Soft Grains Research Articles

Modifications in micro-structural, optical, and electrical properties of polycrystalline α-Al2O3 by 100 MeV Ag9+ ion beam irradiation

We report the modifications of lattice structure, optical and electrical properties of α-Al2O3 by 100 MeV Ag9+ ion beam irradiation with fluences in the range of 1 × 1011 -1 × 1013 ions/cm2. X-ray diffraction patterns have confirmed the polycrystalline form of rhombohedral structure (space group R-3c) for both pristine and irradiated samples. The Raman active phonon-modes of the pristine sample gradually disappeared with the increase of fluence. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic images indicated a transformation of the surface morphology from a distinct and layered-type grain structure in pristine sample to a soft layered-type grain structure in the irradiated sample of highest infuence. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis confirmed elemental composition of the irradiated samples close to nominal value of pristine sample. The X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed chemical state modification at the surface of irradiated samples, where a fraction of the Al–O bonds has reduced into metallic Al state. The electrical conductivity in irradiated samples has been enhanced and showed thermal irreversibility where the conductivity in the cooling mode is smaller than that in the warming mode. The optical band gap and activation energy for the electronic transition from valence band to conduction band of α-Al2O3 have been affected by Ag9+ ion beam irradiation.

Novel isotropic mechanical properties of laser powder-bed fusion Sc/Zr modified Al alloy

To explore the mechanical anisotropy of high-strength Al alloys for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing, the Al–Mn–Mg-Sc-Zr alloys were built along X, Y, Z axial and 45° directions by LPBF subjecting to a series of different heat treatments. All the printed and heat treated components displayed a columnar/equiaxed bimodal microstructure, where the secondary Al6Mn and nano-size Al3Sc precipitates ubiquitously dispersed in the columnar and equiaxed grain regions, respectively. The Al–Mn–Mg-Sc-Zr alloy exhibited a continuous strength increase from 453 MPa to 577 MPa after the heat treatment through the synergistic effect of the solid solution strengthening, grain boundary strengthening and Orowan dislocations strengthening from Al6Mn as well as Al3Sc precipitates. But its ductility suffered from a decrease from 14.1% to 2.3%. Especially, the optimal collaboration between hard equiaxed grain and soft columnar grain contributed to the mechanical properties isotropy of the printed and heat-treated alloy components along different tensile directions with strength difference only 1.3–2%. Thus, the synergetic effects of hierarchical bimodal microstructure and secondary precipitations could provide the effective avenues to tune the mechanical property and anisotropy of LPBF Al alloys.

Historical stages of creation of soft winter wheat varieties in NSC «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences»

Aim. Solving the tasks of creating a variety of soft winter wheat at each stage of the historical development of the programs is impossible without an appropriate theoretical generalization of increasing yield, improving the resistance of the best candidate varieties to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, reproducing valuable economic traits and selecting plants with high performance grain quality. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. At each stage of the research, varieties with higher yield and economic value were created using different methods in the selection process. Selection and hybridization methods are characteristic for the I-II stage. From the III-VI stage, an unconventional method of injecting soft winter wheat grains with the endosperm of winter rye was started, as a result of which the Poliska 70 and Poliska 90 wheat varieties were created. The method of chemical mutagenesis was expanded. Included in the hybridization Wheat-sedge hybrid (PPG). Thanks to PPG, at the VIII stage, the varieties Pam’yati Girka, Spivanka Poliska were created. At the VII stage, ecological research was launched not only in the Polissia zone, but also in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, and the method of thermal mutagenesis was used. At the VIII-IX stages, Romanivna and Zaotar varieties were created using this method. Pyryatinka, Lubito. With a combination of thermal mutagenesis and hybridization of Osyaina and Zemlerob varieties. The IX (military) stage is characterized by sowing without fertilizers and without the use of insecticides and fungicides. Conclusions. The best varieties of soft winter wheat of the competitive variety test according to yield in the selective crop rotation of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences» − Kraevyd, Myrolyubna, Krasunya Poliska, Kesaria Poliska, Efectna, Namysto, Merezhka, Vodogray, Presygna, Spivanka Poliska, Fortsia Poliska, Pyryatinka, Mokosha, Zemlerob, Lubito. On the breeding base Kopylyv proved themselves better − Polysyanka, Vodogray, Romanivna, Namisto, Kraevyd, Prestighna, Rusyava. At the Panfilsk research station – Myrolyubna, Kesaria Poliska, Merezhka, Pamiati Girka, Polysyanka, Kraevyd, Vodogray, Zmelerob. At the Cherkasy research station (the village of Kholodnyanske, Cherkasy district and the village of Drabovo-Boryatynske, Zolotonsky district) Poliska Fortress, Kesaria Poliska, Polysyanka, Kraevyd, Poliska Spivanka.

Spelt Grain Use in the Technology of Grain Bread of Increased Nutritional Value

The range diversification of new generation products with increased nutritional value has been an urgent problem of the bakery industry for many years. The research aim is to develop technological solutions for the spelt grain “Runo” use in the bread technology of increased nutritional value with high quality indicators. The thesis presents a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of spelt Triticum dicoccum (Schrank.) Schuebl grain of the “Runo” variety grown in the Oryol region and soft wheat grain. The authors revealed the high content of proteins (14.5 %) in the spelt, characterized by a balanced amino acid composition, dietary fiber (5.2 %), minerals (2.1 %). They run the technological potential evaluation of spelt grain according to the raw gluten content and quality and the drops number. There were a slight decrease in the amount of raw gluten (by 1.0 %) and deterioration of its elastic properties (transition to the “unsatisfactorily weak” group) at the stage of grain preparation (soaking process). A man developed technological solu tions for the whole-grain bread production from spelt: suggested ascorbic acid solution (0.005 %) use to level out changes in the protein-proteinase complex of spelt grain during soaking; introduced soy lecithin in the aqueous fat emulsion form into the bread formula tion to improve the grain bread quality and preserve products freshness for a longer time. The researchers determined rational dosages of lecithin (0.5–1 % by grain weight), which introduction contributed to an increase in the grain bread porosity by 6 % and the specific volume by 5 % compared with the control.

Mechanical and Fluid Flow Behavior of Granular Mixtures in Response to Intraporous Grain Contents

The behavior of diatom mixtures is different from that of classical geomaterials because of their intraporous characteristics. This study aims to investigate the mechanical and fluid flow behaviors of sand-diatom mixtures; sand-diatom mixtures were prepared with various diatom contents DC = 0%, 2%, 5%, and 20%, and they were remolded (70 mm diameter and 140 mm height) for consolidated-drained triaxial tests. For fluid-flow behavior, the extracted hydraulic conductivity data were analyzed using a gravimetric-volumetric framework. The test results showed that dilatancy arises during shear when the confining stress and diatom content are low. Even 2% addition of a diatom significantly decreased the shear strength because of the softer diatom particles. For hydraulic conductivity, the extracted data and model capture the dramatic decrease at low diatom content although the model overestimates the hydraulic conductivity at diatom content DC > 30%. The overlapped functions indicate that 50% reduction takes place at diatom content DC ≈ 10% for shear strength and diatom content DC ≈ 2% hydraulic conductivity when the extracted data are normalized. Consequently, diatoms represented by the soft grain property and intraporous grain lead to distinct influences on the mechanical and fluid flow properties.

Elucidating the deformation behavior of as-cast B2 CoTi intermetallic using in-situ tensile testing

This study deals with microstructural aspects of the deformation behavior of as-cast homogenized CoTi intermetallic by using in-situ tensile testing coupled with EBSD analysis. CoTi exhibits excellent wear resistance and noticeable room temperature ductility. Therefore, it is commonly used as coating material or a reinforcing phase in superalloys. In-situ study of this intermetallic is pertinent as it will provide information about the microstructural evolution during deformation under tensile loading. During the initial stage of deformation, the plastic strain localization was observed to occur at softer grains due to the activation of {011}⟨100⟩ slip systems, which resulted in the accumulation of GNDs and increase in fLAGBs (fraction of low angle grain boundaries). However, fLAGBs did not increase significantly at higher strains. In addition, the contribution of texture towards deformation behavior was found to be weak. The intermetallic exhibited a mixed-mode failure, where both transgranular and intergranular features were observed on the fracture surface. A slightly higher strain to failure in the intermetallic has been attributed to both the increase in the GNDs density at the initial stage of deformation and increase in SSDs at the later stage of deformation, leading to strain hardening.

Achieving high ductility and low in-plane anisotropy in magnesium alloy through a novel texture design strategy

Texture regulation is a prominent method to modify the mechanical properties and anisotropy of magnesium alloy. In this work, the Mg-1Al-0.3Ca-0.5Mn-0.2Gd (wt.%) alloy sheet with TD-tilted and circular texture was fabricated by unidirectional rolling (UR) and multidirectional rolling (MR) method, respectively. Unlike generating a strong in-plane mechanical anisotropy in conventional TD-tilted texture, the novel circular texture sample possessed a weak in-plane yield anisotropy. This can be rationalized by the similar proportion of soft grains with favorable orientation for basal <a> slip and {101¯2} tensile twinning during the uniaxial tension of circular-texture sample along different directions. Moreover, compared with the TD-tilted texture, the circular texture improved the elongation to failure both along the rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD). By quasi-in-situ EBSD-assisted slip trace analysis, higher activation of basal slip was observed in the circular-texture sample during RD tension, contributing to its excellent ductility. When loading along the TD, the TD-tilted texture promoted the activation of {101¯2} tensile twins significantly, thus providing nucleation sites for cracks and deteriorating the ductility. This research may shed new insights into the development of formable and ductile Mg alloy sheets by texture modification.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE TREATMENT OF IMPULSE PRESSURE ON LIPID PEROXIDATION AND THE CONTENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN WHEAT GRAINS DURING AGING

Background. The aging of seeds results in physiological and biochemical changes such as decrease of the activity of antioxidants (AO), and structural and functional degradation of proteins due to lipid peroxidation (LP), as well as degradation of membranes and DNA.&#x0D; Purpose. Identification of the traits of the antioxidant system of wheat grains with powdery and vitreous endosperm during aging and under the influence of a stressor.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Soft wheat grains were treated with impulse pressure (IP) and stored for 3 years. Germination was determined. The content AO was determined by the o-phenanthroline method, and LP products were assessed by the reaction of malonic dialdehyde with thiobarbituric acid.&#x0D; Results. Germination of control seeds with powdery endosperm after storage for 3 years was the lowest (20%). In control part of seeds with vitreous endosperm, germination was 27%. ID increased the amount of seeds with vitreous endosperm and germination. The content of AO in control grains with powdery endosperm was higher than in vitreous grains, and the content of LP products was lower. After the treatment of IP the content of AO increased in vitreous grains; it did not change as compared to the control in powdery grains. The content of LP products in the grains treated with ID 11 MPa was lower than in the control variant. An increase in POL at ID 29 MPa indicates the accumulation of damage;&#x0D; Conclusion. During the storage of wheat grains, germination decreased mainly due to the appearance of dead grains. The greatest decrease in germination was observed in grains with powdery endosperm. IP promoted vitrification of biopolymers which led to an increase in germination as compared to the control after 3 years of storage. A higher content of AO in grains with vitreous endosperm after IP treatment and storage contributed to the preservation of grain viability during storage.

Field studies of the operation of the combined coulter

The need to improve the working bodies of sowing machines is determined by the variety of physical and mechanical properties of seeds of agricultural crops, the complexity and methods of their sowing, as well as the requirements of agricultural technologies and the difference in soil and climatic conditions. A coulter design has been developed for the technology of resource-saving agriculture, which allows sowing grain crops with simultaneous application of granular mineral fertilizers below the seeding level. A set of coulters was made in relation to the seeder-cultivator SKP-2.1. In the fields of the Omsk ANC for three years from 2019 to 2021, field experiments were conducted to determine the quality and yield of spring soft wheat grain "Omsk 36", depending on the method of applying mineral fertilizers. When installing a set of developed coulters, the index "M" - UPC-2.1M was added to the name of the seeder. The results of the average yield and grain quality according to the conducted research options are presented by year. It was found that on plots where sowing was carried out by the developed design of coulters, on average, the yield increase was 11% or 0.3 t/ha, compared with sowing by mass-produced lancet coulters. The maximum yield increase of 16% or 0.4 t/ha is noted on the sowing variants with the UPC-2 seeder.1M with mineral fertilizer application rates of 150 and 200 kg/ha in physical weight. The largest mass of 1000 grains is 35.7 g., obtained on a plot sown with a seeder SKP-2.1M with fertilization of 150 kg/ha. On the same variant, on average for three years, the highest gluten content of 29.8%, as well as protein of 15.05%, is noted. The smallest mass of 1000 grains is 34.1 g., on the UPC-2.1 sowing variant without fertilization. The lack of fertilization in this variant affected the reduction of gluten to 27.4% and protein to 13.98% on average over three years.

Coercivity Mechanism and Magnetization Reversal Process in Nanocomposite Pr2Fe14B/α‐Fe Alloy with Phosphorous Addition

An investigation is conducted for the coercivity mechanism in as‐spun Pr2Fe14B/α‐Fe ribbons containing different phosphorus (P) prepared at a wheel speed of 30 ms−1. With the increase of P addition, the volume of the amorphous phase in the ribbons is increased, and the grain size of Pr2Fe14B is decreased. The hysteresis loops of the ribbons with 0.1 at% P exhibit a homogeneous magnetization reversal process similar to single‐phase magnet, demonstrating that soft magnetic grains are fully coupled with the hard ones. The highest coercivity of 12.0 kOe (300 K)–38.0 kOe (100 K) is achieved in the ribbon with 0.3 at% P‐addition, which shows weak exchange coupling interaction between grains, and the high coercivity comes mainly from the decoupled hard phase. The values of the microstructure parameter in all compositions are less than 0.3 and imply that the main coercivity mechanism is the mixture of the nucleation of reverse domain and domain wall pinning. The minor hysteresis loops and initial magnetization curves show the dominant domain wall pinning in the ribbon with 0–0.1 at% P, nucleation and pinning in the ribbon with 0.3 at% P, and dominant domain nucleation in the ribbon with 0.5 at% P.

Phenotypic differences in the appearance of soft rice and its endosperm structural basis.

In view of the significant differences among genotypes in the appearance of soft rice, it is necessary to conduct research on the differences in the appearance quality of soft rice and their mechanisms. It can provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of superior appearance varieties at a later stage. In order to clarify the differences in appearance phenotypes between different soft rice genotypes and structural basis of endosperm structures behind the differences, four soft rice varieties were selected in this study, including two varieties with good-appearance and two varieties with cloudy appearance. The differences in appearance phenotypes and endosperm structure in mature grains of soft rice with different appearance phenotypes were scientifically analyzed. The development process of their endosperm differences at the filling stage was investigated. The results show that the difference in the rice appearance of soft rice varieties mainly lay in the chalk-free seed transparency and chalkiness. These differences were caused by two completely different types of endosperm structure. Fewer and smaller starch grain cavities were responsible for higher chalk-free transparency of soft rice grains, denser starch granules arrangement caused lower chalkiness of soft rice grains. Ten days after flowering, the starch granules in the back and heart of good-appearance soft rice were already significantly fuller and more closely packed than those of cloudy soft rice. At the same time, the number and area of starch granule holes were significantly smaller than those of cloudy soft rice. This difference gradually increased until maturity. Therefore, based on appearance evaluation, soft rice with good-appearance should have higher transparency and lower chalkiness. The endosperm starch granules should be full and tightly arranged. The number of starch grain cavities and the area should be smaller. These differences develop in the early stages of grouting and gradually increase.

Karakteristik dan Distribusi Spasial Bahan Organik Pada Sedimen Dasar Perairan Teluk Pacitan Jawa Timur

Pacitan Bay is one of the semi-enclosed waters on East Java's south coast. This area is well-known for having a large fishing port as well as a beach tourism area. The dynamics of Pacitan Bay's waters due to the influence of currents, waves, and the input of water masses from the mainland are thought to affect the characteristics of the waters' bottom sediments. The objective of this study was to map the characteristics of bottom sediments and the distribution of organic substance. This research also analyzed the relationship between sediment characteristics and the concentration of organic subtance in the sediment. The sediment's characteristics were determined using granulometric analysis, and the organic matter content was determined using the Loss of Ignition (LOI) method. The analysis results show that sandy substrates dominate the bottom sediments of Pacitan Bay by an average of 82.22%. The distribution of sandy substrate dominates the bay's north and west. Distance from the shoreline has a significant effect on organic subtance distribution (One Way ANOVA, F = 6.05; p 0.05). The organic matter content of sediments dominated by sand is lower (R2 = 0.76) compared to substrates with softer grain size (silt or mud) and tighter pores, making organic matter efficient to precipitate.

Dependence of soft wheat grain yield on unstable soil moisture

The purpose of the study is to establish the influence of precursors, fertilizers and reserves of productive moisture during the growing season on the yield of spring soft wheat in the arid conditions of the Southern Urals. Field experiments are conducted for the first time from 2002 to 2021 on nine sowing options (for hard, corn, millet, sorghum, peas) of soft wheat in crop rotations and permanent sowing on the chernozems of the southern Orenburg region. The research is conducted using the field, thermostatic-weight method and multiple regression analysis is used. In the fifth (millet) and seventh (pea) variants, the maximum amount of spring moisture is 44.4; 43.1 mm and 136.4; 142.7 mm in soil layers 0-30; 0-100 cm. The same highest yield is observed for millet and pea precursors on the background of 0.89 t with nitroammophos and 0.82 t/ha without fertilizers. The best grain gain from mineral fertilizers was obtained by 0.12 tons for durum wheat (the eighth option) in a double-field crop rotation. In the third variant (for durum wheat), the maximum effect of moisture on grain yield in the soil layer of 0-30, 0-100 cm is determined and ranges from 22.60 to 39.83% with a significance criterion of 0.002-0.03 units. Basically, the formation of soft wheat grains of 0.81 and 0.73 t / ha occurs due to moisture consumption of 28.8; 87.4 mm. The best influence of precursors, mineral fertilizers and productive moisture reserves on the yield of soft wheat grain after cultivation of durum wheat, millet and peas in crop rotations has been revealed.

Remote sensing crop group-specific indicators to support regional yield forecasting in Europe

Operational crop yield forecasting services typically provides crop yield forecasts based on regression models between official yields and agro-environmental variables, among which meteorological data, crop simulation model or satellite-derived indicators. The reliability with which these variables infer on yields depends, among many other factors, also on their aggregation in the space domain, for example on the type of the crop masks utilized in the aggregation process from point to regional scale. This work investigates how the yield explanatory power of satellite-derived indicators is changing moving from time-stable arable land masks to annual crop group-specific masks. We compare in particular the linkage between time series of regional crop yield in Europe and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), when generic arable land masks or crop group-specific and year-specific information are applied to aggregate pixel values at regional level. Regional (Eurostat level NUTS-2) crop yield statistics were collected from official databases for the period 2003–2019, while NDVI data were derived from MODIS daily products at 250 m spatial resolution for the same reference period. Regional NDVI profiles were retrieved by averaging single pixels time series according to the information of five crop masks, including generic arable land masks, crop group-specific static masks (separating winter and spring crops from summer crops), and annual crop group-specific masks (distinguishing between the two crop groups and varying in time). A compared correlation analysis between yield data and regional temporal NDVI profiles was performed assuming a linear regression model. Coefficient of determination R2 and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) were computed to assess the models’ errors and to analyze the effect of the aggregation on the different crop masks. Results indicated an improvement in yield estimation when using annual crop group-specific indicators with respect to generic and static products. Although not homogeneously distributed throughout Europe, advantages have been highlighted both in terms of accuracy and timeliness of the prediction. In most regions, the introduction of annual masks allowed to reduce RMSE values by 0.3 t/ha and advanced forecast times by up to 30 days. The added value in the use of annual crop group-specific masks concerned the two European most cultivated crops, namely soft wheat and grain maize.

Role of slip and twinning on strain hardening, and correlation with geometric hardening, latent hardening, and grain boundary strengthening in Titanium

This work investigates the role of slip & twinning on the strain hardening in Titanium (Ti) that develops profound {101¯2}<101¯1¯> extension twins (ET) during compression. The microstructure and texture evolution studies were carried out by ex-situ electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) at intermittent strains. The strain hardening could be catagorized into multiple plastic deformation stages governed by twin-induced geometrical hardening & softening, intrinsic latent hardening, and grain boundary strengthening. Crystal plasticity was applied to simulate the flow curve and texture evolution, thereby obtaining slip and twin activities. The initial axisymmetric {101¯0} - {112¯0} fiber texture was favourable for prismatic <a> slip and ET evolution on compression. ET nucleate till ε=0.10 and broadens to consume almost the entire microstructure up to ε=0.22. The ET reorient the microstructure to a geometrically hard orientation with c-axis ∼∥ to compression direction (CD) escalating the Taylor factor (M). The ET leads to sigmoidal flow behavior from ε=0.06 to 0.17, increasing SHR in stage II. The ET domains majorly deform by pyramidal <c+a> and basal slips, though having high shear strength, and produce {112¯7}−{101¯7} fiber texture from ε=0.1 to 0.69. Beyond ε=0.11, {112¯2}<112¯3¯> contraction twins (CT) also evolve inside ET-domains, consuming ∼0.29 of its fraction. The CT reorient the ET domains to a softer {112¯1}−{112¯2} fiber texture with a low M. The geometrically soft CT domains, latent hardening and grain fragmentation contribute toward flattening the strain hardening curve and decreasing SHR in stage III after ε=0.17.

Quality of winter soft wheat grain under the influence of repeated and intermediate sowing in cotton-grain rotation

Research work was carried out in 2017-2020 in a system of cotton-grain crop rotation on light gray soils of the Kashkadarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This article describes the results of the positive effect of root and crop residues of mash and corn sown as repeat crops, as well as the sowing of intermediate crops of perco, rye as a green fertilizer in the soil on the quality of soft wheat grain in the crop rotation system.Grain quality improved due to the impact of a re-crop of mung bean sown after winter wheat and an intercrop of perco in a cotton-grain rotation system. Qualitative indicators of grain from year to year decreased as a result of the chronic sowing of wheat.

Качество зерна яровой мягкой и твёрдой пшеницы в севооборотах Оренбургского Предуралья

Качество зерна яровой мягкой и твёрдой пшеницы в севооборотах Оренбургского Предуралья

Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Soft Winter Wheat (&lt;i&gt;Triticum aestivum&lt;/i&gt; L.) and Evaluation Methods

The review is devoted to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as one of the main problems faced by specialists in the field of genetics and selection of grain crops. Pre-harvest sprouting leads to a decrease in yields and economic losses. In the present work the internal and external factors which influence PHS grain crops as well as their interrelation, has been described. The characteristic for efficiency and featuresthe use of physiology-biochemical and molecular genetic methods to evaluate the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of soft wheat grain are given.

Variability and interrelation of the main breeding traits of the winter soft wheat quality

Wheat bread rightfully belongs to the greatest inventions of mankind. The concept of wheat quality is very capacious and includes a wide range of characteristics: physical, chemical, rheological and consumer, which are in complex relationships with each other. The main purpose of soft wheat is the manufacture of bakery products. In this regard, the actual task of science is the creation and introduction into production of new varieties with high baking properties. The purpose of the research is to study the variability and relationships of quality traits; identification of the best varieties for use in the breeding process. It was found that the most strongly varying features were the specific work of deformation of the dough (11.7%) and the coefficient of the ratio of dough elasticity to extensibility (23.5%). The results of a correlation analysis on the conjugation of the characteristics of the quality of grain, flour and baking properties are presented. The quality of bread significantly depended on the volumetric yield of bread (r=0.9118) and the specific work of dough deformation (r=0.5119). A significant positive, strong relationship was found between the content of protein and gluten in the grain (r=0.8471). New varieties and lines of winter soft wheat of intensive type, distinguished by a complex of studied traits: the new variety Privolye, lines 1518/18 and 1401/19, are recommended to be used in the breeding process aimed at improving the quality of winter soft wheat grain.

Türkiye’ye Ait Yerel Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşitlerinden Seçilen Saf Hatlar ile Bazı Tescilli Çeşitlerin Tane Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Bread wheat landraces are considered among important gene sources for quality breeding programs. This study aims to compare thousand kernel weight crude protein ratio, dry gluten ratio, grain hardness and zeleny sedimentation results of 20 bread wheat lines selected from landraces to 5 registered cultivars in order to determine future candidates for quality breeding programs. Field experiments were conducted in the consequent 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growing seasons in Çanakkale (Türkiye), according to randomized complete block design with three replications. ANOVA results indicated significant difference among genotypes, means were compared with Duncan’s test. Additionally, genotype × growing season interaction were significant for all parameters. Results of cluster and PCA Biplot analysis revealed a significant and positive relationship between crude protein ratio and dry gluten ratio while allowing for the selection of superior landrace pure lines. Our findings suggested that bread wheat varieties had higher TKW compared to landrace pure lines when pure lines had higher crude protein ratio, dry gluten ratio, sedimentation value with generally softer grains. Bread wheat landraces were concluded as being important variation sources.