Soft Toothbrush Research Articles

EVAULATION OF EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TOOTHBRUSH TYPES ON PERIODONTAL STATUS IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque removal efficacy of soft bristles toothbrushes (SBTB) compared with medium bristles toothbrushes (MBTB) using clinical periodontal parameters in orthodontic patients with self-ligating brackets. Methods: A total of 32 orthodontic patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment were selected for this prospective study. Patients were divided into randomly two groups brushing with tooth brusher type as follow SBTB and MBTB. The bonded bracket plaque index (PI), and pocket depth values (PDV) were evaluated 1 week after bracket placement (T1), 2 weeks after bracket placement (T2); and 3 weeks after bracket placement (T3). The Friedman and Mann Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding PI and PDV values (p > 0.05). In the MBTB group, PDV values revealed statistically significant changes between T2 and T3 (p 0.05). MBTB grubunda, PDV değerleri T2 ve T3 tedavi zamanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişiklik göstermiştir (P <0.05). Ayrıca, ağrı skorları gruplar arasında bir hafta sonunda anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir (P = 0.540). Sonuç: Yumuşak kıl formasyonuna sahip diş fırçası ile orta sertlikte kıl formasyonuna sahip diş fırçası tiplerinin kapaklı braket kullanılan ortodonti hastalarında periodontal parametreler açısından bir farklılığa sebep olmamıştır

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Abrasion on the Surface Roughness of Bulk Fill and Its Comparison with Conventional Composites

Introduction: Surface properties are among the most important factors in clinical success of composite restorations. The composite surfaces may be affected by the occlusion forces, tooth brushing, or bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness of Bulk fill and universal nano-hybrid composites after toothbrush abrasion. Materials and Methods: Totally, nine specimens were prepared for each nano-hybrid composite (Tetric N Ceram and Tetric N Ceram Bulk fill) in this in vitro study. The surface roughness of the specimens was evaluated using a contact profilometer. Subsequently, the samples were abraded in a brushing machine using a soft toothbrush and slurry of toothpaste and distilled water at 10000 strokes. Following that, the mean surface roughness of the samples was measured again. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, and paired-t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: After abrasion, surface roughness was increased in both types of composites. Moreover, the surface roughness of the TNC Bulk fill was significantly higher than that of the TNC composite. Conclusion:Due to the high surface roughness of the Bulk fill composite after abrasion, it is recommended to cover the surface of Bulk fill composites with a more abrasion resistant composite.

Protective effect of calcium silicate toothpaste on enamel erosion and abrasion in vitro

ObjectivesTo compare in vitro the effect of a toothpaste containing fluoride (F), calcium silicate (CaSi) and sodium phosphate salts to conventional toothpaste (NaF) on human enamel specimens submitted to erosive and abrasive challenges. Methods48 sound and 48 enamel samples pre-treated with 1% citric acid were divided into 4 groups (n = 12): Group 1- Non-fluoride toothpaste; Group 2- NaF toothpaste (1450 ppmF); Group 3- CaSi toothpaste (1450 ppmF; MFP); Group 4- Erosion only. The samples were subjected to pH cycling (3 cycles/day; 90s; 1% citric acid, pH 3.6) and to abrasion for 7 days. After the 1st and the last cycle, they were submitted to abrasion (15s, 1.5N load), using a brushing machine, soft toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (1:3; 15ml/sample) and then immersed in the slurry for 45s. Samples were immersed in artificial saliva between the challenges. Enamel loss was evaluated using profilometry on days 3 and 7. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). ResultsFor sound enamel at baseline, mean (±SD) enamel loss (μm) for groups 1–4 on day 3 was 2.15 ± 0.35a, 1.20 ± 0.22b, 0.95 ± 0.19b and 1.98 ± 0.32a; on day 7 was 3.05 ± 0.40a, 2.07 ± 0.32b, 1.36 ± 0.33c and 3.69 ± 0.27d respectively. For acid-softened enamel at baseline, enamel loss on day 3 was 3.16 ± 0.19a, 2.17 ± 0.14b, 1.70 ± 0.11c and 3.04 ± 0.19a; on day 7 was 3.92 ± 0.25a, 3.07 ± 0.13b, 2.09 ± 0.15c and 3.87 ± 0.25a respectively. ConclusionsBoth F toothpastes led to significantly higher enamel protection from short-term erosion and abrasion in comparison to the non-F toothpaste and erosion only. In the longer term, CaSi toothpaste conferred significantly higher protection than NaF toothpaste. Clinical significanceThe results showed that for the longer term the CaSi toothpaste provided significantly higher protection than the NaF toothpaste, which indicates a good potential of the former to help prevent erosive tooth wear.

Effect of surface treatment and glaze application on shade characterized resin-modified ceramic after toothbrushing

Statement of problemThe extrinsic characterization with pigments and glaze application on the surface of ceramic restorations promotes individualization and esthetics. However, whether this characterization is resistant to toothbrushing abrasive wear is unclear. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the abrasive wear resistance of characterized and glazed resin-modified ceramic with different surface treatments before characterization. Material and methodsEighty rectangular specimens (10×8×6 mm) were precision cut from Vita Enamic and randomly divided in 4 groups as per the surface treatment before the characterization technique. These groups included the following: no additional treatment or polishing only, acid etching, airborne-particle abrasion, and self-etching silanization. For each surface treatment, 2 subgroups were created considering the presence or absence of the glaze layer after shade characterization, totaling 8 groups (n=10). The specimens were submitted to toothbrushing simulation (150 000 cycles, 2.45-N, 180 strokes per minute) with a soft and straight toothbrush and a solution of toothpaste and distilled water (250 g/L). After each 50 000 cycles, the wear of the characterized surface was measured by using a contact profilometer in μm which was equivalent to 5, 10, and 15 years of simulated toothbrushing. The rates were analyzed by using 3-way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey test (α=.05). Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to access the surface profile between the evaluated periods. ResultsThe mean wear rate (Rz) of the characterized surface was affected by the isolated factors, including surface treatment, glaze, and time (P<.001), with no interactive effects noted. A higher mean value of Rz was observed for polishing only (12.9 ±4.4 μm), followed by airborne-particle abrasion (10.2 ±4.5 μm), acid etching (9.4 ±2.4 μm), and then self-etching silanization (7.6 ±2.9 μm). Mean wear rate was also increased by the glaze (11.1 ±4.7 μm) compared with its absence (9 ±3.2 μm) and by the length of time, with 15 years (11.3 ±4.5 μm) followed by 10 years (9.8 ±4.0 μm) and 5 years (9 ±3.6 μm). The scanning electron microscopy images showed similar worn surfaces for each subgroup, glaze removal after 150 000 cycles, and surface homogeneity in function of time. ConclusionsSelf-etching silanization was found to be the treatment suitable for reducing the wear of characterized resin-modified ceramic during prolonged brushing of more than 5 years. Glaze application did not protect the characterization from surface wear, regardless of the ceramic surface treatment performed on the specimens.

The Influence of Oral Hygiene Education on The Oral Health Status of Patients Suffering from HIV/AIDS

Introduction: Poor oral hygiene and dental care can affect oral intake which results in decreased endurance and increases the risk of opportunistic or systemic infections. Method: The research was carried out the RSUD dr. M. Haulussy Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia, using a quasi-experimental method, involving 30 nurses and 20 patients. The level of knowledge and skills is evaluated before and after oral hygiene education for nurses. Patients were measured with a Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS) score, and C. albicans yeast culture before and after the intervention was given in the form of oral hygiene using a soft toothbrush and dental floss for one week. Result: The influence of oral hygiene education on nurses knowledge with median value of pre-education 36.00 and post-education 91.00 and nurse skills have median value of pre-education 67.00 and post-education 100.00 with a significant value of p = 0.001 &lt;0.05. There is an increase in knowledge and skills after educational activities. Before oral hygiene treatment was applied with a review of the BOAS score it had a median value of 11.00 after the intervention became 6.00 a significant value of p= 0.001&lt;0.05, which showed a decrease in scores after oral hygiene treatment. Examination of C. albicans fungus with a median value of 79.00 pre-intervention and 31.00 at post-intervention, a significant value of p= 0.001, showed a decrease in the number of post-intervention fungi. Conclusion: Nurses should conducted Oral hygiene regularly to improve oral health status of AIDs patiens.

Evaluation of surface roughness and microhardness of enamel white spot lesions treated by resin infiltration technique (icons): An in-vitro study

Objectives This research was designed to evaluate the effect of resin infiltration material (Icon) and remineralizing agents (n-HA, CPP-ACP) on micro hardness and surface roughness of enamel white spot lesion. Materials & Methods 120 sound non carious human anterior teeth were used in this study. The teeth were divided according to the test of evaluation into two main groups. Group H: for assessment of micro hardness and group R: for assessment of surface roughness (60 teeth each).Then each group was divided into four equal subgroups (15 teeth each) according to the treatments applied as follows: subgroup(C): control, subgroup (P): CPPACP, subgroup (I): Icon and subgroup (N): n-HA. Each subgroup was further subdivided into three equal divisions (5 teeth each) according to the storage times in artificial saliva; one week (S1), four weeks (S2) and eight weeks (S3). The crowns of all teeth were separated from the roots and embedded horizontally in middle of the mould leaving the labial surface projecting using self-curing acrylic resin. Al specimens were immersed in demenaralizing solution for artificial enamel white spot lesion formation. Then treated with each respective material as follow: In subgroup (I) Icons was applied on labial surface of specimens and then immersed in artificial saliva. In subgroup (P) the labial surfaces of specimens were brushed manually by a soft toothbrush and with gentle pressure; brushing procedures were carried out three times daily with CPP–ACP- containing paste for 3 minutes then immersed in artificial saliva. In subgroup (N) specimens were immersed in 10% n-HA solution for 3min then immersed in artificial saliva and these applications were repeated daily. While subgroup (C) did not receive any surface treatment, but it immersed in artificial saliva as a positive control subgroup, artificial saliva was changed daily. For assessment of microhardness and surface roughness the enamel white spot lesion specimens in the four different subgroups were examined three times (after one week, four weeks and eight weeks from the first time of treatment application) by Vickers micro hardness testing machine and none contact profilometer. Results The results of microhardness revealed that the subgroup (N) was provided the highest micro hardness mean value, followed by subgroup (I) group, then subgroup (P) group while subgroup (C) showed the lowest micro hardness mean value.The results of surface roughness revealed that the subgroup (P) group was provided the highest surface roughness mean value, followed by subgroup (C), then subgroup (N) while subgroup (I) showed the lowest surface roughness. Conclusions Resin infiltration material (Icon) had a positive effect on microhardness and surface roughness of enamel white spot lesion.

Wear Comparison of a Plain Toothbrush versus Eleven Commercial Toothbrushes

Objective: To compare the wear of the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain Toothbrush 47 tuft (flat bristles) versus eleven manual toothbrushes. Methods: Twelve brand-new manual toothbrushes (n = 35 in each group) were used for comparison. Each toothbrush was run on a toothbrushing simulator with a brushing force of 2N for approximately 2 hours to simulate 1 month of toothbrushing (9,333 strokes @ 45° lingual of posterior teeth, 9,333 strokes on the top surface, and 9,333 strokes @ 45° buccal of posterior teeth), using the Bass technique on a quadrant typodont. Wear was measured by wear index and wear rating. The Wear index measures the degree of bristle splaying whereby the bristles spread apart and take on a permanent curvature. Wear rating is a subjective rating scale consisting of a series of four numbers increasing from zero to three. The Olympus SZX16 microscope was used to measure the wear rating then was inputted into a formula and averaged. The subjective wear seen as bristle splay/ curling was also measured and recorded. Comparison of the wear index and wear rating between each manual toothbrush was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Wear index and wear rating for all toothbrushes ranged from 0.03 to 0.34 and from 0.57 to 2.06, respectively. There was a significant difference in the wear index between each toothbrush and the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain toothbrush. The difference in the wear rating was significant between the Sound Feelings SOFT Plain toothbrush and all other toothbrushes other than the Reach Advanced Design Soft toothbrush. Conclusion: The Sound Feelings SOFT Plain Toothbrush had the lowest wear rating and index among all the manual toothbrushes tested.

Evaluating the efficacy of desensitizing dentifrices on dentinal hypersensitivity management: A scanning electron microscopic analysis

Introduction:Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) adversely affects quality of life by impairing the ability to eat and drink certain foods, therefore, should be addressed promptly with a contingency plan that includes initial treatment with a noninvasive prophylactic home care approach, followed by in-office treatment if desired result is not achieved.Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of four different pastes containing 5% NovaMin (Sensodyne Repair and Protect®), Propolis (Phytoshield Propolis®), 5% potassium nitrate (Sensodyne®), and 8% arginine (Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief®) based toothpastes in the treatment of DH.Materials and Methods:One hundred dentin slices were cut from the crown section of molars. Etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid was done to open the tubules. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was done to ensure that the tubules are opened. The dentin specimens were divided into four groups: Group 1 –5% NovaMin, Group 2 – Propolis, Group 3 – 5% potassium nitrate, and Group 4 – 8% arginine. Samples were brushed for 2 min twice daily with a soft toothbrush for 15 days and were stored in distilled water. The samples were rinsed under running water to remove the toothpaste. The SEM was performed to check the obliteration of tubules.Results:5% NovaMin group showed more completely occluded dentinal tubules when compared to other groups. The differences among all the groups were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusion:In the present study, all materials, NovaMin, Propolis, potassium nitrate, and arginine, were effective in occluding dentinal tubules but NovaMin appeared most proficient in occluding tubules, followed by arginine, potassium nitrate, and Propolis. Topical NovaMin is an upcoming agent demonstrating desensitization and remineralization properties.

EFFECTIVENESS IN THE USE OF SOFT AND MEDIUM TOOTHBRUSH BRISTLES WITH FONE’S TECHNIQUE FOR PLAQUE REDUCTION

ABSTRACTBackground: Dental and oral hygiene of children in Indonesia is so alarming that serious awareness and attention are needed. Poor dental and oral hygiene is characterized by the presence of plaque deposits on tooth surface, forming an intercellular matrix that may instigate various dental and mouth problems. The prevalence of correct tooth brushing in Indonesia was very low at only 2.80%, in which South Kalimantan Province was 4.97% and Barito Kuala Regency was 3.55%. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of using soft and medium toothbrush bristles with fone’s technique to reduce plaque in students aged 10-11 years at SDN Berangas Timur 1, Barito Kuala Regency. Methods: The study used a true experimental method with a pretest-posttest with control group design consisting of pre-test and 8 post-test, and control group that was not given any treatment. Samples were randomly allocated by name sequence through simple random sampling technique of students aged 10-11 years at SDN Berangas Timur 1, Barito Kuala Regency. Inspection using PHPM plaque index was assessed on 6 index teeth. Research data were analysed using Mann Whitney's post hoc Friedman test. Results: The results for Friedman test in the treatment group showed p = 0.000. Mann Whitney test results in the treatment group with the control group showed p = 0.000 with a comparison of mean difference of 1.29 and 1.22 between the use of soft and medium toothbrush bristles with fone's technique. Conclusion: The use of soft toothbrush bristles with fone’s technique is the most effective in plaque reduction. Keywords : Effectiveness of brushing teeth, Fone’s technique, Plaque index, Soft and medium toothbrush dental

Changes in the Bristle Stiffness of Polybutylene Terephthalate Manual Toothbrushes over 3 Months: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

We previously reported that polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) toothbrushes become less effective for plaque removal after two months of use. However, it remains unknown how the bristle stiffness of PBT toothbrushes changes after several months of use. We performed a single-center randomized controlled trial to evaluate the bristle stiffness and bristle splaying of soft and medium manual toothbrushes among dental and medical students of Hiroshima University. Subjects were 80 participants who met the criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to the soft toothbrush group (n = 40) or the medium toothbrush group (n = 40). We collected toothbrushes immediately after first use (T0), after one month of use (T1), after two months of use (T2), and after three months of use (T3). Bristle stiffness was measured according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 22254. The mean bristle stiffness (N/cm2) of soft and medium toothbrushes was significantly lower at T2 and T3 than at T0 (T2 vs. T0, soft; 3.63 vs. 3.89, P < 0.01 and medium; 4.33 vs. 4.52, P < 0.05, respectively, and T3 vs. T0, 3.62 vs. 3.89, p < 0.01 and 4.18 vs. 4.52, p < 0.001, respectively). Bristle stiffness was significantly reduced in soft and medium PBT toothbrushes after two months of use.

Effect of an Optical Whitening Toothpaste on Color Stability of Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials.

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of an optical whitening toothpaste on color stability of microhybrid, nanofilled, and microfilled composite resins and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement in comparison of two other toothpastes. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, disc-shaped composite samples were fabricated. The samples were then polished using silicon carbide papers. Twenty-seven samples of each material were fabricated and subjected to colorimetry using a spectrophotometer. Each group of material was then divided into three subgroups for the application of conventional whitening and whitening containing blue covarine toothpastes. One operator brushed the samples with an electric soft toothbrush with circular motion twice a day, each time for 30 seconds. Colorimetry was performed at 0, 1, 7, 30, and 90 days. Statistical Analysis Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test were used for statistical analysis. Results The interaction effect of type of restorative material and time on ∆E was not significant at baseline or 1 day ( p > 0.05). The effect of type of toothpaste on ∆E was not significant at baseline or 1 day ( p = 0.78) but the effect of type of material was significant ( p < 0.05). The toothpastes had significantly different effects on ∆E of Z250 at all time points ( p < 0.05) except for ∆E0–30 ( p = 0.106). The toothpastes had significantly different effects on ∆E of Z350 and Gradia at all time points ( p < 0.05). The same was true for RMGI except for ∆E0–7 ( p = 0.43) and ∆E0–90 ( p = 0.52). The majority of color changes caused by toothpastes were not clinically perceivable (∆E < 3.3), except for ∆E0–90 by the whitening toothpaste (∆E = 9), ∆E0–90 by the conventional toothpaste for Z350 (∆E = 3.9), and ∆E0–1 by the whitening toothpaste for RMGI (∆E = 3.7). Conclusion The color change of all composite samples was not clinically perceivable (<3.3) at all time points, which shows that the tested toothpastes do not cause a significant change in color of composite materials.

Measurement of bristle splaying of toothbrushes using digital imaging and evaluation of plaque removal efficacy over 3months: A randomized controlled trial (RCT).

The aim of this study was to develop an objective method to assess the degree of bristle splaying of used manual toothbrushes and to investigate their plaque removal efficacy. A randomized controlled trial targeting Hiroshima University students was performed to assess the plaque removal efficacy of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) manual toothbrushes. Participants were randomly assigned to the soft toothbrush group (n=40) or the medium toothbrush group (n=40). A small number of participants discontinued the intervention for personal reasons in both the medium (n=6) and soft (n=2) toothbrush groups. Toothbrushes were collected immediately after first use (T0: baseline), after 1month of use (T1: month 1), after 2months of use (T2: month 3) and after 3months of use (T3: month 6), following the allocation of a new toothbrush. The bristle surface area was measured using digital software. The surface area of the bristles was significantly greater at T1, T2 and T3 than at T0 in the medium toothbrush group (n=34) and soft toothbrush group (n=38) (P<.001). Importantly, plaque removal efficacy, calculated from a modified plaque control record score and modified patient hygiene performance score, was significantly lower at T2 than at T0 in both groups. Our method for evaluation of bristle splaying is considered to be reliable and reproducible. PBT toothbrushes may become less effective after two months of use.

Effect of Toothbrushing on Surface Color of Ceramic-polymer Materials: An In Vitro Study

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of toothbrushing on the change in color of extrinsic characterization of ceramic-polymer materials. Two ceramic-polymer materials (CeraSmart, GC; Enamic, VITA) and one lithium-disilicate material (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) were tested. Specimens of each material were prepared, characterized, and glazed per manufacturer's instructions. The treated surface of the blocks were then brushed in a toothpaste slurry with artificial saliva using a toothbrush machine with a soft toothbrush. Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* values were recorded with a spectrophotometer at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 simulated years of brushing (7,300 strokes/year). A mean change in color (ΔE*) and standard deviation was determined for each group and brushing interval. Data were analyzed with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA examining the effects of toothbrushing the ceramic materials on ΔE* over time (α = 0.05). The difference in the ΔE* between CeraSmart and Enamic was significant at 3 years, while the differences between them were not significant at 6, 9, and 12 years of simulated brushing. The ΔE* of IPS e.max CAD was significantly lower than CeraSmart and Enamic at all time points (all p < 0.0001) except for the comparison with Enamic at 3 years. The extrinsic stains on the ceramic-polymer materials may be more susceptible to change from simulated toothbrushing compared to the lithium-disilicate material. Toothbrushing may change the color of extrinsic characterization of ceramic-polymer materials. However, the change may remain clinically imperceptible to the naked eye (ΔE* > 1.0) for nearly 6 equivalent years of brushing.

Effect of Tooth Brushing on Wear of Microhybrid Composites In vitro experiment

Changes in the surface roughness of dental restorative materials after tooth brushing are inevitable. The abrasion is known to increase the possibility of dental plaque accumulation which is responsible for several pathologies of the oral cavity. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the changes of surface roughness of microhybrid composite materials produced by different toothbrushes with and without toothpaste. Forty-eight specimens of two composite materials (Charisma and Super-Cor) were prepared using a silicone template according to the manufacturer�s instructions. Each sample was brushed for eight hours. Each group of specimens was divided in two subgroups: half of the samples were brushed using only distilled water and the other half with a mixture of distilled water and toothpaste (Colgate Total; ratio 1:1). The average roughness value (Ra) of surfaces were measured with profilometer three times: the initial measurement was performed before starting the toothbrush simulation, the second was after 4 hours and the third was after 8 hours of brushing. Three different bristle stiffness toothbrush heads were used (medium sensitive, medium and soft). After collecting all numerical data one-way ANOVA and Friedman tests were performed for statistical analysis. All examined microhybrid composites exhibited changes in surface roughness after the toothbrush simulation. The simulation of toothbrushing without toothpaste, only with water as cleaning substrate, showed at every measurement the lowest values of roughness in all three toothbrush heads. Significantly increase of mean Ra values were observed in both tested composite samples when medium and soft toothbrushes with toothpaste were used. The surface roughness changes of tested microhybrid composites depend on the brushing procedure. The toothpaste has a much greater effect on the abrasion than the type of toothbrush.

The effect of commercial whitening toothpastes on erosive dentin wear in vitro

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the erosive tooth wear promoted by commercial whitening toothpastes on eroded dentin in vitro. DesignNinety bovine roots were embedded, polished and subjected to the baseline profile analysis. The samples were protected in 2/3 of the dentin surface and were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 15/group): Oral-B 3D White; Close-up Diamond Attraction Power White; Sorriso Xtreme White 4D; Colgate Luminous White; Crest and erosion only. All samples were submitted to erosive pH cycles (4 × 90 s in 0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, per day) and abrasive challenges (2 × 15 s, per day) for 7 days. The samples were subjected to abrasion, using toothbrushing machine, soft toothbrushes and slurries of the tested toothpastes (1.5 N, 1:3 water). Between the challenges, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The final profile was overlaid to the baseline profile for the calculation of the erosive dentin wear (μm). The data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (p < 0.05). ResultsColgate Luminous White (4.7 μm) and Sorriso Xtreme White 4D (4.0 μm) promoted the highest wear, similarly to Oral-B 3D White (2.3 μm). Oral-B 3D White promoted similar wear compared to Crest (1.1 μm) and Close-up Diamond Attraction Power White (1.2 μm); however, it induced significant higher dentin wear compared to erosion only (1.0 μm). Close-up Diamond Attraction Power White and Crest did not increase the erosive wear compared to erosion only. ConclusionSome whitening toothpastes increase the wear of eroded dentin, which should be considered by the dentist when prescribing them to patient with root exposure.

A novel treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis using ozone therapy

Introduction: Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is a microbial disease characterized by the death and sloughing of gingival tissue. This article presents a classic case with characteristic symptoms of gingival necrosis, punched out ulcerated papillae, pseudomembrane formation and pain. Case Report: The patient was treated with the conventional treatment modalities of antimicrobial treatment, swabbing of the pseudomembrane with H2O2 followed by irrigation at home mouth rinses. A soft toothbrush was advised without any adjunctive toothpaste. Additionally, ozone therapy was done on the 3rd day since the lesion persisted. Each arch was ozonated for five minutes using custom made silicon stents with nozzle in the front to allow the ozone generator to pass through. With adjunctive ozone therapy lesions had started to resolve by the 5th day and the patient was also relieved of all associated symptoms. Conclusion: Elimination of the bacteria is a very important part of treatment of NUG. Treponema, bacteroides intermedius and fusobacterium species are the principle bacteria involved in the disease. These bacteria are essentially anaerobic. Ozone therapy creates an aerobic environment for these bacteria inhibiting their growth and disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell wall by oxidation and inactivating the existing bacteria. Ozone therapy does not damage the other surrounding healthy cells. These healthy cells have a coating of enzymes like catalase, glutathione perioxidase, reductase and superoxide dimutase which prevents the oxygen radical from penetrating them. Hence using ozone as an adjunctive therapy helps accelerate healing and treat the basic etiology in a very targeted manner.

An In-vitro Assessment of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Toothbrush Bristle Following Decontamination by Three Different Methods: A Pilot Study.

BackgroundToothbrushes are the most commonly used mechanical plaque control methods, and they are said to harbor microorganisms if not stored properly following usage.ObjectiveAn assessment of the influence of a decontaminating agent (sterile water (control)/chlorhexidine mouthwash/herbal mouthwash) on the properties of toothbrush bristles following storage for 24 hrs by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).MethodologyThe study involves a total of 24 slim soft toothbrushes (six samples per group) with different decontaminating agents: Group 1: Vented container, Group 2: Sterile water, Group 3: 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash, and Group 4: Herbal mouthwash. The toothbrushes were stored in their respective containers for 24 hours, following which, snippets of toothbrush bristles were collected and tested for the evaluation of wear using SEM and the biochemical alteration occurring in the bristles was assessed using FTIR.Results and conclusionThe Group 2 and Group 3 samples showed significant wear (Score 2) under SEM evaluation, and FTIR spectroscopy evaluation revealed that changes occur in the fingerprint region of infrared spectroscopy owing to chemical bond alteration following decontamination. Considering the benefits we acquire in terms of microbial load reduction, decontamination is recommended, though it might necessitate frequent changing of toothbrushes.

Color stability and surface roughness of composite resins submitted to brushing with bleaching toothpastes: An in situ study.

To evaluate, in situ, the color stability (CS) and surface roughness (SR) of composite resins after toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste. Specimens (6 × 2 mm/) of composite resin (Tetric N-Ceram, Z250 and Z350) were randomly fixed on thirty participants' upper molars (buccal surface). For an initial standardization (7 days), participants used a soft toothbrush and nonwhitening toothpaste (SDB - Sorrisos Dentes Brancos). Initial CS (Easyshade) and SR (Surfcorder RS) measurements were performed. For SR, impressions of specimens were taken (Express, 3 M ESPE) to produce replicas in polyurethane resin (Axon F16, Abcol). Participants were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10) regarding used toothpaste (SDB; Close up White Now - CWN; Colgate Luminous White - CLW). After 90 days, CS and SR measurements were obtained, and data were analyzed (2-way ANOVA, repeated measures, Bonferroni, P < .05). Z250 showed higher (P < .05) color change than Z350. Tetric N-Ceram presented an intermediary value for ΔE, however, it also demonstrated higher SR (P < .05) after brushing with CLW, compared with SDB and CWN. The SR change of composite resin after toothbrushing with a whitening toothpaste is material dependent, but the toothpaste abrasiveness does not change the CS. Whitening toothpaste do not change the color stability of composites; however, it can alter the restorative composite surface roughness.

Pengaruh Nanofilled Resin Coating terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Semen Ionomer Kaca

One of the restorative dental materials that is continuously developed is Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC). The aim of this research is to know whether there is influence of nanofilled resin coating application on GIC to reduce surface roughness. In this study GIC type II (EQUIA Forte, GC, Japan) was used to be mechanically manipulated and inserted into a mold which produced a sample of 6.0±0.3 mm in diameter and 3.0±0.2 mm in height. GIC samples were divided into 2 groups namely 10 GIC samples were not coated with nanofilled resin coating as control group and 10 GIC samples were coated with nanofilled resin coating as treatment group. GIC samples were tested immediately and then immersed in sterile distilled water in a 37°C incubator. After 24 hours, GIC samples were surface roughness tested using a Surface Roughness Tester. Then all samples were brushed using a soft bristle mechanical tooth brush for 1 hour. After brushing, the sample is tested for final surface roughness. The results showed an increase in surface roughness in non-coated group/control (0.005 ± 0,328mm) and coated group (0.015±0.240 mm). Statistical data analysis using unpaired t test showed that there was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in the increasing of surface roughness between control group and treatment group. It can be concluded that application of nanofilled resin coating to GIC cannot reduce the roughness of GIC surface.

A Manual Bristleless Toothbrush Demonstrates Slight Improvement in Gingival Recession Compared to a Conventional Soft Manual Brush.

This randomized clinical trial tested whether a novel bristleless toothbrush design is more effective in preventing gingival recession in adults receiving periodontal maintenance than is a soft toothbrush with nylon bristles. Twenty-three subjects with gingival recession were recruited who received regular periodontal maintenance care at Western University of Health Sciences Dental Center, and who did not exhibit signs of acute dental or systemic disease, occlusal discrepancies or parafunctional habits. These subjects were randomly assigned to to two groups, one using a soft nylon-bristled toothbrush, and the other using the experimental toothbrush that contains a brush head with short, soft, rubbery cones. Both groups received regular periodontal maintenance and periodontal exams by blinded examiners every 3-4 months, measuring probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque indices. Gingival recession was assessed clinically and through use of a stent on diagnostic casts obtained at each visit. Average probing depths, plaque levels, and the number of sites with bleeding on probing did not change over at least 9 months. After 9 months, there was a small but statistically significant improvement in gingival recession (0.4 mm, p < 0.01) at sites with gingival recession in the experimental toothbrush group compared to the control group. In periodontal maintenance patients, the bristleless toothbrush used in this study was as effective in plaque removal and prevention of gingival inflammation than a conventional toothbrush with soft nylon bristles, while increasing the possibility of gingival tissue rebound over denuded root surfaces.