warping.

Design and research of the ground robotic system structure for weapons remote control

During hostilities, ground robotic systems play an important role in minimizing losses of servicemen and suspending the combat capabilities of troops. For firing, robotic complexes are equipped with gun turrets. Researchers are conducting research to improve the performance, reliability and firing accuracy of such turrets. This work describes the design and research of an experimental sample of a ground robotic system, which is equipped with a turret for controlling the position of a machine gun. The description and results of experimental studies of dynamic loads during robot movement at different speeds and road conditions are presented. It was established that the values of the maximum accelerations that must be worked out by the stabilization system during operation for the experimental design of the robot do not exceed 20 rad/s2. The possibility of using counterweights was considered to reduce the torque of the turret guidance drive while reducing the dimensions of the robotic system structure. The description of the experimental module equipped with a control and measurement system and the results of experimental studies on determining the power of the turret drives during the manipulation of the structure are presented. A procedure of dynamic analysis and the results of modeling the movement of the gun turret in the ANSYS software package are presented. The proposed method for designing the structure ensures the determination of the impact on the structure of the complex shape of loads caused by its manipulation, to compensate for the exciting loads when the robotic system is moved over the terrain. With the help of this method, it is possible to determine and minimize the power, and therefore the energy consumption, of azimuth and lifting electric drives at the design stage

Deformation features of trunk pipelines with composite linings under static loads

This paper considers the deformation process of a typical section of a steel trunk pipeline with a defective zone, strengthened with a carbon fiber composite lining, under the influence of stationary internal pressure. Defects in the form of thinning of the pipe thickness and cracks were investigated. The stressed-strained state of the structure at critical pressure was analyzed. The thickness of the composite lining was determined, at which the bandage compensates for the effect of internal pressure on the damaged section of the pipeline. Research was carried out numerically based on finite element modeling in the ANSYS software package. When studying the stressed-strained state of a pipe with a defect of an arbitrary complex shape under the influence of critical pressure, a compensating value was obtained. The result showed that a carbon fiber lining with a thickness of 17 % of the rated thickness of the pipe could completely compensate for the effects of internal pressure in the defect area. In this case, the stresses in the carbon fiber lining were close to minimal. When studying the stressed-strained state of a pipe with a large crack of arbitrary shape at critical pressure, a compensating value was also obtained. It has been established that to compensate for the concentration of internal pressure in the crack zone, the thickness of the composite lining should be at the level of 34 % of the rated thickness of the pipe. In this case, the deformation of the steel pipe in the area of the crack occurs in the elastic region. The exception is the crack tips, where plastic deformations are observed, and stresses arise up to 93 % of the ultimate strength of the pipe steel. At the same time, the stresses in the carbon fiber lining remain close to minimal. Thus, it is recommended to use carbon fiber linings with a thickness of 17 % or more of the rated pipe thickness to bandage damage constituting up to 75 % of the thickness of a steel pipe. To bandage cracks, it is recommended to use carbon fiber linings with a thickness of at least 34 % of the rated pipe thickness