Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate Research Articles

Fluorescence enhancement effect of the morin–Al3+–sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate–protein system and the determination of proteins

The fluorescence intensity of the morin-Al(3+) complex was greatly enhanced by proteins in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS). Based on this, a new fluorimetric method for the determination of protein was developed. Under optimum conditions, the enhanced intensity of fluorescence was in proportion to the concentration of proteins in the range 1.0 x 10(-8)-1.3 x 10(-5) g/mL for bovine serum albumin (BSA), 4.0 x 10(-8)-1.2 x 10(-5) g/mL for egg albumin (EA) and 5.0 x 10(-8)-1.2 x 10(-5) g/mL for human serum albumin (HSA). Their detection limits (S:N = 3) were 5.0 x 10(-9), 1.8 x 10(-8) and 1.6 x 10(-8) g/mL, respectively. The interaction mechanism was also studied.

Effect of surfactants on desorption of aldicarb from spiked soil

Surfactant enhanced desorption of aldicarb from spiked soil was investigated in this paper. Anionic (sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, SDBS), cationic (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, HTAB) and nonionic (octyl polyethylene glycol phenyl ether, OP) surfactants were tested to determine their optimal desorption conditions including desorption time, mixing speed and surfactant concentrations. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions were obtained at 2 h, 150 rpm, and surfactants concentrations were 1000, 100, and 200 mg l −1 for SDBS, OP, and HTAB, respectively. The paper also investigated the desorption efficiency of mixture of different kinds of surfactants for aldicarb-spiked soil, and found that anionic–nonionic surfactant mixtures gave the best desorption efficiency up to 77%, while anionic–cationic surfactant mixture gave a poor desorption efficiency similar to water, suggesting that mixture of anionic–nonionic surfactants were highly promising on remediation of aldicarb-contaminated soil.

Ozonation in aqueous phase of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate in the presence of powdered activated carbon

Ozonation in aqueous phase of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate in the presence of powdered activated carbon

Photocatalytic Degradation of Surfactants With Immobilized TIO2: Comparing Two Reaction Systems

The photocatalytic degradation of two industrial-grade surfactants, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDDBS), were achieved using TiO2 immobilised on glass Raschig rings and inside a bent tube of glass, using two different photoreactors in recirculation batch mode with a black light fluorescent tube as irradiation source. The influence of parameters pH, recalculation flow, airflow and number of treatment units were determined. For comparison purposes, the energetic cost of treatment was determined for both reaction systems as the figure-of-merit EE/O, showing that titania supported on glass Raschig rings is a more efficient system than the inner coated spring with TiO2, but this condition is strongly dependent on the surfactant identity. The best conditions for surfactants elimination were used to carry out the treatment of solutions containing two commercial detergents, reaching an 80% of removal in 60 min of irradiation.

Creaming Rate of Amyl Alcohol‐in‐Water Emulsions

Amyl alcohol/water emulsion forms during dye removal from aqueous phases by solvent (amyl alcohol) extraction using reverse micelles of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS). The phase separation time of the emulsion dictates the residence of the dye removal processes by reverse micelles. The creaming rate of amyl alcohol/water emulsion formed in the presence of SDBS has been studied and the data are analyzed by theoretical model available in literature.

Adsorption of Surfactants on Carbon Black‐Water Interface

Carbon black dispersions are prepared using anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants as dispersants in aqueous medium and adsorption behavior of these surfactants is studied along with wettability and stability. Adsorption isotherms for all the surfactants are shown to be of Langmuir type except for lauryl dimethybenzyl ammonium chloride (BKC) where the amount adsorbed increases with increase in the concentration of BKC. Out of the two anionic surfactants used [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS)], SDBS showed higher adsorption, wettability and stability. Among cationic surfactants viz. cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), BKC and Stertile, stertile showed better adsorption. In the case of nonionic surfactants viz. nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP 20 and NP 40) and Triton X‐100, the maximum amount of surfactant adsorbed decreased in the order NP 40 < NP 20 < Triton X‐100. Stability of the dispersion improved in the same order. Addition of salt resulted in increase in both effectivenss and efficiency of the ionic surfactant adsorbing on the carbon black surface while the stability decreased. Pretreatment of carbon black surface with triethanolamine had negligible effect on the adsorption behavior of non ionic surfactants but the wettability and stability improved.

Dynamic adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and dowfroth 250 onto the air–water interface

Surface active agents (surfactants) are widely used to control the interfacial properties of the gas–liquid and liquid–1 interfaces in the froth flotation separation process. The dynamic adsorption of the surfactants is critical to flotation which is a kinetics-controlled process. This paper examines the dynamic adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and Dowfroth 250, which is a commercial mixture of polyglycols used to control the dispersion of air in flotation. The dynamic adsorption process was modelled based on either the diffusion-controlled or kinetics-controlled theories. The numerical computation was applied to solve the non-linear governing equations. The dynamic adsorption of the surfactants was measured in terms of the dynamic surface tension using the pendant drop method. Comparison between the theoretical results and experimental data shows that the kinetics-controlled model for the surfactant adsorption describes the experimental data better for both surfactant systems.

The Effect of Surface Treatment of Barium Sulphate on the Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-Barium Sulphate Composites

Polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by compounding PP with untreated, as well as treated barium sulphate. Barium sulphate filler had been treated with different surface modifiers such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 60) and oleic acid. The mechanical properties of the prepared composites were evaluated. It was found that the filler treatment with SDBS enhanced the tensile yield strength and hardness of the resulting composites and also the elongation at rupture for most of the composites. Tween 60 and oleic acid as treating agents for the filler had the same effect on the tensile yield strength, while increasing their amounts on the surface decreased the elongation properties of the composites.

Synergism and antagonism in mild steel corrosion inhibition by sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate and hexamethylenetetramine

The inhibition effects of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) and hexamethylenetetramine (HA) on the corrosion of mild steel in sulphuric acid solution have been studied using weight loss, electrochemical impedance and Tafel polarisation measurements. For HA, a monotonous increase in inhibition efficiency is observed as a function of concentration. For SDBS, however, an optimum in the inhibition efficiency is observed for a concentration close to 250 ppm, which is ascribed to the formation of hemi-micellar aggregates that provoke inhibitor desorption from the metal/solution interface at higher concentrations. Upon mixing HA and SDBS, concentration regions showing synergistic and antagonistic inhibition behaviour are identified, and it is concluded that electrostatic interactions between adsorbate ions are likely responsible for both phenomena. Langmuir and Frumkin isotherms were tested for relevance in describing the adsorption behaviour of both HA and SDBS.

Decline in diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi in twigs of Fagus sylvatica L. after experimental long-term exposure to sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) aerosol.

Sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) is an anionic synthetic detergent found in polluted sea aerosol and is known for its harmful effects on leaf surface ultrastructure on conifers and broadleaved trees. Four-year-old saplings of European beech were sprayed weekly for three consecutive growing seasons with either a 50 mg l(-1) solution of SDBS in deionized water or with pure deionized water (control). Two- to three- year-old twigs were collected from SDBS-treated and control plants during the growing season one year after the last treatment to isolate endophytic fungi. The frequency of colonization by endophytic fungi was significantly lower on SDBS-treated plants (63.8%) than on control plants (85.4%). Multiple colonization of twigs occurred more frequently and diversity of endophyte species was higher in control plants than in SDBS-treated plants. Thirty-six fungal species were isolated from 360 twigs. Cladosporium cladosporioides, Coryneum compactum, Phialocephala dimorphospora, and a species each of Mycosphaerella and Phomopsis were the most abundant endophytes with frequencies of colonization of more than 5%. The abundance of the Phomopsis species proved to be significantly reduced by the SDBS treatment. Within the limits of the indoor experimental conditions, the obtained results suggest that long-term exposure of aerial parts of beech to SDBS can affect the amount and composition of endophytic fungal communities of lignified twigs. Degradation of the leaf epicuticular wax layer and changes of the assimilation capacity and leaf water content (transpiration) of the crowns are presumed to be responsible for the reduction of endophytic fungi detected in twigs of SDBS-treated plants.

Influence of interfacial properties of styrene/butadiene latex on the interaction with poly(vinyl alcohol) in aqueous media

The interfacial properties of styrene/butadiene latex were found to play a substantial role in its interaction with partially hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate (PVOH/Ac) in aqueous solutions. In particular, the level of carboxylation of the latex particles governs the adsorption process. A slightly hydrophobic PVOH/Ac is weakly adsorbed onto medium carboxylated latex at low equilibrium concentrations, whereas a multilayer adsorption occurs at high polymer concentrations, closely resembling the incipient phase separation already observed in the case of PVOH/Ac–polystyrene latex systems. The adsorption mechanism for the monolayer formation is suggested to be of entropic origin, driven by the hydrophobic interactions between the latex surface and especially the acetate groups of the PVOH/Ac chain. Increasing the hydrophilic character of the latex surface through pre-adsorbed sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate or non-ionic fatty alcohol ethoxylate surfactants did not significantly affect the association behavior between PVOH/Ac and the latex surface. In addition to the importance of the interfacial properties of the latex particles, it has been shown that an increased degree of hydrolysis of the PVOH/Ac macromolecule also leads to an appreciable reduction in its affinity for the styrene/butadiene latex interface.

Occurrence of echinocytosis in circulating RBC of black bullhead, Ictalurus melas (Rafinesque), following exposure to an anionic detergent at sublethal concentrations

The shape of the erythrocytes can be altered by a great variety of chemical agents, such as many detergents due to their amphiphilic nature. The present study examines the effect of an anionic detergent on the shape of mature, circulating catfish red blood cells. Experimental exposure to sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate dissolved in the water of aquaria at two sublethal concentrations (1.5 and 3 ppm), for a maximum of 15 days, induced morphological changes of normal erythrocyte shape to echinocytic form. These changes were evaluated at 5, 10 and 15 days after the start of treatment, using scanning electron microscopy. The crenated erythrocytes from animals exposed to detergent appeared either with border irregularities or undulations, without distinct spicules, or with numerous short spikes. Statistical analysis, applied to the data obtained from counting altered cells in the various experimental groups, showed no significant difference between the 1.5 ppm-treated animals at the three times and the controls, whereas a significant difference was observed between 3 ppm-treated animals compared to the controls, showing significance of action of the higher dose employed at the three times. These data suggest latent erythrocyte damage. The results are discussed in the light of the extensive bibliography concerning evaginating amphiphilic compounds and the mechanisms involved in echinocyte formation, taking into account the marked differences existing between the nucleated red blood cells of fish and those biconcave, unnucleated of mammals.

Micellization of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate in Aqueous Quaternary Bromides

The effect of addition of symmetrical quaternary bromides (tetramethylammonium bromide, Me 4 NBr; tetraethylammonium bromide, Et 4 NBr; tetra-n-propylammonium bromide, Pr 4 NBr; tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, Bu 4 NBr; tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide, Bu 4 PBr, and tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, Φ 4 PBr) on the micellization of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) has been studied at 25 °C using conductivity measurements. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and dissociation degree (β) are determined from the conductivity vs. [surfactant] plots at various fixed [salt]. As usual, the presence of salts bring about a reduction in CMC but salts containing bulky counterions show progressively increased effect both on CMC and β. A bulky counterion seems to weaken hydration forces with concomitant decrease in the CMC. The behaviour is further explained in the light of hydrophobic interactions (among alkyl/phenyl chains of the concerned salt and surfactant) in addition to the neutralization of surface charge due to salt addition. Connecting atom (N or P) of the counterion seems to play an important role in such interactions as salts with P were more effective in reducing the CMC and thus seem to be the ideal candidate to vary hydration forces in the anionic surfactant systems.

The corrosion inhibition study of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate to aluminium and its alloys in 1.0 M HCl solution

The corrosion inhibition of Al and its alloys are the subject of tremendous technological importance due to the increased industrial applications of these materials. This paper reports the results of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurements on the corrosion inhibition of Al, (Al+6%Cu) and (Al+6%Si) alloys in 1.0M HCl in the temperature range 10–60°C using dodecyl benzene sulphonate as an anionic surfactant (AS) inhibitor. The results showed that the addition of the surfactant inhibits the hydrochloric acid corrosion of the three Al samples. The inhibition occurs through adsorption of the surfactant on the metal surface without modifying the mechanism of corrosion process. The surfactant acts predominately as cathodic inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with an increase in the surfactant concentration, but decreases with an increase in temperature. Maximum inhibition is observed around its critical micelle concentration (CMC). The inhibition efficiency for the three Al samples decreases in the order: (Al+6%Si)>(Al+6%Cu)>Al. Frumkin adsorption isotherm fits well with the experimental data. Thermodynamic functions for both dissolution and adsorption processes were determined. Results obtained from the three methods are in good agreement.

Changes in the olfactory mucosa of the black bullhead Ictalurus melas induced by exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate.

The effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations (1.5 and 3 mg l(-1)) of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate on the olfactory epithelium of Ictalurus melas Rafinesque were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The detergent affected the superficial part of each olfactory lamella and different morphological alterations, depending on dose and duration of treatment, were observed. The histology and surface morphology of sensory and non-sensory areas of the epithelium of fish treated with 1.5 mg l(-1) for 5 and 10 d were not affected by the treatment, while only an incipient thinning-out of the long cilia of non-sensory epithelium was seen in fish treated for 15 d. Treatment with 3 mg l(-1) caused morphological alterations, related to the time of exposure, in the non-sensory and sensory epithelium, consisting of progressive thinning of cellular projections; this treatment also increased mucus production. These observed histopathological changes in the olfactory mucosa may modify the olfactory perception of the fish, and could thereby impair important physiological functions such as feeding, social interactions or migration.

Polymerization of pyrrole and processing of the resulting polypyrrole as blends with plasticised PVC

AbstractPolypyrrole was synthesized by chemical oxidation of pyrrole in water containing various sulphonic acids like toluene sulphonic acid (TSA), sulphosalicylic acid (SSA), and camphor sulphonic acid (CSA), as well as a combination of each sulphonic acid with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (NaDBS) to investigate the effect of doping on conductivity, yield, and processability of the conducting polymer. Free‐standing blend films of polypyrrole and plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were obtained by casting an homogeneous suspension of the two polymers in tetrahydrofuran. The maximum conductivity of the blend film is ∼ 0.3 S/cm, corresponding to a weight fraction of 0.16 w/w polypyrrole. The blend film is semiconducting in the range 300–10 K. A TG‐DTA scan indicates the blend film to be amorphous with a stepwise decomposition process similar to pristine PVC. The choice of a dual dopant system during synthesis and the plasticised polymer during subsequent processing were keys to obtaining homogeneous high‐quality films. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1544–1548, 2001

Effect of peptisation on nanosized TiO2particles prepared by hydrolysis from metatitanic acid

Nanocrystalline TiO2 particles were prepared by three methods: direct hydrolysis from metatitanic acid dissolved in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid; hydrolysis of titanium sulphate (TiSO4); and from powders obtained by peptising precipitates with hydrochloric acid and tetraethylammonium hydroxide to form crystal phases at lower temperatures. Samples were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Brunauer–Emmitt–Teller surface area analysis. In the photodegradation of anionic sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate surfactant, nanosized TiO2 with mixed anatase and rutile phases was found to show improved photocatalytic properties over commercial P-25 titania powder.

Dynamics of Coagulation Structure Disruption in Titanium Dioxide Dispersions

The importance of the concentration factor in structurization processes and in the breakdown dynamics of aqueous TiO2 dispersions was demonstrated in the presence of anionic sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate. A correlation was obtained between the critical concentration volume filling associated with structurization and the coordination number of the titanium(IV) dioxide dispersions. An analysis of the results obtained was made using the flow theory of aggregation systems.

The influence of surface modification on the femtosecond optical Kerr effect of PbS nanoparticles

PbS nanoparticles modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (DBS) have been synthesized. The subpicosecond optical nonlinearity of these PbS nanoparticles was investigated by using the femtosecond optical Kerr effect (OKE) experiment. The spectral behavior and the OKE results confirm that the surfactant environment has crucial rule on the linear and nonlinear optical properties. From the transient response, the relaxation time of the samples has been proved shorter than the laser pulse width.

Fouling of electrodialysis membranes by organic substances

In this investigation, the influence of various kinds of organic solutes on the fouling of an anion and a cation selective ED membrane was studied. Fouling by adsorption of organic matter onto the membrane was measured as an increase in the membrane resistance with time. Experiments were performed with a fatty acid (octanoic acid), two anionic surfactants (sodium octanoate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate) and an alkaline bleach plant filtrate from a sulphate pulp mill. A marked difference was observed between the increase in the membrane resistance of the anion selective membrane and that of the cation selective membrane. The cation selective membrane was slightly fouled by the bleach plant filtrate, but was only marginally affected by the other organic solutes. The anion selective membrane, on the other hand, was markedly fouled by all solutes.