Soft Systems Methodology Approach Research Articles

DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF RUBBER PRODUCTION SYSTEMS USING SSM AND VENSIM APPROACHES

One of the contributors to the agricultural sector, particularly in the plantation sub-sector, is the rubber industry, which accounts for 38.54% of Indonesia's rubber exports. This opportunity arises from the fact that 85% of rubber producers are smallholder farmers, while the remaining share is owned by state and private enterprises. Makmurman is an individual rubber business owner based in South Sumatra Province, with a 4-hectare rubber plantation that directly sells raw rubber to collectors. The rapid advancement of technology in modern life has led to increased use of elastic materials, thereby driving higher demand for rubber, especially in the automotive industry. As a result, Makmurman has experienced a surge in demand for raw rubber from collectors. However, Makmurman has been unable to meet this demand, likely due to the many variables involved in the production process and the sale of raw rubber, which have created challenges. To address these issues, a root cause analysis is conducted to identify the appropriate solution using the soft system methodology approach. Additionally, data processing is carried out using Vensim software to model the rubber production system in a real-world scenario. The results include the development of causal loop diagrams and stock flow diagrams. The expected outcome is a dynamic system simulation with various scenarios, ultimately identifying the best scenario that ensures the highest availability of rubber for Makmurman to meet the demands of the rubber collectors.

Managing Organizational Culture Integration Post-Acquisition: Lessons from PT 'X' in the Oil and Gas Sector

In the upstream oil and gas industry, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are often used to enhance access to limited resources and improve competitiveness in the global market. However, a major challenge arises in post-acquisition organizational cultural integration, which can impede the success of this process. At PT "X," the acquisition of PT "Y" and PT "Z" highlighted a cultural gap between a company oriented towards familial values and companies with more professional and structured cultures. Although numerous studies have addressed the importance of cultural integration in M&A, few have delved deeply into cases in Indonesia's oil and gas sector. This research employs a qualitative descriptive methodology with a Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach. The findings reveal that cultural differences, particularly in communication styles and work systems, led to tensions and decreased performance. The study further indicates that the lack of cultural assessment in the early stages of the acquisition exacerbated these issues. The research implications underscore the need for a more systematic and planned cultural integration strategy to ensure post-acquisition success.

STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN POTENSI PELANGGARAN ARMADA PENANGKAPAN IKAN STUDI KASUS PPS NIZAM ZACHMAN JAKARTA

Before fishing surveillance is one of the important surveillances at fishing ports. A case study at PPS Nizam Zachman Jakarta (PPSNZJ) stated that 22.75% of purse seiners use fishing gear and equipment following did not comply with fishing business license (SLO). This research aims to identify potential violations of fishing vessels at before fishing stage after the SLO was issued and the factors that cause these violations to produce a conceptual model for preventing potential violations of fishing fleets. Primary data were collected using open interview. The secondary data were collected from annual report of the Pangkalan PSDKP Jakarta and PPSNZJ fishing port, and previous studies. This research was approached using 4 stages of a soft system methodology (SSM) approach namely identifying unstructured problems, structuring problems, formulating root definitions, and formulating conceptual models. The results of research show that there are six problems in activities before fishing after the SLO was issued. Based on the SSM approach, issuing supervisory regulations after the SLO was required to prevent illegal addition of fishing gear and fishing equipment. This is due to the absence of supervision after the SLO was issued by fisheries inspectors. Keywords: fishing surveillance, fisheries violation, SSM, strategy, PPSNZJ

Rurality, Resilience, & Identity: A Soft Systems Methodology Approach to Understanding Self-Reported Issues in Rural America

Rurality, Resilience, & Identity: A Soft Systems Methodology Approach to Understanding Self-Reported Issues in Rural America

Redesigning Tourism Community Participation Management: Integrating Digital Technology with the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) Approach

The soft systems methodology (SSM) method is used in this study to address the perspective of community collective engagement (Participation with the community) in the context of tourist awareness groups. This study aims to develop a new model that can increase community engagement in the use of digital technology for tourist objectives. This research examines difficulties and formulates novel digital technology solutions through case studies on tourist awareness groups. The findings of this study suggest that the SSM method may give a comprehensive picture and enable the building of relevant and successful models. This study contributes significantly to our understanding of how to improve community engagement in technology-based tourist situations

Soft System Methodology Approach: Case Study of Renewable Energy Development of Wood Pellets as an Implementation of a Circular Economy

The development of wood pellets as a sustainable energy source derived from biomass waste has not significantly increased over the past few decades, despite a rise in demand for and sales of its products worldwide. Several variables contribute to the intricate issue of creating wood pellets from biomass waste as a renewable energy source, including the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, including the government, financial institutions, academia, the manufacturing sector, and non-governmental organizations. This article uses a waste management model that employs the Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach to assess the challenge of producing wood pellets from biomass waste as a renewable energy source and possible solutions. Data and information on the development of wood pellets as a renewable energy source derived from biomass waste were acquired through a literature review and in-depth interviews with specialists. The study’s findings demonstrate that using the SSM technique leads to a conceptual model that depicts the interactions between sub-elements to enhance the development of wood pellets as a biomass waste-derived renewable energy source. This concept was developed to lessen any adverse effects and enhance the processing of biomass waste. The success of goals is determined by the importance of each actor’s role and the collaboration of other actors, including local, national, and corporate governments. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry is the primary stakeholder and has a say in policy and program formulation. The Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mineral Resources, financial institutions, and other relevant organizations can help with this effort.

Application of Soft Systems Methodology Approach to Find Sustainable Gastronomic Solutions in Bali, Indonesia

Application of Soft Systems Methodology Approach to Find Sustainable Gastronomic Solutions in Bali, Indonesia

Empowerment of Civil Society and the Army in Collaborative Innovation for Emergency Bridge Construction Due to Flash Floods in Bima NTB

This article aims to analyse the empowerment of civil society and the Indonesian Army in collaborative innovation for the construction of an emergency bridge due to flash floods in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), in 2021. The flash flood had destroyed the bridge, which was the connecting access to the district market as the center of the community's local economy. The soft systems methodology (SSM) approach analyzed the complex situation involving various human activity systems in the bridge construction collaboration. The analysis results show the need for collaborative innovation between the Provincial and District Governments, Non-Government, the Indonesian National Army (TNI), the Indonesian National Police (Polri), and civil society. Especially in disaster emergency conditions, the choice of Ultra-Wide Acrow Panel Bridge technology proposed bottom-up by the NTB Provincial Government and the Military Resort Command (Korem) 162/Wira Bhakti NTB proved to be faster, more practical and more robust than the Bailey Bridge technology by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemen PUPR RI). This collaborative innovation restored road connectivity and the local economy and improved the quality of public services in Bima District. The contribution of this article is to provide enrichment about learning collaborative innovation in disaster management efforts and bottom-up infrastructure development in disaster situations.

Digital Governance of Project Management System using Soft Systems Methodology , Case Study of SOE Holding Survey Services (IDSurvey)

This article aims to establish the digital governance of the project management system at PT Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI). As a holding company for BUMN Survey Services (IDSurvey), although there is already a Decree of the BKI Board of Directors No. DU.007/HK.303/KI-21 concerning Refinement of Business Portfolio Determination for SBU (Strategic Business Unit) Function Improvement, but in practice, there are still various obstacles in BKI project management, such as delays in project completion and target mismatches in project management. This study uses a qualitative method with a soft systems methodology approach with research time from January to August 2023 at the BKI Head Office. By using e-government, digital governance, and project management, the study results show that BKI needs to develop a standard operating procedure for digital governance of project management in order to succeed in the project. This study recommends that after the SOP for Digital Governance of the Management System is made, the SVP of Commercial Business Operations, as the leading sector, needs to socialize and disseminate the governance SOP that is made.

Paradigm Of New Institutional Administrations in The Governance and Institutionalization of Marine Tourism in Payangan, Indonesia

Marine tourism management is not just a matter of governance per se, institutional factors also seem to have an influence, especially in traditional marine tourism management, such as in Payangan. To understand the relationship between governance and institutions in marine tourism management in Payangan, this study aims to analyze the problems in governance and institutions in Payangan, as well as to develop a conceptual model design. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with the Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach as a systemic approach to solve complex governance and institutional problems in Payangan through a series of stages. The research results indicate that the dominant problem situation in Payangan is not in its governance, but rather in its institutions, particularly in accommodating the values of the local community that have long been neglected, as they are monopolized by certain small community groups and elements of the Sumberejo Village Government who are only seeking economic gain. The monopolies of certain parties have caused the governance and institutionalization of marine tourism in Payangan to not function properly, requiring a new conceptual model of governance and institutions based on the construction of reality, social networks, and path-dependent development within the realm of the science of administration, or New Institutional Administrations (NIA), as a development and critique of the first-level institution or embeddedness proposed by Williamson, which has economic dimensions or New Institutional Economics (NIE).

Developing a framework for higher education institution building maintenance via soft system methodology

PurposeInadequate strategic planning and maintenance budget may undermine the maintenance of the Higher Education Institution Building (HEIB). Studies have shown that a customised maintenance concept such as Soft System Methodology (SSM) can improve public building maintenance operations. There is a paucity of studies regarding public HEIB maintenance in Nigeria via an SSM approach. Therefore, the research investigated the state of public HEIB and developed a framework to improve public HEIB maintenance practices in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopted SSM to understand Nigeria’s public HEIB maintenance practices. The SSM permitted a substitute approach to improve public HEIB maintenance practices via a developed framework. Data were collated via virtual interviews with experts, and findings were presented in line with the SSM seven steps.FindingsFindings show that besides the shoddy state of public HEIB maintenance, there is no public digitalised HEIB framework to improve maintenance practices across Nigeria’s higher education institutions. The study developed a digitalised framework with the support of Computerised Maintenance Management System from the findings. It would reposition the public HEIB and stir up various agencies/departments/units managing maintenance for better service delivery via integrated delivery, practical, methodological and managerial aspects.Originality/valueThe research investigated Nigeria’s public HEIB maintenance practices via SSM to identify the required document and propose a feasible framework to improve Nigeria’s HEIB maintenance practices. Besides the developed conceptual framework, Nigeria’s HEIB maintenance practitioners and higher institution chief executives can use the recommended framework as guidelines to improve HEIB maintenance practices.

Designing an information-sharing system to improve collaboration culture: a soft systems methodology approach in the digital service creation process

PurposeThis study aims to fill the gap in collaboration culture improvement by designing an information-sharing system as an enabler to support the forming dimensions of the collaboration process in previous studies. The authors propose the appropriate system to eliminate the collaboration culture gaps between the related functional units based on in-process interaction learning in a business process outsourcing company.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed action research (AR) based on soft systems methodology (SSM) with a system thinking approach, in which the authors and process actors design the agreed information-sharing system by involving the process actors in identifying the initial problem situation as well as validating the conceptual model through discussions and designing the expected system.FindingsThis study discovers that SSM-based AR is a suited method for designing a system that supports the formation of collaboration culture among actors in the digital service creation process by learning user perceptions and expectations in order to obtain their commitment to empower the proposed system.Originality/valueIn addition to providing a system to minimize the lack of collaboration culture, this study contributes to the academic literature by offering a new way of planning and designing in a system development methodology using soft systems approaches to understand user perceptions, expressing user interaction in a conceptual model and validating it and defining agreed activities to obtain the best design according to user expectations.

DESIGN MODEL FOR ADAPTATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE SINGLE SUBMISSION WITH PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRY 4.0

In today's Industry 4.0 era, government institutions responsible for providing licensing services in Indonesia face a unique challenge of balancing the demands for expedited service provision while maintaining a high standard of information security and privacy. The success in this endeavor is dependent upon the leadership, coordination, competence, and performance of human resources (HR) within these institutions. The objective of this study is to design a model for the adaptation of HR management and information security strategies in the implementation of online single submission (OSS) systems for business licensing, in accordance with Industry 4.0 principles. The research employs a qualitative methodology utilizing the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) approach. Data was collected through interviews. The SSM analysis yielded a design model for the adaptation of HR management in the implementation of OSS systems. This model is a novel contribution of the study and comprises an integrated approach of four different HR management models which describes the strategies of leadership, coordination, competence and performance of HR in the implementation of OSS systems based on Industry 4.0 principles. The signicance of this research lies in providing recommendations for the improvement of HR management and information security strategies in the implementation of OSS systems for business licensing in government institutions, as per Industry 4.0 principles, thereby supporting the role of these institutions in Electronic Government Systems (SPBE).

Mengukur E-Participation Masyarakat di Era Transformasi Digital dengan Metode Multi Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP)

The digital transformation era provides an opportunity for the public to exercise their right to information, where public agency is required to provide documents and information through Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumen (PPID). This openness promises an important role for public participation through electronic access to information (E-Information), access to electronic consultations (E-Consultation), and participation in electronic decision-making (E-Decision Making). These three indicators are referred to as E-Participation. However, their implementation has encountered obstacles, leading to the need for research on E-Participation in the current community environment. This study employs a Soft System Methodology approach, specifically the Multi-Factor Evaluation Process (MFEP) method. The objective is to identify the indicators and criteria used in E-Participation, and to determine the level of E-Participation usage in Central Java based on the indicators used. The criteria used in this study pertain to the willingness of both the government and society, as well as the availability of infrastructure and information. The ranking results of the level of E-Participation indicate that public E-Participation is at an average level, where E-Information is the highest strengthening indicator, followed by E-Consultation, and E-Decision Making is the lowest.

Model Pengembangan Pembiayaan Syariah Sektor Pertanian di Provinsi Aceh: Suatu Telaah Soft System Methodology

The agricultural sector is the largest sector for economic output in Aceh which also dominates the largest number of workers in Aceh. The Aceh government needs to establish strategic steps to formulate financing in the sector as stipulated in the agricultural regulations based on Qanun Number 11 of 2018 about Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS). This research is designed to formulate system for developing Islamic financing in the agricultural sector after the implementation of Qanun Number 11 of 2018 about LKS in Aceh with soft systems methodology (SSM) approach. This study has resulted a conceptual model of the Islamic financing strategy for the agricultural sector in Aceh Province. Based on the results of the review of the conceptual framework using the SSM approach, strategies that can be performed for implementation of Islamic agricultural finance are the Islamic financial product strategy, Islamic agricultural financing institutional strategy, local and central government communication strategies, and human resource development strategy. This study recommends that the Government of Aceh needs to prepare regulatory policies, Islamic financial product schemes, and institutions in strengthening the implementation of Islamic financing based on the agricultural sector in Aceh.
 
 Keywords: islamic financing, agriculture, soft systems methodology, Qanun LKS

Analisis Minat Konsumen pada Warung Kopi di Kota Banda Aceh

The number of businesses like coffee shops (warkop) in Banda Aceh City makes every business actor required to implement the right strategy in capturing the hearts of consumers so that they can continue to visit that the company's income can increase. Therefore, this study aims to analyze consumer interest in choosing warkop in Banda Aceh City so that business actors can use the information obtained in making decisions to be applied to their business. The observation locations were carried out in five coffee shops. Based on the results of the study, several factors become a reference for consumers in choosing the warkop to visit, including location, place, price, internet, parking facilities, and mushalla. However, in some coffee shops, there are also problems in providing quality services, such as delays in the handling process, slight menu variations, the noise of places, parking lots, and less strategic locations. Thus, if the problem is not addressed properly, it is estimated that it can have an impact on the nature of the next consumer. With a soft systems methodology (SSM) approach, these problems can be overcome. SSM can build a conceptual model that can formulate a strategy for warkop business actors in Banda Aceh City. SSM method results in two suggested recommendation activities. First, technical recommendations, namely that business actors must make efforts in improving their companies, such as determining strategic locations, setting competitive prices, providing adequate parking space, and fixing various other factors. Second, policy recommendations include establishing special SOPs, developing human service resources, incorporating local wisdom, and innovating. So applying these two activity recommendations can provide answers to problems.
 
 Keywords: coffee shop, conceptual model, consumer interest, soft systems methodology

Model Ideal Sistem Manajemen Rantai Pasok Agribisnis Kakao: Pendekatan Soft System Methodology (SSM)

Jambewangi village cocoa farmers market their cocoa beans individually and in small quantities, so they’re in a low bargaining position. In addition to not optimally the role of each institution, they also haven’t coordinated and cooperated to promote cocoa. Researchers need to research to design institutional synergies in the agribusiness supply chain. The research was conducted in Jambewangi villages, the center of cocoa production in Banyuwangi. The supply chain design is based Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach through information from sources, farmers, and experts. Based on the SSM analysis, it can be concluded that: 1. There is a fundamental problem with the cocoa in Jambewangi village that farmers only produce unfermented cocoa beans, and sell them individually, so their bargaining position is low. Several institutions in the village haven’t played an optimal role in joint marketing, 2. There is no synergy between institutions at the farmer level, so they can’t protect farmers in their bargaining position. 3. If supply chain actors synergize and carry out their respective roles in the supply chain, uniform, and SNI-standardized cocoa beans can be produced and are able to produce processed chocolate products such as butter, chocolate bars, and powder.

KONSTRUKSI MODEL OECD BASE EROSION PROFIT SHIFTING ACTION PLAN 12TH GUNA MEWUJUDKAN TRANSPARANSI PERENCANAAN PAJAK

This study presents ideas about the construction of policies under the authority of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) in response to recommendations issued by the OECD regarding how to deal with aggressive tax planning related to the current era of globalization. The tax avoidance practice is known as the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) which is allegedly rampant by taxpayers (WP), especially for the Multi National Company (MNC). The impact of the BEPS practice is the loss of state revenues experienced by almost every country, especially developing countries. This is a major concern for developing countries because tax revenues are an important component of government revenues to encourage development. The OECD BEPS action plan issued at the G20 meeting in Moscow Russia in July 2013 had 15 action plans. In this case, the Indonesian Government has not implemented all the recommendations for the OECD BEPS action plan. One recommendation that has not been made is the OECD BEPS action plan 12 concerning Mandatory Disclosure Rules (MDR). MDR here is about the disclosure of the company's strategies regarding tax planning. This is necessary because there must be tax planning transparency carried out by WP. This condition is closely related to Human Activity Systems, which are purposeful activities. Therefore the writer studied it with an action-based Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) approach with the category of research interest.
 
 Keywords: BEPS, aggressive tax planning, mandatory disclosure rules, action-based SSM, research interest

A conceptual model for energy management in the steel industry: A Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach

This paper aims to use Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to develop the steel industry's energy management framework. It proposes a soft system approach to analyze the complex situation of developing a support system for energy management. This approach consists of identifying the system scope, discovering underlying problems within, deriving a conceptual model from the complex situation, and identifying possible actors and activities to bring the conceptual model closer to reality. The identified activities could serve as a guideline for designing and developing an effective energy management framework in the steel industry. The result might also be further developed to drive the feasible, desirable changes into real implementation strategies and action plans. Currently, there is very limited SSM academic research in energy management. Hence the researchers sincerely hope that this study might help to drive the SSM methodology application in this field, in conjunction with the body of knowledge of Industrial and Systems Engineering (IISE).

Mechanism model of technological incentives for the growth and development of small-scale Agro-industry groups in Indonesia (Case Study: Cocoa)

The Indonesian government has sporadically carried out coaching and development of small industries, in the form of technology incentives. However, this technology incentive is still misdirected, because there is no standard mechanism for providing technology incentives. Misdirected technological incentives will not strengthen the group. This study aims to build a model mechanism for providing technology incentives by the government to agro-industry groups (cacao case study). The study used a soft system methodology (SSM) approach. This study is in 11 conceptual models of the mechanism for providing incentives by the government. The key elements of the action program are sector/quadrant IV (Independent), namely determining the Leading Sector, providing technology incentives for agro-industry groups, and compiling a map of group-based cocoa industry development problems. These elements have the greatest driving power with the lowest level of dependence on other elements. This means the second and fourth institutional elements are the most important key elements.