Historical stages of creation of soft winter wheat varieties in NSC «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences»

Abstract

Aim. Solving the tasks of creating a variety of soft winter wheat at each stage of the historical development of the programs is impossible without an appropriate theoretical generalization of increasing yield, improving the resistance of the best candidate varieties to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, reproducing valuable economic traits and selecting plants with high performance grain quality. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. At each stage of the research, varieties with higher yield and economic value were created using different methods in the selection process. Selection and hybridization methods are characteristic for the I-II stage. From the III-VI stage, an unconventional method of injecting soft winter wheat grains with the endosperm of winter rye was started, as a result of which the Poliska 70 and Poliska 90 wheat varieties were created. The method of chemical mutagenesis was expanded. Included in the hybridization Wheat-sedge hybrid (PPG). Thanks to PPG, at the VIII stage, the varieties Pam’yati Girka, Spivanka Poliska were created. At the VII stage, ecological research was launched not only in the Polissia zone, but also in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, and the method of thermal mutagenesis was used. At the VIII-IX stages, Romanivna and Zaotar varieties were created using this method. Pyryatinka, Lubito. With a combination of thermal mutagenesis and hybridization of Osyaina and Zemlerob varieties. The IX (military) stage is characterized by sowing without fertilizers and without the use of insecticides and fungicides. Conclusions. The best varieties of soft winter wheat of the competitive variety test according to yield in the selective crop rotation of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences» − Kraevyd, Myrolyubna, Krasunya Poliska, Kesaria Poliska, Efectna, Namysto, Merezhka, Vodogray, Presygna, Spivanka Poliska, Fortsia Poliska, Pyryatinka, Mokosha, Zemlerob, Lubito. On the breeding base Kopylyv proved themselves better − Polysyanka, Vodogray, Romanivna, Namisto, Kraevyd, Prestighna, Rusyava. At the Panfilsk research station – Myrolyubna, Kesaria Poliska, Merezhka, Pamiati Girka, Polysyanka, Kraevyd, Vodogray, Zmelerob. At the Cherkasy research station (the village of Kholodnyanske, Cherkasy district and the village of Drabovo-Boryatynske, Zolotonsky district) Poliska Fortress, Kesaria Poliska, Polysyanka, Kraevyd, Poliska Spivanka.