Soft Mold Research Articles

Impact of process parameters on the flow behavior and filling accuracy of photoresist in hot embossing for microgroove array

Hot embossing is a cost-effective and efficient method for fabricating micro-nano structures. However, challenges arise from the flow behavior and rebound phenomena of photoresists during hot embossing, leading to issues with filling accuracy and subsequently degrading optical properties. Therefore, elucidating the impact of process parameters on filling accuracy in hot embossing is crucial. Initially, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft mold was fabricated by replicating microgroove arrays from a nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) mold, which was produced using ultra-precision fly-cutting techniques. Subsequently, the microgroove morphology from the PDMS soft mold was transferred onto the photoresist surface through hot embossing. A numerical model for photoresist filling accuracy was established and experimentally validated. The filling mechanism of photoresist in hot embossing was elucidated. Polymer viscoelasticity decreased with increasing temperature, substantially enhancing filling accuracy, followed by a gradual decrease due to rebound phenomena. Additionally, higher embossing forces enhanced the filling ratio, but excessive pressure led to the deformation of the soft mold. Process parameters were optimized through numerical simulation and experimentation, achieving processing errors at the hundred-nanometer level and a filling ratio of 97.3 %.

Preparation of Photocurable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Composites for Continuous Manufacturing of 3D-Patterned Abrasive.

Photocurable hybrid organic-inorganic composites were prepared via surface modification and 3D-patterned structures were fabricated by utilizing a continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing strategy. The surfaces of nanocrystals were engineered with a bifunctional ligand that is a 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, which possesses a carboxylic acid moiety at one end and an acrylate functionality moiety at the other end, yielding acrylate-functionalized nanocrystals. Micro-scale 3D patterns (protruding pyramidal shapes with each side measuring 147 μm) were continuously manufactured at a speed of 2.5 m/min via UV curing with a soft engraved mold. The surface properties of the functionalized nanocrystals and their UV curing condition were explored with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of the 3D film was measured using scanning electron microscopy. A pin-on-disk tribometer measurement revealed an improved interaction between the functionalized particles and resins.

Metasurface-Embedded Contact Lenses for Holographic Light Projection.

Contact lenses have been instrumental in vision correction and are expected to be utilized in augmented reality (AR) displays through the integration of electronic and optical components. In optics, metasurfaces, an array of sub-wavelength nanostructures, have offered optical multifunctionality in an ultra-compact form factor, facilitating integration into various imaging, and display systems. However, transferring metasurfaces onto contact lenses remains challenging due to the non-biocompatible materials of extant imprinting methods and the structural instability caused by the swelling and shrinking of the wetted surface. Here, a biocompatible method is presented to transfer metasurfaces onto contact lenses using hyaluronic acid (HA) as a soft mold and to allow for holographic light projection. A high-efficiency metahologram is obtained with an all-metallic 3D meta-atom enhanced by the anisotropy of a rectangular structure, and a reflective background metal layer. A corrugated metal layer on the HA mold is supported with a SiO2 capping layer, to avoid unwanted wrinkles and to ensure structural stability when transferred to the surface of pliable and wettable contact lenses. Biocompatible method of transferring metasurfaces onto contact lenses promises the integration of diverse optical components, including holograms, lenses, gratings and more, to advance the visual experience for AR displays and human-computer interfaces.

Knit-Mycelium Hybrids: Textile Design Strategies for Biofabrication Systems Based on Mycocrete Injection in 3D Knitted Tubular Formworks

This paper investigates the design potential of monolithically grown Mycelium-based Composites (MBCs), focusing on integrating 3D knitted formworks within the fabrication process. Mycelium has gained attention as a sustainable, biodegradable construction material with insulating and self-healing capabilities. While there have been advancements in MBC, challenges remain regarding geometrical complexity and design potential at scale through in situ practices. Recent interest has emerged in digital fabrication methods and mould creation using textile logic and CNC knitting. However, fabricating mycelium within tubular soft moulds present a lack of stability and uneven growth distribution. The novel technique using injection filling of Mycocrete, a viscous mycelium paste, overcomes this structural disintegration. This method enables the creation of complex designs within a two-staged fabrication process while providing high structural performance. The paper presents three case studies demonstrating the impact of hanging, draping, and internal shape integration as fabrication steps as design tools for geometrical possibilities and diversity of expressions. It examines the relationship between knitted soft preform design and biofabrication parameters in relation to design expression, scale and mycelium growth. The paper concludes by emphasising the significance of 3D knitted formworks in scaling up MBCs in the built environment and its potential for implementing textile design parameters in MBC expressions and geometries. The fabrication steps provide newfound design opportunities, opening possibilities for aesthetical, material-saving and functionally graded design approaches. Further research in this area holds promise for advancing sustainable construction and textile design practices.

Pre-structural patterning approach for enhancing flow characteristics of B-stage film-type epoxy molding compound

Epoxy molding compound (EMC) compositions of silica powder and epoxy matrix have been utilized as encapsulation for semiconductor packaging over the past decades. Among various forms of EMC, film-type EMC offers untapped potential. Utilizing EMC film as an encapsulation material allows larger and more uniform encapsulation behavior especially for panel-level and wafer-level packaging applications. In material aspects, as increases silica contents in EMC film, it can encounter a trade-off relationship between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the material's viscosity. As silica content increases, the CTE tends to decrease, which enhances warpage behavior. However, viscosity also tends to increase, which reduces flowability. To overcome these tradeoff relationships, in our study, we have demonstrated a pre-structural patterning approach to enhance flowability of B-stage EMC film without changing the raw compositions of material. By doing that, we can suppose increased flowability of film while having similar thermomechanical properties. For patterning while maintaining B-stage, patterned protection film was fabricated using a brass-based metallic mold and a PDMS/PUA-based soft mold. Subsequently, pre-structural patterned EMC was fabricated by transferring the patterned protection film onto a B-stage EMC film using a laminator. The effectiveness of patterning on EMC film was investigated in both numerical and experimental molding analysis according to rheological, chemical, and thermomechanical characterization. The pre-structural patterning approach demonstrated enhanced flow characteristics via a shortened flow path despite the increased viscosity caused by higher silica content.

Fabrication of low aspect ratio solid-state pores from sub-micron to microscales utilizing crossing blades

This article introduces a novel method for fabricating low aspect ratio pores in various sizes, from sub-micron to microscales. This technique utilizes the intersection of two collided blades as a soft lithography mold. The theoretical details of the fabrication method, including the pore’s shape and geometrical parameters, were inspected, modeled, and discussed. Multiple mechanical and electrochemical measurements were performed to characterize the fabricated pores. Pore fabrication results showed that a wide range of pore sizes, from 350 nanometers to more than 30 micrometers, can be constructed by employing this method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) implied that the blades-intrusion pores have the same electrochemical behavior as the ones on 2D materials. Meanwhile, the durability of the fabricated pores against the pressure of two bars ensures great mechanical stability of these pores. Fabricated pores with sizes of 2.3 µm and 20 µm were successfully employed as sensing gates in resistive pulse sensing (RPS) for detecting polystyrene beads of 600 nm, 1 µm, and 2 µm in diameter and downsized yeast cells, respectively. A distinct scatter of pulses of different particle sizes in the pulse amplitude-width plane verified the blades-intrusion pore’s capability as a sensing gate.

Fabrication of Large-Area Nanostructures Using Cross-Nanoimprint Strategy.

Nanostructures with sufficiently large areas are necessary for the development of practical devices. Current efforts to fabricate large-area nanostructures using step-and-repeat nanoimprint lithography, however, result in either wide seams or low efficiency due to ultraviolet light leakage and the overflow of imprint resin. In this study, we propose an efficient method for large-area nanostructure fabrication using step-and-repeat nanoimprint lithography with a composite mold. The composite mold consists of a quartz support layer, a soft polydimethylsiloxane buffer layer, and multiple intermediate polymer stamps arranged in a cross pattern. The distance between the adjacent stamp pattern areas is equal to the width of the pattern area. This design combines the high imprinting precision of hard molds with the uniform large-area imprinting offered by soft molds. In this experiment, we utilized a composite mold consisting of three sub-molds combined with a cross-nanoimprint strategy to create large-area nanostructures measuring 5 mm × 30 mm on a silicon substrate, with the minimum linewidth of the structure being 100 nm. Compared with traditional step-and-flash nanoimprint lithography, the present method enhances manufacturing efficiency and generates large-area patterns with seam errors only at the micron level. This research could help advance micro-nano optics, flexible electronics, optical communication, and biomedicine studies.

Freeze‐Casting of Arbitrary‐Shaped Porous Ceramics

Porous ceramics hold the great potential in the field such as bone tissue engineering, superinsulation material, and energy storage. However, it is quite challenging to fabricate them with arbitrary shape using conventional processes. Herein, a method to fabricate arbitrary‐shaped porous ceramic structure is presented by combining traditional freeze‐casting process and indirect three‐dimensional printing technology. Various polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft molds are prepared for freeze‐casting, and diverse‐shaped porous ceramics are fabricated. It proves that PDMS molds are ideal choices for freeze‐casting of porous ceramics with complex geometries. The freeze‐casting process of a complex‐shaped model with PDMS is simulated by finite element analysis. The effect of the solid loading of the alumina suspension on the microstructure and compressive strength of the as‐fabricated porous ceramics are investigated. The present study provides a strategy to fabricate complex‐shaped porous ceramic structure that can be used in a wide variety of applications.

Poisson Effect‐Assisted Replication Lithography for Rapid Fabrication of Three‐Dimensional Microstructures

Demands for micro‐ and nano‐fabrication techniques have been increasing over recent decades due to their foundational importance in fields such as electronics, sensors, displays, biotechnologies, and energy technologies. Still, the rapid and efficient fabrication of complex 3D microstructures has long been a challenge due to the inherent limitations of conventional imprint lithography and the slow fabrication speed of maskless lithography systems using femtosecond lasers. This study introduces a novel lithographic replication method for the rapid replication of intricate 3D microstructures with closed‐loops by leveraging the Poisson effect‐driven lateral deformation of soft molds. Specifically, the suggested technique employs an elastomeric soft mold, engraved with negative cavity parts of the target structure separated by intentional gaps. Lateral deformation of the material allows the separated cavities to assemble for replication of target microstructure and defectless release from the soft mold. In addition to the experimental demonstrations of the proposed method using well‐known materials like polydimethysliloxane (PDMS) for the soft mold and UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) for replication, essential considerations such as material selection and master mold design are discussed. The presented method not only broadens the capabilities of imprint lithographic techniques but also holds promise for the large scale, continuous fabrication of complex 3D microstructures.

Assessment and Characteristics of Molding Masses Based on Loam during Production Soft Molded Ceramic Brick

опThe article discusses the issues of assessing the properties of loams and selecting the composition of molding compounds based on them for the production of ceramic bricks using the soft molding method. It is noted that for soft molding technology, to date, no recommendations have been developed for the evaluation of raw materials with the establishment of relationships between the composition, technological properties, molding features and aesthetic features of the front edges of products. According to technological features, the method of soft molding of ceramic bricks is conventionally divided into 4 methods: manual molding, accelerated molding, pressing method and vibration molding method. The results of our work made it possible to identify the main indicators when assessing clay raw materials and to develop the basic principles for selecting the composition of molding masses. Thus, the critical compression stress and the degree of deformation of the workpieces should be on average 0.2–0.8 kg/cm2 and 3–5 units, respectively. In this case, the molding masses should have the minimum possible water content and stickiness, have minimal air shrinkage (less than 6–7%), and be slightly or moderately sensitive to drying. An algorithm has been developed for selecting molding compounds, including determination, in addition to generally accepted indicators, such as the degree of deformation and critical compressive stress at different water contents, specific penetration resistance, determination of the optimal electrolyte content, and stickiness. For typical loams, the dependences of the degree of deformation of the samples and the critical compressive stress on the water content of the molding masses are shown, as well as the influence of electrolytes on the water content. It has been shown that the introduction of electrolytes can significantly reduce the water content of molding masses. It is noted that the genesis of loams, their variable composition and the frequent presence of undesirable harmful impurities predetermined the situation that high-quality loams that meet the necessary requirements are quite rare and the only alternative can be the selection of compositions of molding compounds based on correct scientific and methodological

Development of a vision-based tactile sensor with micro suction cups

Tactile sensors capable of measuring contact force distribution are being actively developed for complex manipulation by robotic hands. In recent years, vision-based tactile sensors that estimate contact conditions by observing elastomer deformation with a camera from the backside and analyzing the images have attracted much attention. In the general marker displacement method using a single camera, it is difficult to estimate the contact force in the normal direction with high resolution. By applying a microstructure array (micro suction cup array) to the surface of the elastomer that is in contact with the object, the micro suction cups are deformed by the contact force. A device was fabricated that can estimate the normal contact force to each suction cup from this deformation images using machine learning. The device can vacuum a micro suction cup array and capture its deformation from the backside. The micro suction cup array (2×2) was fabricated by transferring a master mold fabricated on a high-resolution optical fabrication 3D printer onto polydimethylsiloxane. It was shown that UV nanoimprinting with soft molds can be used to fabricate large-area micro suction cup arrays relatively easily. A regression CNN model was created to estimate the normal force applied to each suction cup from the deformation image. An average error between the measured and estimated value was 21 mN, which was sufficient for the accuracy of the estimation.

Nature‐Inspired Directional Microneedle Structures for Reversible Gripping on Skin and Fibrous Materials

Plants such as Galium aparine show directional gripping to various surfaces because of their microscale hook structures. A bio‐inspired artificial version of microhooks holds potential as a bidirectional, reversible, and reusable dry adhesive for soft, wet, or fibrous substrates such as skin or textiles. However, current methods for fabricating 3D structures are often costly, time‐consuming, or require precise alignment steps. Herein, a facile, cost‐effective, scalable, and unconventional microfabrication technique is proposed using tilted photolithography on a rotary stage and shear molding to fabricate a soft polydimethylsiloxane polymer mold containing the inverse replica of directional microneedle structures. To demonstrate the proof‐of‐concept, polyurethane is then added to the mold to obtain directional microneedles, referred to as microhooks. Friction force measurements using a nanotribometer show anisotropic performance (strong attachment in one direction and easy detachment in the opposite direction over multiple cycles) similar to the natural microhooks. Tribological characterization of the microhooks shows a gripping force 2.25 times greater than the sliding force. The fabricated microhook structures also provide an adhesion force of ≈0.62 N cm−2 to artificial skin. This biomimetic approach promises precise adhesion control and material versatility for attaching wearable devices and patches to the skin in biomedical applications.

Liquid crystalline elastomer self-oscillating fiber actuators fabricated from soft tubular molds.

The self-oscillation of objects that perform continuous and periodic motions upon unchanging and constant stimuli is highly important for intelligent actuators, advanced robotics, and biomedical machines. Liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) materials are superior to traditional stimuli-responsive polymeric materials in the development of self-oscillators because of their reversible, large and anisotropic shape-changing ability, fast response ability and versatile structural design. In addition, fiber-shaped oscillators have attracted much interest due to their agility, flexibility and diverse oscillation modes. Herein, we present a strategy for fabricating fiber-shaped LCE self-oscillators using soft tubes as molds. Through the settlement of different configuration states of the soft tubes, the prepared fiber-shaped LCE oscillators can perform continuous rotational self-oscillation or up-and-down shifting self-oscillation under constant light stimuli, which are realized by photoinduced repetitive self-winding motion and self-waving motion, respectively. The mechanism of self-oscillating movements is attributed to the local temperature oscillation of LCE fibers caused by repetitive self-shadowing effects. LCE self-oscillators can operate stably over many oscillating cycles without obvious performance attenuation, revealing good robustness. Our work offers a versatile way by which LCE self-oscillators can be conveniently designed and fabricated in bulk and at low cost, and broadens the road for developing self-oscillating materials for biological robotics and health care machines.

Large aspect ratio microscale 1–3 piezoelectric arrays prepared by soft mold combined with UV curing

1-3 piezoelectric composites, as materials with integrated structural/functional characteristics, are typically used to manufacture ultrasonic transducers. As a core sensitive element, the structural dimensions as well as the molding quality of the 1–3 piezoelectric array, will directly affect the transducer's operating performance. In this paper, an improved soft mold process is proposed to prepare lead zirconate titanate (PZT) microscale 1–3 piezoelectric arrays by a soft mold combined with UV curing process. Firstly, the rheological behavior of PZT ceramic suspension and the preparation process of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft mold were studied. The surface contact angle of the Si master mold modified by trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was significantly increased, facilitating the peeling of the PDMS soft mold from the Si master mold surface, thus improving the surface quality of the PDMS soft mold. Then, the sintering process, microstructure, and electrical properties of microscale 1–3 piezoelectric arrays were systematically investigated. The perpendicularity and integrity of the piezoelectric arrays were improved by an optimized sintering process, and the arrays had micropillar diameters as small as 8 μm and aspect ratios over 7.5. The electrical properties of the piezoelectric composites with thicknesses of 55 μm and 42 μm were analyzed to obtain their resonant frequencies fs of 33.8 MHz and 41.3 MHz, respectively. The developed novel soft mold process can realize the preparation of microscale 1–3 piezoelectric arrays with fine structure and large aspect ratios, which are expected to fabricate high-frequency ultrasonic transducers.

VASCULAR ARTERY SIMULATION MODEL FABRICATION FOR PRE-SURGERY KIT FOR STENT APPLICATION THROUGH 3D PRINTING

Thrombosis occurs of a blood clot in the vein and blocking blood flow. The formation of a clot within the artery is called arterial thrombosis. Due to arterial thrombosis, there are heart attacks and strokes that result in more than 17.9 million deaths worldwide each year. Covid-19, one of today's problems, further increases the mortality rate. The thrombosis mechanism includes factors coming from the blood and the vessel wall. This mechanism is based on local blood flow mechanisms and 3-dimensional (3D) vessel geometry. Microfluidics chip-based vascular models examine the interaction between blood and the vessel wall in vitro studies in thrombosis. Until now, the 3-dimensional geometry of the arteries and blood flow system of healthy or unhealthy individuals have not been fully modeled. In this study, a patient-specific occluded blood vessel model was obtained from computed tomography angiography (CTA) data, and miniature vascular structures were developed with a 3D printer. These structures were printed using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). 3D ABS samples were used in Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based soft lithography molds to occur microfluidic systems containing miniaturized replicas of in vivo vessel geometries. A comprehensive simulation of stented vasculature was performed by flow analysis of artificial blood and cell culture by placing a commercial stent on PDMS-based models. This project has aimed to develop and characterize modules by creating microfluidic systems using 3D printers to examine the effects of stents placed in the patient's complex vascular system and to simulate operations before treatment and stent placement.

The first hadrosaurid trackway from the horseshoe canyon formation (campanian/maastrichtian) of Alberta, Canada

The Horseshoe Canyon Formation has provided a wealth of vertebrate skeletal fossils over the past 100 years of collection. Vertebrate trace fossils such as footprints and trackways, however, have been markedly underrepresented. Trackways can provide a wealth of information regarding behaviour and soft tissues reflective of autopodial anatomy. Discovery of several giant, high-fidelity ichnites in series from the Morrin Member represents the first definitive dinosaur trackway reported from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation. The trackway is composed of three footprint casts in series, alongside 22 associated ichnites. The ichnites were formed in soft sediment molds along a non-uniform walking surface. The deep substrates allowed for the preservation of both the plantar surface and dorsal components of the trackmakers’ feet. Some ichnites show soft tissue morphologies like interdigital webbing, toe pads, and skin impressions. Presence of these features and small kidney-shaped forelimb prints allow referral to Hadrosauropodus langstoni. The preservation of the trackway demonstrates asymmetries useful for comparison of the relief and impression surfaces of prints using both discrete and morphometric characteristics, improving confidence in identifying partial or isolated Hadrosauropodus prints of various modes of formation.

Cost‐effective fast prototyping using a dry film photoresist for micromixers towards point‐of‐care devices

AbstractThis paper deals with a novel structure of serpentine micromixer with its high mixing efficiency and its fabrication of soft photolithography molds using dry film photoresist as an alternative to the conventional liquid photoresist, such as SU‐8. This method provides simplification, significant time‐savings, low cost due to non‐cleanroom setting and less toxic developer solution. In this paper, the design, simulation, fabrication and experimental analysis of the passive micromixers have been presented. The mixing efficiency of the chip was implemented by using of micro‐barrier structure along its meander microchannel. The serpentine structures with and without embedded grooves on their micro sidewalls were designed and compared together in order to prove good mixing performance. Experimental measurements were introduced using white and green food dyes as the mixing fluids. The mixing efficiencies of micromixers were determined and compared in the analytical model and the mixing test. It was found that grooved structures significantly enhanced the performance of the serpentine micromixers due to induce perturbations in the flow field. By optimizing the design of the serpentine micromixers equipped with embedded grooves under its simple fabrication method making this study a promising solution for a wide variety of application.

Buccal mucosa graft vaginoplasty: A viable option demonstrated step-by-step

Persistent cloaca, defined as confluence of the rectum, the vagina and the urethra into a single common channel, has an estimated incidence of 1/50,000 live births. We describe the buccal mucosa graft vaginoplasty for a 11 year old female with cloaca, who underwent at the age of 11 months a Peña repair. We performed the vaginoplasty after the onset of uterine pain due to the beginning of menstruation. We accessed the lower lip for superficial dissection to harvest the graft. The donor site has been kept with as much submucosal fat as possible to avoid damage to the buccinatoria muscles. A second graft was further obtained from the cheek. Both grafts were submitted to multiple small sections to produce a mesh graft and increase its size. A arciform incision anterior to the anal canal and posterior to the urethra was performed followed by consecutive dissection with eletrocautery to gain profundity. The mesh-graft was placed over the neovaginal cavity and sutured with 4.0 PDS monofilament suture used to suture and then quilt the graft in place. The vaginal capacity was confirmed by ease of a two-digit insertion. Haemostasis was confirmed before the insertion of a soft vaginal mold. The patient remained with an indwelling urinary catheter. The mold was equivalent to 24Fr and had 13cm of profundity and Foley tube were removed after 14 days postoperatively. Patient had an excellent postoperative course and had been instructed to perform vaginal dilatation every 3h during the day. Current follow up is 10 months. Buccal mucosal grafting has advantages over the use of keratinized skin flaps and intestinal flaps. Buccal mucosa is ideal for female genital reconstruction, given its color, texture, lack of hair and mild mucous production. In our particular case, we connected the neovagina after two months of adequate healing to the native 1⁄3 through laparoscopic approach. BMG vaginoplasty is a viable alternative to treat females with cloaca at adolescence.

Conformal 3D Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing for Large Moulds

Industrial engineering applications often require manufacturing large components in composite materials to obtain light structures; however, moulds are expensive, especially when manufacturing a limited batch of parts. On the one hand, when traditional approaches are carried out, moulds are milled from large slabs or laminated with composite materials on a model of the part to produce. In this case, the realisation of a mould leads to adding time-consuming operations to the manufacturing process. On the other hand, if a fully additively manufactured approach is chosen, the manufacturing time increases exponentially and does not match the market’s requirements. This research proposes a methodology to improve the production efficiency of large moulds using a hybrid technology by combining additive manufacturing and milling tools. A block of soft material such as foam is milled, and then the printing head of an additive manufacturing machine deposits several layers of plastic material or modelling clay using conformal three-dimensional paths. Finally, the mill can polish the surface, thus obtaining a mould of large dimensions quickly, with reduced cost and without needing trained personnel and handcraft polishing. A software tool has been developed to modify the G-code read by an additive manufacturing machine to obtain material deposition over the soft mould. The authors forced conventional machining instructions to match those of an AM machine. Thus, additive deposition of new material uses 3D conformal trajectories typical of CNC machines. Consequently, communication between two very different instruments using the same language is possible. At first, the code was tested on a modified Fused Filament Fabrication machine whose firmware has been adapted to manage a milling tool and a printing head. Then, the software was tested on a large machine suitable for producing moulds for the large parts typical of marine and aerospace engineering. The research demonstrates that AM technologies can integrate conventional machinery to support the composite materials industry when large parts are required.

Manufacture and Analysis of Large Size I-shaped Composite Enclosed Beam

This paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the large-size I-shaped composite material closed beam, and explores the molding process plan, molding die design, curing stress-deformation prediction analysis, internal quality control, and product dimensional accuracy control. The results show that the use of the rigid mold positioning of the shape and the combination of soft mold and hard mold on the outer surface of the wing plate can improve the internal molding quality of the part. Thermal-chemical simulation calculation and curing stress-deformation prediction analysis can accurately predict product curing. For the deformed state in the process, a special process layer is designed for specific parts of the product, which solves the problem of deformation of the closed part after curing. The developed and formed multi-piece products have good internal molding quality, the shape and position and dimension accuracy of the products are controlled within the allowable range, and the mechanical properties of the furnace test pieces meet the design requirements.