Robot Software Research Articles

Bilingual course of industry robot basing digital twin technology

Bilingual teaching background is an innovative method for teaching a course on robotics. This could include a combination of both the technical and language-learning aspects of the subject matter. Through a bilingual approach, students can gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of robotics, including its history and development, to its applications and implications. The course could also include the use of digital twin of robot software in classrooms, with a focus on critical thinking and problem-solving. Finally, the course would also cover the language-learning aspects of robotics, such as how to communicate with robots, how to program them, and how to use them to create a more interactive learning environment. In this bilingual project, students can acquire basic robot programming skills, robot vision, and robot integration.

Robotic Process Automation Bot to Compare and Analyze a Product from Different E- commerce Websites

Abstract: Earlier it was easier to differentiate humans from machines and machines from humans but in today’s world of digitalization it’s no longer a reality. The emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Automation are making human lives easier. Robotic process automation (RPA) allows people to make a software robot that can do things from any system without human intervention. The RPA technology concept is discussed in this paper in the E-commerce field where it allows users to search for a product from two distinctable websites and makes the users to select the best product in terms of quality

Security Ontology OntoSecRPA for Robotic Process Automation Domain

Robotic process automation (RPA)* based on the use of software robots has proven to be one of the most demanded technologies to emerge in recent years used for automating daily IT routines in many sectors, such as banking and finance. As with any new technology, RPA has a number of potential cyber security weaknesses, caused either by fundamental logical mistakes in the approach or by cyber-human mistakes made during the implementation, configuration, and operation phases. It is important to have an extensive understanding of the related risks before RPA integration into enterprise IT infrastructure. The main asset operated by RPA is confidential enterprise data. Data leakage and theft are the two main threats. The wide application of RPA technology in information security-sensitive sectors makes the protection of RPA against cyber-attacks an important task. Still, this topic is not yet adequately investigated in the scientific press and existing articles mainly concentrate on stating the RPA security importance and describing some threats. In this article, we present a flexible tool, security-oriented ontology OntoSecRPA*, which systematically describes RPA-specific assets, risks, security, threats, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures. To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no ontologies available that are specific to the RPA domain, and existing security ontologies lack RPA-related features. In the future, the proposed ontology can be updated and used in different ways, for example, as a checklist for risk management tasks in RPA solutions and a source of information for an expert system or a concentrated domain-specific source of information, which indicates its wide practical application. The proposed ontology was formally verified by applying ontology completeness assessment and used for risk assessment in a sample scenario.

Development of control software for self-organizing intelligent mobile robots

Maintaining a specific geometric formation during the movement is crucial for multiagent systems of mobile robots in various applications. Proper coordination can lead to reduced system costs, increased reliability and efficiency, and system adaptability and flexibility. This research proposes a novel movement coordination method for self-governing multiagent systems of intelligent mobile robots. The proposed method uses a leader-follower technique with a virtual leader to maintain a specific geometric structure. Additionally, the epsilon greedy algorithm is utilized to avoid loops. To reduce power consumption, it is proposed to turn on only a few robots' lidars at a time. They could drive all the robots in the group, allowing them to reach the goal without colliding with obstacles. Experiments on a complex map with nine robots were conducted to test the method's effectiveness. The success rate of the swarm reaching the target position and the number of steps needed were evaluated. Testing varied angular velocities of 1 to 20 degrees and linear velocities of 0.1 to 5.5 m/s. Results show the method effectively guides the robots without collisions. This method enables a group of self-governing multiagent systems of intelligent mobile robots to maintain a desired formation while avoiding obstacles and reducing power consumption. The results of the experimental study demonstrate the method's potential to be implemented in real-world missions and traffic management systems to increase efficiency and reduce costs. The proposed method can be utilized in military missions and traffic management systems, where maintaining a specific geometric formation is crucial. The method's ability to avoid obstacles and reduce power consumption can also lead to reduced costs and increased efficiency.

Integrating SQA into the Robotic Software Development Lifecycle

Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is integrated into the robotic software development lifecycle to improve robotic system dependability, safety, and performance in this research. The main goals are finding gaps in existing SQA procedures, presenting a specialized SQA integration architecture, and solving robotics difficulties, including hardware-software Integration, real-time processing, and machine learning validation; the research evaluates current SQA methodologies and proposes changes using secondary data from the literature, industry reports, and technical publications. Due to their intricate interconnections, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, real-time performance assessments, and automated Testing are crucial to the robotic system SQA. The report also notes resource requirements for extensive testing and simulation fidelity. Policy implications include standardizing testing techniques, investing in new simulation technology, and establishing safety and compliance regulations. The suggested paradigm addresses these difficulties to help design more dependable and competent robotic systems, improving robotics and its applications.

IUS Constituendum of Expert Advisor in Commodity Futures Trading: A Legal Certainty

This study aims to construct forward arrangements regarding Expert Advisors in commodity futures trading. The legal issue being studied is the legal vacuum of regulating trading robot software or commonly known as an Expert Advisor in commodity futures trading. The novelty of this research is legal discovery through legal construction of the development of Expert Advisors in commodity futures trading. This research is juridical-normative legal research by prioritizing statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study confirm that the urgency of setting up an Expert Advisor as a futures adviser in commodity futures trading is needed in order to provide legal certainty for commodity futures transaction actors. Legal certainty related to the arrangement of Expert Advisors as futures advisers in commodity futures trading is also needed for CoFTRA as a supporting element of the ministry of trade as well as being a supervisor and enforcer of various legal provisions in the practice of commodity futures trading so that the supervision and enforcement process can be more optimal and can guarantee legal certainty, benefits, and fairness for commodity futures trading actors. Ius constituendum Expert Advisor as a futures adviser in commodity futures trading to ensure legal certainty can be carried out by revising the Law on commodity futures trading, including conducting a judicial review at the Constitutional Court regarding the provisions in the Law on commodity futures trading.

Java in Robotics: Bridging Software Development and Hardware Control

This research examines how Java bridges robotics software development with hardware control. The main goals are to assess Java's performance in robotic system integration, identify its drawbacks, and suggest ways to improve it. JRobotics, LeJOS, and ROSJava, are reviewed using secondary data to determine their effects on hardware interface, real-time performance, and data processing. According to major studies, Java's platform freedom and modularity enable software and hardware integration. Real-time performance, hardware interface, and memory management remain issues. The Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) and specialized libraries provide partial solutions but need additional development. Policy implications include investing in Java library improvements and improving Java developer-robotics researcher cooperation. Research and optimization will improve Java's position in robotics, making robots more efficient and versatile.

Лабораторные исследования упругих материалов подшпального основания трамвайных путей

Purpose: Study of elastic properties of subballast mats at dynamic impact. Methods: To calculate the optimal parameters of these inserts, mathematical model was created using the Autodesk Robot software package. To estimate durable behavior of subballast mats in track structure, the research of “Elapor” and Sylomer (Getzner, Austria) mats’ elastic-dynamic properties was pursued, Material samples were selected from experimental section a year past after laying with the purpose to define exploitational conditions effect on investigated geosynthetic materials. Vibration parameter measurements were held with the help of acetometer kit and registering device MIC-026. Results: Vibration extinguishing mat “Elapor” shrinks practically right away and further its elasticity dynamic module changes slightly (that’s characteristic for synthetic rubbers) and Sylomer mat behaves more “flexible”. Practical significance: Pursued research allows to assess application efficiency for elastic materials of slipper base as a mean of struggle with negative phenomenon (noise, vibration), appearing at tram carriage motion.

A memory system of a robot cognitive architecture and its implementation in ArmarX

Cognitive agents such as humans and robots perceive their environment through an abundance of sensors producing streams of data that need to be processed to generate intelligent behavior. A key question of cognition-enabled and AI-driven robotics is how to organize and manage such data and knowledge efficiently in a cognitive robot control architecture. We argue, that memory is a central active component of such architectures that mediates between semantic and sensorimotor representations, orchestrates the flow of data streams and events between different processes and provides the components of a cognitive architecture with data-driven services for learning semantics from sensorimotor data, the parametrization of symbolic plans for execution and prediction of action effects.Based on related work, and the experience gained in developing our ARMAR humanoid robot systems, we identified conceptual and technical requirements of a memory system as central component of cognitive robot control architecture that facilitate the realization of high-level cognitive abilities such as explaining, reasoning, prospection, simulation and augmentation. Conceptually, a memory should be active, support multi-modal data representations, associate knowledge, be introspective, and have an inherently episodic structure. Technically, the memory should support a distributed design, be access-efficient and capable of long-term data storage. We introduce the memory system for our cognitive robot control architecture and its implementation in the robot software framework ArmarX. We evaluate the efficiency of the memory system with respect to transfer speeds, compression, reproduction and prediction capabilities.

IOT-Based Sumo Robot Control Using Blynk Software

The sumo robot robot has been around since 1990, it was first intrudeced in Japan. Robot suno is also contested by rule that have the same weight. The sumo robot can be controlled remotely by utilizing bluethoot as a communication medium for maneuvering cpmmands on the robot. But using bluethooth has the disadvantage of short range. In this study utilizing iot to communicate between Android smartphones and robot. From the results of testing the connection on the nodemcu esp 8266 microcontroller has a speed of 4.6 seconds. Stepdown circuit test with 5 Vdc result, lippo 3 cell battery 12.54 Vdc test result. Bts7960 driver test result can rotate clockwise and conterclockwise. Manuver test result with the iot system with four commands made Blynk software robot can manuver on command, forward, backward, turn left and right.

Toward the Trustworthiness of Industrial Robotics Using Differential Fuzz Testing

Intelligent robots are a current application in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), with their trustworthiness being a topic of considerable research interest. Vulnerabilities in robot software may affect the trustworthiness of robotics. To detect these vulnerabilities in robot software, this study proposes a differential fuzz testing method. The main idea is to continuously execute test cases for different versions of software packages to detect inconsistencies among outputs and eventually discover vulnerabilities. First, test cases are generated, combining seed generation and mutation, after which the measured model of the packages in the robot visualization tool (RVIZ) is built and the generated seeds are executed. The differences among inconsistent outputs are calculated and the causes of the differences analyzed. Two evaluation metrics for the inconsistencies and seeds are presented. This method is applied to the crucial package in ROS-MoveIt!. The results show that the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">arm.go()</i> of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">moveit_commander</i> has joint angle overflow.

Simulation of suspended cable-driven parallel robot on SimulationX

Currently, research is being carried out on a new type of parallel robots, such as cable-driven parallel robot. The cable-driven parallel robot are parallel robots with flexible (cables), with a large workspace, with high speeds and accelerations of the end effector. In the cable-driven parallel robot, cables can only work in tension, and cable-driven parallel robot lose their performance when they are compressed. This feature severely limits the development and application of cable-driven parallel robots and requires further development of cable-driven parallel robot modeling on various software systems. Currently, Adams multibody dynamics software is widely used to create and test virtual prototypes of mechanical systems. But for cable-driven parallel robot modeling, the Adams program is quite complex and expensive to use. In this article, the simulation of the cable-driven parallel robot is carried out on the SimulationX software. Unlike other software packages, SimulationX is more accessible and cheaper and is well suited for cable-driven parallel robot simulation. Cable-driven parallel robot modeling on SimulationX allows you to identify the main design flaws even before its prototype is made. A model on the SimulationX software of a suspended cable-driven parallel robot with a point mass end effector, taking into account the elastic-dissipative properties of cables, was developed. The prototype of suspended cable-driven parallel robot with a point mass end effector was manufactured. Experimental researches of the prototype of the suspended cable-driven parallel robot with a point mass end effector confirmed the correctness of the application of the model on SimulationX for practical calculations.

When Harry, the human, met Sally, the software robot: Metaphorical sensemaking and sensegiving around an emergent digital technology

Robotic process automation (RPA) is often used in organisational digitalisation efforts to automate work processes. RPA, and the software robots at its heart, is an equivocal and contentious technology. Adopting the products of theorising approach, this study views metaphors as central sensemaking and sensegiving devices that shape the interpretation of RPA among stakeholders towards a preferred reality of ways of seeing and experiencing software robots. The empirical materials are drawn from research in three Australasian organisations that have implemented RPA. Grounding our analysis in the domains-interaction model, we identified three root metaphors: person, robot and tool, their constitutive conceptual metaphors, and intended use as heuristics devices. Our findings show that metaphor is a powerful device that employees rely on to make sense of their experiences with a new digital technology that can potentially shape their roles, work practices and job design. In addition, managers and automation team members intentionally leverage metaphors to shape others’ perceptions of a software robot’s capabilities and limitations, its implication for human work and its expanding benefits for organisations over time, among others. Metaphor as a precursor to more formal theory provides scholars with a vocabulary to understand disparate experiences with an emergent automation technology that can be further developed to generate a theory of seeing automation and working with automated agents.

A method for selecting processes for automation with AHP and TOPSIS

Organizations are more frequently turning towards robotic process automation (RPA) as a solution for employees to focus on higher complexity and more valuable tasks while delegating routine, monotonous and rule-based tasks to their digital colleagues. These software robots can handle various rule-based, digital, repetitive tasks. However, currently available process identification methods must be qualified to select suitable automation processes accurately. Wrong process selection and failed attempts are often the origin of process automation's bad reputation within organizations and often result in the avoidance of this technology. As a result, in this research, a method for selecting processes for automation combining two multi-criteria decision-making techniques, 'Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), will be proposed, demonstrated, and evaluated. This study follows the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) and applies the proposed method for selecting processes for automation to a real-life scenario. The result will be a method to support the proper selection of business processes for automation, increasing the success of implementing RPA tools in an organization.

Autonomous control of a prototype solar‐powered offshore autonomous underwater vehicle servicing platform via a low‐cost embedded architecture

AbstractThis paper describes the design, implementation, and field‐testing of a low‐cost autonomous control system on the Platform for Expanding Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) exploRation to Longer ranges (PEARL). PEARL is a floating, solar‐powered platform designed as a servicing station for AUVs. This paper describes the field testing of a prototype system currently without the ability to dock and recharge AUVs. In this prototype, autonomous operations are realized through the open‐source MOOS‐IvP marine robotics software running on an embedded architecture including a Raspberry Pi microcomputer, Arduino microcontroller, and onboard inertial measurement unit and GPS sensors. A solar charge controller monitors energy system statistics in real‐time. Field tests included station‐keeping and waypoint missions in a freshwater pond in Orleans, MA. An RMS tracking error of 0.9–2.2 m was achieved during waypoint pattern executions, with an average battery usage of 13% per hour. Net power consumption rate will change due to variations in currents and winds, as well as variations in solar irradiance. The implementation of an autonomous sun‐tracking mode to maximize solar panel flux while station‐keeping is also evaluated. The field testing results will inform the design of a full‐scale PEARL capable of docking with AUVs. This research helps pave the way for autonomous solar‐powered service stations in the ocean that can connect the underwater world with space.

Intelligent digital services in russian railways: increasing productivity and automated support for it service availability and continuity

The article discusses the process and state of implementing digital services (software robots and chatbots) in JSC "Russian Railways" in the context of the ongoing global digitalisation of the economy and approaching intelligent automation of business processes. Based on the results obtained, the impact of advanced digital technologies on reducing the labour costs of Russian Railways employees for routine tasks, increasing their labour productivity, improving the quality of services provided to customers and guaranteeing the IT infrastructure's reliability is assessed. The goal of this work is not only to review this emerging issue and assess the degree of company's digital transformation and its impact on the low labour productivity concern, but also to vision the prospects of achieving the major goal to implement the Artificial Intelligence system, with software robots and chatbots as tools, and subsequently the paradigm of intelligent process automation as global trends.

Comparative and Evaluation of Anomaly Recognition by Employing Statistic Techniques on Humanoid Robot

This paper presents the study to differentiate between normal and anomaly conditions detected by humanoid robots using comparative statistics. The study has been conducted in robotic software as a platform to examine the scenario and evaluate between the anomalies and normal behaviour in different conditions. This study employed a machine vision technique to run an image segmentation process and carry out semi-supervised object training within a controlled environment. The robot is trained by differentiating the measurement size of the target object, its location, and the object’s visibility within three different frames. The effect is measured by extracting the positive predictive value (PPV) value, mean and standard deviation value from the captured image using statistical techniques in machine vision. The results showed that the mean value decreased by around 50% from the normal scenario when an anomaly occurred. Aside from that, the standard deviation values were more than twofold compared to the common scenario, especially after the object’s size grew. In contrast, the deviation value is remarkably small when the target is situated in the middle of adjacent frames, compared to the value when the entire shape is positioned in the frame. Simultaneously, the mean values from the processed image produced a minor difference.

Implementing Robotic Process Automation in small and medium-sized enterprises - implications for organisations

Process automation is most often associated with physical solutions used in industry. However, in addition to hardware robots, a separate group are software robots that can be used to replace human labour in terms of repetitive, structured business processes. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) solutions are becoming feasible for small and medium-sized entities (SMEs) due to their price and ease of use. The aim of this study is to diagnose the relationship between a company's orientation towards employee education and retraining, the provision of support from the company's management and the implementation of RPA understood as a change in work organisation and process change. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 248 SMEs, via a survey questionnaire. They confirmed the relationships between the analysed variables indicating the necessity of treating the implementation of RPA technology in the organisation as a change not only as an IT solution, but in a broader scope - organisational, affecting employees and processes.

Advanced robotic process automation for enterprise efficiency

Utilizing ELegant MAnagement Robotic Process Automation (ELMA RPA) for automating technological processes within an enterprise offers several advantages. Companies can enhance operational efficiency, save time, reduce errors, and streamline their operations by utilizing this advanced automation solution. ELMA RPA is an especially effective tool for tasks involving repetitive processes, like document management and administrative work. The incorporation of ELMA RPA allows businesses to take advantage of software robots, which are programmed to perform tasks with precision and consistency. Through the use of readout modes for interface elements, process modeling, and carefully designed algorithms, ELMA RPA allows for seamless interaction between various third-party programs. This not only enhances productivity but also allows companies to remain competitive in the ever-evolving business landscape. In summary, ELMA RPA is an essential tool for businesses looking to optimize their operations and capitalize on the benefits of process automation. This article describes principles and peculiarities of business process automation development using software robots using ELMA RPA product. The following are considered: readout modes of interface elements (methods that allow recording and accurately reproducing interaction between different third-party programs using their graphical interface), process modeling, and algorithm of the robot's actions. An example of the implementation of business process robotization in a leading consulting and auditing company is considered.

Research on key technology of semiconductor robot controller

In order to solve the nationalization of Chinese semiconductor robot controllers, this paper studies the critical technology of semiconductor robot controllers. Firstly, the article describes the industry background and primary application of semiconductor robots and analyzes the core components' main problems. Secondly, the paper introduces the semiconductor robot's software architecture and technical index and designs a real-time controller function software based on x86 architecture. Third, the article studies the key software technologies of semiconductor robot controllers, and critical technologies such as high-precision trajectory planning, active wafer center, safety protection, and fast teaching are introduced. Finally, the robot controller software designed in this paper adopts layered architecture to ensure system reliability and meet the needs of the semiconductor manufacturing industry. The robot controller software supports non-standard requirements flexibly through modular design in the advanced technology and platform reliability to reach the domestic leading level.