Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsTroy MatternTroy Mattern, Deputy Head of Cyber Security at the Zurich Insurance Company Ltd., is also Chairman of the Cyber Intelligence Task Force of the Intelligence and National Security Alliance (INSA). Previously the European Response Lead at Zurich Insurance, and Technical Director for Cyber Intelligence at the Software Engineering Institute, he is a graduate of the University of Arizona and the American Military University. A retired U.S. Marine Corps intelligence officer, Mr. Mattern has also served as Military Executive Assistant to the Deputy Commander of the United States Cyber Command in the U.S. Department of Defense.John FelkerJohn Felker is Director of Cyber and Intelligence Strategy for Hewlett-Packard (HP) Enterprise Services. His primary focus is developing business strategy in the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense, and the Intelligence Community. He is also co-chair of the Cyber Intelligence Task Force. Previously Vice President for Cyber Security Programs at SCI Consulting, during his thirty-year career with the U.S. Coast Guard, he served as Deputy Commander of the U.S. Coast Guard Cyber Command, and as Commander of the Coast Guard Cryptologic Group. A graduate of Ithaca College, he received his M.A. in Public Administration from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University.Randy BorumDr. Randy Borum, Professor and Coordinator of Strategy and Information Analysis in the School of Information at the University of South Florida, previously taught at the Duke University School of Medicine. He has served on the U.S. Director of National Intelligence's Intelligence Science Board, on the Defense Science Board Task Force on Understanding Human Dynamics, and on the National Academy of Science's Steering Committee for Sociocultural Data to Accomplish Department of Defense Missions. He has also worked as a consultant for the U.S. Secret Service. A graduate of James Madison University, with a Ph.D. from the Florida Institute of Technology at Melbourne, Dr. Borum has written extensively on security matters.George BamfordGeorge Bamford, Deputy Director of the Border Security Division in the Office of Intelligence and Analysis at the United States Department of Homeland Security, was earlier Chief of its Cyber Threat Analysis Branch. He is also a Commander in the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve, and Team Chief for Operations and Intelligence at the Joint Chiefs of Staff (J-3) National Military Command Center. He was previously a Senior Information Technology Program Manager at the U.S. Department of Defense, and Director of the Acquisition and Program Management Support division of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Mr. Bamford is a graduate of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, with an MBA from the George Washington University School of Business and an MPA from the Harvard University Kennedy School of Government. This article is adapted, in part, from the Intelligence and National Security Alliance (INSA) White Paper “Operational Levels of Cyber Intelligence,” developed by INSA's Cyber Intelligence Task Force in September 2013.1