AutoCAD Software Research Articles

Development of low-cost conventional milling fixture for micro-friction stir welding process

Fixtures are robust mechanical clamping devices used for precise machining. It is used to securely locate, hold and support the workpiece in a specific position during the machining operation. Fixtures for micro-friction stir welding (µFSW) are basically used to hold workpieces during welding operations. Using a conventional milling machine for µFSW operation with a simplified milling fixture is less expensive. This paper presents a simplified design of an adjustable milling fixture for µFSW, in which plates of different thicknesses can be welded. The low-cost fixture is designed using AutoCAD software, considering the transverse and lateral movement of tools and workpieces. Later, the developed milling fixture setup was tested in actual µFSW operations using the pinless tool of H13 material and 8 mm diameter. During operation, 0.8 mm thick Al6061-T6 plates were placed in lap and butt configuration and successful welding joints were obtained at a constant tool spinning speed of 2000 rpm and traverse speed of 100 mm/min. The maximum strength of the joint found 274.40 MPa for butt configuration and 201.25 MPa in lap configuration, which is about 87.34% and 64.10% of the parent material’s strength (314.19 MPa).

Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness between Monolithic and Multilayered Zirconia: An in-vitro Study

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the microhardness of monolithic zirconia and multilayered zirconia to investigate the influence of material composition and structural design on their mechanical properties. ‏Cylindrical specimens were designed using AutoCAD software and fabricated from monolithic zirconia (Group A) and multilayered zirconia (Group B blocks via CAD/CAM milling systems. The specimens were sectioned into discs with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm. Microhardness testing was performed on these discs using a standardized protocol. Statistical analysis was conducted using a student’s t-test (P < 0.05) with a sample size of 10 specimens per group to ensure 80% power and 95% confidence. ‏Results revealed significant differences in microhardness between monolithic and multilayered zirconia. Monolithic zirconia exhibited superior hardness, attributable to its single-layered structure, which enhances its mechanical strength and wear resistance. In contrast, multilayered zirconia, while exhibiting lower microhardness, demonstrated esthetic advantages due to its gradient layering and maintained sufficient durability for clinical use. ‏The findings underscore the impact of zirconia composition and structural design on mechanical properties, providing clinicians with valuable insights for material selection. While monolithic zirconia is ideal for high-load posterior restorations, multilayered zirconia offers an esthetic solution with adequate mechanical performance, making it suitable for anterior applications.

Comparison of slot tolerance with manufacturing measurements of different stainless steel self-ligating brackets

Background: Bracket slot dimensions is of great interest to orthodontists as it plays a major role in torque expression by affecting the wire/ slot play. This study was designed to measure slot tolerance (dimensions) and convergence angles of different stainless steel self-ligating brackets and to compare between the chosen brands. Materials and methods: Eighty upper first premolar brackets of four different brands {Damon Q (Ormco corporation, Brea, California, USA), DTC (Medical apparatus Cor., Hangzhou, China), IOS (Pactive self-ligating bracket, IOS, Stafford, USA), Lotus Plus interactive bracket (Orthotechnology Inc., southern Ct, West Columbia, USA)} of stainless steel self-ligating brackets with claimed slot dimensions of 0.559 mm (0.022") in height, 0.711mm (0.028") in depth and with zero taper angle were used (twenty brackets of each brand). Brackets were mounted in a purposely planned way to ensure the parallelism of the slot's walls and assessed using an inverted fluorescent optic microscope. The slot dimensions measurements were done using an AutoCAD software version 2020. One sample t-test was done to compare between brands and nominal values and One-way ANOVA with Tukey tests were done to compare between brands. Results: Actual slot dimensions were different significantly from the manufacturing measurements; the DTC bracket had the largest slot height and depth compared with manufacturing values (0.571mm, 0.741mm respectively), while the Lotus Plus bracket had significantly the lowest slot height and depth (0.549mm, 0.504mm respectively). Furthermore, DTC and IOS brackets have convergent slot walls, whereas Lotus Plus and Damon Q brackets exhibited divergent slot walls where Damon Q showed significantly the highest mean value (2.81◦). Conclusion: Apart from IOS brackets, the slot tolerances of the other brands did not comply with the manufacturer's specifications. Moreover, DTC and IOS showed a convergence slot angle, while Damon Q and Lotus Plus brackets showed a divergent one.

Multiorgan-on-a-chip for cancer drug pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) modeling and simulations.

Cancer is one of the most common and fatal diseases worldwide and kills millions of people every year. Cancer drug resistance, lack of efficacy, and safety are significant problems in cancer patients. A multiorgan-on-a-chip (MOC) device consisting of breast and liver compartments was designed with AutoCAD software. The MOC molds were printed by a Formlabs Form 2 3D printer. MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and MCF-10A cells were used for the MOC experiments. The cell lines were cultured at 37°C with 5% CO2, and cell viability was assessed via Alamar blue dye to generate pharmacodynamics (PD) data. Drug concentrations from the cell culture media were analyzed via Agilent 1260 Infinity II HPLC with a Waters Symmetry C18 column and used to generate pharmacokinetics (PK) data. The PK and PD data were modeled and simulated by Monolix and Simulix software, respectively. The safety and efficacy of drug dosing regimens were compared, and the best dosing regimens were selected. This research designed and fabricated a unique MOC consisting of liver and breast compartments that overcomes the need for sealing or assembling. It was used for PK-PD modeling and simulations, and its functionality was proven experimentally. The new MOC will be helpful in preclinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs.

Intelligent Design Method and System of Tin Spraying Steel Mesh for Complex Combiner

ABSTRACT In the process of spraying tin into the combiner cavity, employing the Tin Spraying Steel Mesh (TSSM) is crucial. This operation is akin to covering a complex, maze-like area with multiple islands and branches. Manual operation is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and challenging to ensure high-quality results. Therefore, this paper presents an intelligent design method and system for the TSSM, based on graphic processing. Initially, isolated islands are used as nodes to establish the topology structure of complex paths. Then, an improved Delaunay triangulation method is utilized to extract intermediate paths for regions with branching paths, resulting in the division into multiple single path regions. Following this, the island regions undergo equal arc length segmentation, while the single path regions are subjected to random bidirectional segmentation to obtain the final TSSM. Finally, a TSSM intelligent segmentation system is developed by seamlessly integrating this method into the AutoCAD software platform using ObjectARX technology. The TSSM obtained by this method meets the quality requirements, demonstrating consistent segmentation direction and uniform gaps. Furthermore, the system can adjust segmentation parameters to cater to different combiner specifications, thereby significantly improving design efficiency and establishing itself as an indispensable auxiliary tool in the automated design of combiners.

Substantiation of rational design parameters of a crusher with two movable jaws

Purpose. Design engineering of the mechanism of a two-jaw crusher with a compound motion of the jaws, which ensures a change in the angle of gripping of pieces of material within a very small range. Methodology. In the work, a theoretical study on the fourth-class lever mechanism, as the basis of a two-jaw crusher, was performed using the Mathcad 15 software. The study was performed on a vector representation of the links of the hinged mechanism. The development and analysis of constructive solutions were performed using the Autocad software product, which reduces the risk of errors and increases the quality of the design process. Findings. The paper theoretically determines the rational geometric parameters of the two-jaw crusher with the optimal value of the nip angle, whose crushing chamber is formed by the closed loop circuit of the flat fourth-class lever mechanism and proposes a new constructive solution of the mechanism for adjusting the crusher opening with two movable jaws and the bottom mounting of eccentric nodes. The developed device in the form of separate blocks is made with the possibility of their simple assembly and disassembly, which ensures the rate and quality of replacing lining plates or surfacing restoration of the worn working surface of the jaws. The relative movement of the jaws ensures the crushing of pieces of material with the required crushing coefficient. The geometric parameters were obtained by the method of kinematic synthesis. The geometric parameters of the crushing chamber of the two-jaw crusher were determined theoretically; the dependence was obtained of the change in the nip angle on the height of the movable jaw over a period of movement and the change in the compression stroke, which ensures the force interaction of the working surface of the jaws with the material. Originality. It is proved that the quadrilateral closed circuit of the fourth-class lever mechanism can be used as a crushing chamber of a two-jaw crusher. Two links of a closed circuit operate as jaws which break pieces of material. At the same time, the nip angle can vary within fairly narrow limits, ensuring the optimality of the crushing process. It was established that the considered option of the fourth-class six-link mechanism geometry has only two folds. An algorithm is presented for searching for assemblies with the purpose of identifying those that are closely adjacent. Practical value. The results of the conducted research provide the theoretical background and the algorithm for determining the optimal parameters of a two-jaw crusher which can be used at the stage of designing similar crushers. The developed design solution for adjusting the crusher opening expands the scope of application of double-jaw crushers. The obtained dependences of the change in the angle of inclination and the working surface of the jaw over a period make it possible to develop a rational mode of crushing the material

Design of a Thermally Resistant and Safe Door for a Medical Waste Pyrolysis Incinerator in a Green Environment

Abstract The door of a medical waste pyrolysis incinerator plays a critical role in ensuring safe and efficient operation, as it must withstand extreme conditions, including combustion temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1200 °C and internal pressure. This study focuses on designing a door that is not only robust and airtight but also highly resistant to these high temperatures, ensuring both operational safety and environmental protection. The design process began with a combustion chamber capacity of 0.5 m3, with the incinerator body measuring 900 mm x 900 mm x 1200 mm and the door measuring 650 mm x 650 mm. The door was fabricated using steel with a yield strength of 245 MPa, equipped with locking bolts, and sealed with high-temperature-resistant asbestos to prevent leaks. The design was initially developed using 2D AutoCAD and 3D SolidWorks software. Analytical calculations were validated through SolidWorks simulations, revealing that the stress at the critical point was 58.185 MPa, providing a safety factor of 4.2 times above the yield stress. This robust design not only enhances the durability of the incinerator door but also contributes to the overall safety and effectiveness of medical waste management, supporting broader environmental safety goals.

Manifestações patológicas e mapa de danos

Bridges play a crucial role in the logistics of the Recife Metropolitan Region – (RMR), which influences the modernity of the city's architecture and landscaping. Due to the importance of these structures for the city's growth, it is essential to carry out studies that make it possible to better understand the current state of conservation of the bridge. The present study sought to investigate the recurrent pathological manifestations in the structure of the Duarte Coelho Bridge located in Recife/PE, which helped in the development of the damage map. To carry out this survey, visual inspections were carried out using identification sheets of all damages that describe the current situation and recorded through photographs and images obtained by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) camera. The damage map was created with the help of AutoCAD software from the registered data specifying the specific damages. Through on-site analyses, it was observed that the majority of pathological manifestations could be mitigated through prevention and management measures for periodic maintenance. The bridge is in a moderate state of conservation and, based on the damage map prepared, it was observed that the most recurrent pathological manifestations were: mold and mildew, damp spots, efflorescence, fissures, concrete spalling and reinforcement corrosion. The analysis carried out allowed us to visualize the precariousness, highlighting the need for repairs and the creation of a preventive maintenance plan. Prevention prevents the recurrence of these anomalies, ensuring the safety and durability of structures, in addition to preserving the logistical and functional importance of bridges for society.

АНАЛИЗ КЛИМАТА И УЧЕТ ЕГО ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ ЗДАНИЙ В Г.СИМФЕРОПОЛЬ

The purpose of the work is to develop typological recommendations for the designed buildings in Simferopol based on the architectural analysis of natural and climatic conditions. The study requires a detailed study of the temperature regime, temperature and humidity regime, temperature and wind regime, solar radiation and the bioclimatic characteristics of the construction area. Subject of the study: Human heat sensations are influenced by the interaction of factors such as temperature, solar radiation, air humidity and the speed of its movement. Depending on the combination of these factors, a person's heat perception can vary. Materials and methods: To achieve this goal, the following values were analyzed: average monthly outdoor temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, and solar radiation. To assess the effect of climate on the human body, an equivalent-effective temperature and a normal equivalent temperature were calculated. AutoCAD and Microsoft Excel software were used to build the graphs. Results: The conducted research allowed us to determine the boundaries of comfort zones, the influence of the Simferopol climate on the human body. Conclusions: The results of the analysis of natural and climatic factors allow us to determine the typological requirements for the choice of architectural solutions: architectural planning, structural and engineering means of regulating the microclimate in buildings and buildings for Simferopol, taking into account its climate.

Runx2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism in Class II and Class III malocclusions

To assess the prevalence of RUNX2 gene polymorphism in skeletal class II and class III malocclusions. : Unstimulated salivary samples of 36 patients (18- 30 years of age group), comprising 18 with skeletal class II and 18 with skeletal class III were collected from a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Salivary DNA samples were collected and analyzed using Sanger sequencing. Digital tracing was performed on lateral cephalometric radiographs by using AutoCAD software for digitization to assess the anterio-posterior and vertical relationship of the maxillary and mandibular arch.When polymorphism of 36 samples comprised of 18 Class II and 18 Class III were assessed, 83.3% Class III malocclusion and 5.6% Class II showed RUNX2 gene polymorphism in the population. Chi Square test which indicated that the results are statistically significant in Class III malocclusion for RUNX2 single nucleotide polymorphism (p<0.001). RUNX2 gene polymorphism was statistically significant in skeletal Class III malocclusion when compared to skeletal Class II malocclusion. This is a preliminary study done on a smaller sample, we need a larger sample size to confirm our findings.

Analytical Study on Reducing the Heating Effects of Daylight and Improving Natural Lighting Performance at Erzincan Train Station in the Context of Climate Change

Climate change is an environmental issue that is rapidly escalating due to the effects of global warming. The increase in carbon emissions, along with various human activities such as industrial processes, land use changes, and the reckless consumption of natural resources, are among the primary causes of global warming. Various architectural interventions are being implemented in historical buildings to mitigate the impact of global warming and its consequence, climate change. The study aims to protect the historical building from the harmful effects of climate change by reducing the heating effects of direct sunlight during the summer and enhancing the efficiency of natural lighting throughout the day. In this context, the Erzincan Train Station is located in Erzincan in Eastern Anatolia. Erzincan is one of the most affected by the climate change crisis has been selected for the study. The plans of the Erzincan Train Station were digitized using AutoCAD software and subsequently modeled in three dimensions using Revit software. Daylight analysis was conducted on the created model using the Insight plugin in Revit software. The analysis determined that recommendations should be made for the building's south facade. Based on the climate data of Erzincan province and the conducted analyses, the light shelf system was designed and implemented due to its applicability, shading, and lighting advantages among daylighting systems. The effects of the proposed system were examined using spatial daylight autonomy (sDA) and annual sunlight exposure (ASE) daylight metrics according to LEED v4 EQc7 standards. The study found that the light shelf system resulted in a 5% reduction in ASE values building-wide and a 6% reduction in the average values of specific areas while increasing sDA values. In this context, it has been observed that areas experiencing a decrease in direct sunlight exposure (ASE values) also show an increase in sufficient daylight exposure (sDA values), which could contribute to improving the building's energy performance.

Identificação de manifestações patológicas através da elaboração de mapas de danos de fachadas de um prédio histórico da cidade do Recife, PE: Estudo de caso do Bloco A da Escola Politécnica de Pernambuco

The city of Recife has numerous historic buildings that have existed for over 100 years and are part of the rich culture of this region. Over the years, these buildings get damaged due to the action of external weather and, in some cases, human action, which ends up generating numerous pathological manifestations that require correction. Therefore, this research's main objective is to study and identify the pathological manifestations present on the facades of block A of the Polytechnic School of the University of Pernambuco, aiming to assist in future, more sustainable restoration works in this building. As a methodological basis, a photographic inspection of the study object was carried out, followed by the identification of the pathological manifestations present on each facade, analysis of the photos and the development of damage maps using AutoCAD software. As a result, several pathological manifestations were found on the four facades of the building and from the preparation of damage maps it was possible to identify the areas that needed the most urgent repairs, due to the high degree of incidence of anomalies. The results demonstrated the importance of conserving historical heritage, since these buildings are living memories of a people's culture, in addition to being important instruments for the economic, social and environmental development of cities.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRO-RETENTIVE FLOATING TABLET CASE USING FDM 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

The aim of this research was to examine a novel Fused Deposition Model (FDM) 3D Printing Method for creating a gastro-retentive floating tablet case containing metronidazole compressed tablet. Metronidazole was employed as a model drug and successfully integrated into floating tablet case composed of polyvinyl alcohol filament. The tablet design was made by AutoCAD software and the slicing of tablet design was carried out. To evaluate the formulation parameters for 3D printed tablet case, various orifice sizes were optimized. These 3D printed tablet cases were assessed for weight variation, friability, hardness, in vitro floating test and in vitro dissolution studies. All results met acceptable criteria. Notably, the 0.5 mm orifice case floated on 0.1 N HCI media surface for over 345 min, displaying zero - order drug release. Thus, this work demonstrates the potential of 3D Printing technology as an innovative platform for gastroretentive floating tablets to promote a modern era of personalized medicine.

A Study on Hybrid Power Plant (Solar & Biomass)

We have designed an on-grid hybrid power plant that combines solar and biomass energy sources. The solar plant has a capacity of 6 MW, and the biomass plant has a capacity of 2 MW. The hybrid solar-biomass power plant is still a recent renewable technology. It is an ongoing investigation that not only proposes dispatchable power generation but also benefits from having a flexible input source, including solar and bioenergy. We aimed to successfully design a hybrid project using proper analysis, to reduce the cost of power generation through a grid-connected hybrid system, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We used PVsyst software to simulate the solar plant and created the PV mounting structure and Single Line Diagram (SLD) using AutoCAD software. We have used Microsoft Excel software to carry out the cost analysis. We also calculated how much biomass waste and gas the biomass plant will need. We have been able to successfully design our hybrid power plant and, at the same time, reduce the power generation cost comparatively. The hybrid system design has made it possible to ensure the most convenient arrangement of electricity.

To Evaluate the Favourable Distribution Pattern of Stress in Maxilla and Mandible during Maxillary Protraction Using Miniplates of Varying Diameters and Thread Pitches under Different Levels of Inter Maxillary Forces: A Study Using Finite Element Analysis

Introduction The aim of the study is to compare the stress distribution pattern by three different diameters of miniplate (1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm) of three different mini- implant thread pitches (0 .5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm), in the maxilla and mandible during maxillary protraction using different inter-maxillary elastic force of (2 N,4N,6N,8 N).  Materials and Methods Using Autocad software and plate geometry, a 3D finite element model of the maxilla was made with a miniplate at the infrazygomatic buttress and a mandibular miniplate at the mandibular parasymphysis. Stress distributions and displacements were analyzed in Von Mises stress form using Ansys software.  Results In the implant study, the Von Mises stress in bone (Mpa) was 142 Mpa for the 1 mm diameter implant, which was the lowest compared to 170 Mpa for the 0.5 mm pitch and 233 Mpa for the 1.5 mm pitch. Whereas in skull study when 2N elastic force was applied for a 2 mm diameter minimplant, the maximum Von Mises stress at 0.5mm,1mm and 1.5mm thread pitch was (18.454 Mpa, 18.47 Mpa, and 18.344 Mpa. For elastic force of 4N was (18,465 Mpa, 18.492 Mpa and 18.244 Mpa), for 6N elastic force was 18.388 Mpa, 18.43 Mpa and 18.086 Mpa), and for 8N was (18.272 Mpa, 18.324 Mpa and 17.883 Mpa), which was similar compared from other two diameters.  Conclusion When comparing 1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 2.5 mm diameter implants with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm pitch thread , the 2 mm diameter at 1 mm pitch thread shows the least strained bone in the implant study. Whereas,in the skull study, 2 mm diameter mini-implants had similar stress distribution in the maxilla and mandible,in all the thread pitches and elastic force which shows pitch variants and different force application is not a factor for stress distribution in the bone.

Development of 3D-printed universal adapter in enhancing retinal imaging accessibility

BackgroundThe revolutionary technology of smartphone-based retinal imaging has been consistently improving over the years. Smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices are designed to be portable, easy to use, and cost-efficient, which enables eye care to be more widely accessible especially in geographically remote areas. This enables early disease detection for those who are in low- and middle- income population or just in general has very limited access to eye care. This study investigates the limitation of smartphone compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Additionally, this study aims to propose a universal adapter design that is usable with an existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition device known as the PanOptic ophthalmoscope. This study also aims to simulate the reliability, validity, and performance overall of the developed prototype.MethodsA literature review has been conducted that identifies the limitation of smartphone compatibility among existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Designing and modeling of proposed adapter were performed using the software AutoCAD 3D. For the proposed performance evaluation, finite element analysis (FEA) in the software Autodesk Inventor and 5-point scale method were demonstrated.ResultsPublished studies demonstrate that most of the existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices have compatibility limited to specific older smartphone models. This highlights the benefit of a universal adapter in broadening the usability of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. A functional universal adapter design has been developed that demonstrates its compatibility with a variety of smartphones regardless of the smartphone dimension or the position of the smartphone’s camera lens. The proposed performance evaluation method generates an efficient stress analysis of the proposed adapter design. The end-user survey results show a positive overall performance of the developed universal adapter. However, a significant difference between the expert's views on the developed adapter and the quality of images is observed.ConclusionThe compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices is still mostly limited to specific smartphone models. Besides this, the concept of a universal and suitable adapter for retinal imaging using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope was presented and validated in this paper. This work provides a platform for future development of smartphone-based ophthalmoscope that is universal.

Eco-friendly, lightweight, and high-strength sandwich corrugated particleboard from tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) shells

Eco-friendly, lightweight, and high-strength sandwich corrugated particleboard from tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) shells

Development of Human Resources in the Advanced Infrastructure Sector in Ciasmara Village, Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency

This Community Service (PkM) was motivated by the infrastructure problems of Ciasmara village with many roads damaged due to high rainfall and the village still using contractor services so that indirectly it had to spend more budget to pay for these services. This PkM activity is to provide knowledge and understanding to village officials about how to plan and calculate budgets regarding roads and bridges, heavy equipment used Autocad software, especially with regard to calculating the volume of each work item that has been prepared and will be implemented. The PkM implementation method goes through stages 1) Counseling, 2) Planning, 3) Training and 4) Evaluation. In this activity, village officials can have better insight, especially in terms of planning correct budget plans in accordance with existing (government) laws and regulations, especially those relating to government projects in particular and projects outside the government in general, so that in the future they will become reliable and capable village officials who will support the programs launched by Ciasmara village and provide better progress and contributions.

Virtual Acoustic Characterization of a Multipurpose Sports Facility: A Case Study of the Coliseum at “Unidad Educativa Municipal Sebastián de Benalcázar”, Quito, Ecuador

Abstract This study presents a virtual acoustic characterization of a multipurpose sports facility, focusing on a case study of the coliseum at “Unidad Educativa Municipal Sebastián de Benalcázar” in Quito, Ecuador. Utilizing a non-intrusive, simulation-based approach, an initial detailed survey of the coliseum’s interior was conducted. AutoCAD and SketchUp software were utilized to generate a three-dimensional (3D) model based on the acquired data. This model was then exported to ODEON software for acoustic simulation. Important acoustic parameters, including reverberation duration, clarity, STI (Speech Transmission Index), and RASTI (Rapid Speech Transmission Index), were obtained from the simulation. These parameters were instrumental in characterizing the sports facility’s acoustic quality and comparing it with established reference values. Special emphasis was given to the initial parameters of reverberation time and STI, crucial for assessing the acoustic quality of the space. This virtual characterization provides significant insights into the acoustical properties of the coliseum, highlighting its potential and limitations as a multifunctional sports venue. The present study makes a significant contribution to the field of virtual acoustic assessments by providing a comprehensive framework for future improvements in the acoustic design and sound quality of similar environments. The study specifically addresses the distinct geographical and architectural context of Quito, Ecuador.

Design of Storm Sewer System for Mass City Using Bentley SewerGEMS Software

Erbil has been undergoing rapid urbanisation and population growth for the last ten years. The impervious surface areas increased, so the volume of runoff generated from stormwater increased. For this reason, the storm sewer system is faced with additional runoff from the urban areas, and the existing sewer system is inadequate. This study focuses on the storm sewer system design using SewerGEMS and AutoCAD Software in Mass City, which is located in the east of Erbil. The topographic map of the study area was created using Civil 3D software and the total station in surveying, and rainfall storm data were collected from Erbil Meteorology Station and the General Directorate of Water and Sewage. Geometric design and hydraulic modelling were done using AutoCAD and SewerGEMS, respectively. The results show hydraulic design parameters such as flow velocity, sewer pipe size, slopes, manholes, pipe profiles, hydraulic grade line, minimum depth of excavation, and the minimum number of drops. Such a model allowed the project to be accomplished in a short time, with high efficiency and low costs; the model effectively demonstrated its ability to improve design and analysis by examining hydraulic performance.