Soddy-podzolic Soils Research Articles

Uptake of plutonium isotopes by green onions in different growing mediums

During the growing experiment, the uptake of plutonium isotopes by green onions (Allium cepa Centurion F1) grown on distilled water, Ellis nutrient solution and sod-podzolic soil was studied. The analysis of plutonium isotopes was carried out by alpha spectrometry with preliminary radiochemical separation. It has been determined that the uptake of 239+240Pu by the green onions decreases in a row: distilled water > Ellis nutrient solution ≫ sod-podzolic soil. The transfer factors of plutonium isotopes in green onions were 1.7 ± 0.4 for distilled water; 0.7 ± 0.2 for Ellis nutrient solution; 0.0054 ± 0.0014 for soddy-podzolic soil.

Destruction of transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) remnants under the influence of soil microbiome

Scientific community has been considering various hypotheses regarding the possible impact of GM plants on non-target soil microorganisms for decades, distinguishing direct and indirect effects. Direct effects are usually easier to detect, as transgenic proteins, characterized by a range of elimination against certain types of insects, pathogenic fungi and bacteria, can affect non-target beneficial symbionts and soil microbial groups involved in the transformation of organic substances. Indirect effects are difficult to assess, as many different factors can affect the composition of root exudates and the metabolic activity of plants. Changes in metabolic pathways can affect the composition of soil exudates and gene expression in plant tissues. At the same time, these changes can affect the decomposition of organic matter and the course of microbiological processes in the soil. Based on experimental studies, an assessment of the rate of destruction of plant residues and DNA degradation in transgenic potato plants in soddy-podzolic soil of potato crop rotation was carried out. The results of the studies have established a significant role of the microbiome of soddy-podzolic soil of potato crop rotation in the destruction of residues of transgenic potato plants and DNA degradation. Destruction of residues of transgenic plants under the influence of microflora of soddy-podzolic soil of potato crop rotation was 30 days with a loss of raw mass 87.14±1.11%. DNA degradation over this period is 88% (186 ng/mg) from the initial amount of total DNA, and degradation of nptII and 35S genes — about 90% from their initial amount in PCR products. It was found that about 90% of nptII and 35S genes in DNA residues of transgenic potato plants under the influence of microbiome soddy-podzolic soil occurs on day 30.

Ecotoxicological assessment of soddy-podzolic soil under the influence of hostilities

Military сonflict on the territory of Ukraine since 2014 has caused and continues to exert a detrimental impact on soil resources. The research results present the changes in ecotoxicological parameters of chernozem soil that underwent degradation due to military actions in Bucha district of Kyiv region in February–March 2022 during the Russian invasion. The use of artillery weapons, including mortars, in the territory of Torf'iane village revealed damage to the soil cover on agricultural and forest lands. Soil degradation resulting from mortar shelling was confirmed by an increase in the content of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb) in the soil layer of 0–20 cm one year after artillery shelling. At a distance of 2.5 m from the edge of the craters (Nо 1 and No 2), there was an increase in the gross content of Zn, Ni, Cr by 1.1–1.2 times, Pb by 1.1–1.6 times, and Cu by 1.5–1.8 times. The increase in Cd content by 1.1–1.2 times at a distance of 2.5 m was observed only within crater No 2. At a distance of 30 m from the craters, a high gross content of zinc (151–155 mg/kg), lead (43–44), chromium (39–41), nickel (24–28), copper (17–18), and cadmium (2–3 mg/kg) was found. Exceedances of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals directly in the crater and within a distance of up to 30 m were detected on average by 3–9 times. The highest concentration coefficient values for heavy metals in the soil were found to be, on average, zinc — 6–14 times higher than the background, chromium — 7–9 times, and lead — 4–8 times. Exceedances of the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) in the soil around the craters were recorded for chromium by 7–26% and nickel by 15–21%. Slight exceedance of the MAC for lead in the soil was observed by 3–6%. No exceedance of the MAC for copper (0.1–0.3 MAC), zinc (0.2–0.4 MAC), cadmium (0.4–0.6 MAC), and lead (0.5–1 MAC) content in the soil was observed one year after the shelling of these territories.

Influence of the biochar application on the thermal properties of soddy-podzolic soil and on the energy balance fluxes of spring wheat in the Leningrad region under various soil moisture conditions

The article presents the results of a field experiment to assess the effect of pre-sowing application of the biochar on the thermal properties of the arable horizon of soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil, on the energy balance components, on the crop surface temperature and on the leaves temperature of spring wheat (variety “Daria”) under various conditions of soil moisture in 2022. The experiment took place at the Menkovo Experimental Station of the Agrophysical Research Institute, located in the Gatchinsky District of the Leningrad Region. The experiment included the plot with the biochar application at the dose of 21.9 t ha-1 and the control plot. The soil thermal properties were measured by the heat pulse method. The components of the energy balance were determined using agrometeorological measurements, radiation balance measurements, crop surface temperature, and phenological measurements. The crop surface temperature was measured by a non-contact method using pyrometers. The soil moisture conditions and available water for wheat were characterized by volumetric soil moisture and evapotranspiration. The volumetric soil moisture was measured using a capacitive soil moisture sensor. The evapotranspiration was determined using the residual term of the energy balance equation through the latent heat flux. According to the results of field experiments, a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the biochar application on the soil thermal properties was found, however, under different moisture conditions, the effect was multidirectional. At zero soil moisture, the biochar application reduced thermal conductivity by 29.7%, reduced volumetric heat capacity by 18.5%, reduced diffusivity by 13.7%, and reduced thermal inertia by 24.3%. Under the conditions of field capacity, the biochar application increased thermal conductivity by 9.4%, reduced volumetric heat capacity by 2.6%, increased diffusivity by 12.3%, and increased thermal inertia by 3.2%. The biochar application significantly (p < 0.05) increased the turbulent heat flux – by 35.5%, which is due to an increase in the crop surface temperature (by 6.4%). Resulting from the decrease in soil evaporation, the biochar application reduced the latent heat flux by 17.0%, and the evapotranspiration by 13.9%. Leaf temperature is related to transpiration. Transpiration can increase when biochar is applied on light-textured soils due to an increase in soil water capacity. The biochar application did not result in significant changes of leaf temperature. The study results are confirmed by numerous articles of both foreign and Russian researchers.

Assessment of Carbon Stock and CO2 Production Potential for Soils of Coniferous-Broadleaved Forests

—The assessment of carbon stocks in soils of coniferous and broadleaved forests, agrocenoses, fallow lands, and floodplains has been performed for the territory of the Chashnikovo Agrobiological Station of Moscow State University. The typology of litter horizons, the contents of plant detritus in the them, and the ratio of the thicknesses of litter subhorizons have been determined as indicators of the organic matter decomposition intensity. For mineral soil profile, total organic carbon stocks in the layers of 0–30 and 0–100 cm layers and the stock of biologically active carbon in the layer of 0–20 cm layer have been determined. Maximum organic matter accumulation in litters and moderate accumulation in mineral profile is typical of soddy-podzolic soils (Retisols) under coniferous forests. The litter carbon stocks in spruce forests differ by almost an order of magnitude depending on the position in the tessera. Minimum carbon accumulation in litters is characteristic of the soils of upland and floodplain meadows. Alluvial soils of floodplain meadows are characterized by the highest stock of total carbon, as well as carbon of biologically active soil organic matter. The potential of CO2 production by soil determined the structural and functional litter characteristics and the stock of biologically active organic matter in the upper (0–20 cm) soil layer depend on several factors: vegetation type, hydromorphism degree, and agricultural use at present and in the past. Soils of coniferous forests in comparison with soils of broadleaved forests are characterized by lower rates of litter decomposition due to the biochemical features of plant remains and are assumed to have a lower potential for CO2 production. Soils of natural herbaceous ecosystems, especially floodplain meadows, are characterized by the maximum potential production of carbon dioxide due to intense decomposition of plant residues and high stock of biologically active organic matter carbon.

Assessment of Carbon Stock and СO<sub>2</sub> Production Potential for Soils of Coniferous-Broad-Leaved Forests

Within the territory of MSU Agrobiostation “Chashnikovo”, assessment of carbon stock for soil, typical for coniferous-broad-leaved forests subzone – coniferous forests, small-leaved forests, agrocenoses, fallow lands and floodplain meadows – was given. The next indexes were studied for litters: typology, stock, detritus content and ratio of sub-horizons thickness (deposit) – these indexes are indicators of organic matter decomposition intensity. For mineral soil profile, the assessment of general organic carbon stock in 0–30 and 0–100 cm layers, as well as stock of biologically active carbon in 0–20 cm layer (by calculation according to the content of total carbon), are given. Maximum organic matter accumulation in litters and moderate accumulation – in mineral profile, was obtained for coniferous forests soddy-podzolic soils. The litter carbon stock value in spruce forests differ by almost 10 times, depending on location in tessera. Minimal carbon accumulation by litters is obtained for meadow ecosystem soils – upland meadows as well as flood-plain meadows. Alluvial soils of flood-plain meadows are characterized by highest stock of general carbon, as well as carbon of biologically active soil organic matter. Potential of CO2 production by soil, determined by data, including structural and functional litter indexes and organic matter biologically active carbon stock (0–20 cm layer), depends on combination of row of factors: vegetation type, hydromorphism degree, and agricultural use character in present or past. Coniferous forest soils comparing with small-leaved forest soils are characterized by less rate of litter decomposing due to plant remains biochemical features, thereby these soils are assumed to less CO2 production potential. Soils of natural grass ecosystems, especially flood-plain meadows, are characterized by maximal potential production of carbon dioxide, resulting from intensive plant residues decomposition and high stock of biologically active organic matter carbon.

Genotypical response of barley to increased cadmium content in soil

The results of a comparative evaluation of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties obtained by different methods on control and provocative soil background for cadmium are presented. A total of 10 varieties were studied: Rodnik Prikamya, Novichok, Dina, Zazersky 85, Triumph, Tallon (hybridization and selection); Forward, Bionic, Vitrum (cell selection); In memory of Dudin (mutagenesis). The studies were carried out in 2021 under the climatic conditions of the Kirov region. Seeds of the plants of each variety were sown in vegetation containers filled with soddy-podzolic soil. Cadmium provocative background (6.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg) was created by adding cadmium acetate to the soil. The average yield of barley varieties in the control (soil background without cadmium) was 279 g/m2; against a provocative background – 216 g/m2. Under the conditions of cadmium stress, the yield of hybrids decreased compared to the control by 12.2 %, regenerants – by 29.6 %, mutant – by 42.4 %. Among the studied varieties, the Bionic variety, which has a regenerated origin, showed a consistently high yield both on the control (334 g/m2) and cadmium background (263 g/m2). Productive bushiness of hybrid barley varieties against the control background varied from 2.8 to 4.1; in regenerants – from 3.4 to 4.8; mutant varieties – 4.3 pieces. Under the conditions of cadmium stress, productive bushiness decreased by an average of 2.7 – in hybrids; for 3.4 – for regenerants, for 2.6 pieces – a mutant. Bionic, regardless of the soil background, compared with other varieties, had the highest productive bushiness. Significant differences in the content of polyphenols in the grain of the studied varieties on the control and provocation soil background for cadmium were not revealed. Under the conditions of cadmium stress, a decrease in the content of flavonoids in grain was noted, as well as the accumulation of cadmium (0.29–0.92 mg/kg). Varieties of hybrid origin showed the ability to accumulate cadmium in grain to a greater extent.

Nitrogen regime of soddy-podzolic soil with long-term use of different types and combinations of mineral fertilizers

The purpose of the work is to study the effect of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the fractional composition of nitrogen in soddy-podzolic soil in a long-term stationary experiment and compare it with a virgin analogue. The studies were carried out in 2016 and 2018 on the experimental field of the Perm Research Institute of Agriculture after harvesting barley in an eight-field crop rotation deployed on soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil. The experiment scheme: without fertilizers: N90; Р90; К90; N90P90; N90K90; P90K90; N90Р90К90. To assess the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizers and their combinations on the nitrogen regime of soddy-podzolic soil, the arable soil was compared with the virgin analogue. The nitrogen fund of soddy-podzolic soil of a long-term stationary experiment is represented by 64…71 % non-hydrolyzable and 17…22 % hardly hydrolyzable forms of nitrogen. Long-term use of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers did not significantly change the ratio of nitrogen fractions characteristic of virgin soils of this type. Nitrogen fertilizers, both with one-sided application and in combination with potassium chloride (N90К90) and superphosphate (N90P90), contributed to an increase in the total nitrogen content in the arable soil layer by 10…20 % relative to the control, mineral nitrogen compounds - by 2…3 times. Unilateral application of potash fertilizer provided an increase in the content of total nitrogen in the soil by 12 %, the introduction of superphosphate did not have a signi cant effect on the nitrogen regime of the soil. Long-term use of complete mineral fertilizer (N90P90K90) only in this way: (N90P90К90) contributed to maintaining total nitrogen at the level of virgin soil - 1490 mg/kg. Long-term unilateral application of nitrogen fertilizers increased the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil over the entire meter layer by 1.5-2.5 times, ammonium - by 1.5-14.6 times. The reserves of mineral nitrogen in the variants N90P90, N90K90, and N90P90K90 in the 0-20 cm layer increased 2-3 times, in the 0-100 cm layer - 2 times relative to the control variant.

Влияние усовершенствованных технологий создания и использования бобово-злаковых травостоев на урожайность и плодородие дерново-подзолистой почвы луговых сенокосов

To solve the problems posed in the Doctrine to ensure the food security of the population of Russia (2020), it is important to increase the productivity and quality of voluminous fodder on meadow hayfields. In the Federal Scientific Center "VIK named after V.R. Williams", improved technologies have been developed for the creation and use of legume-grass stands (with the participation of four legume species) using presowing inoculation of seeds with complementary strains of nodule bacteria, as well as an agricultural technique — changing the predecessor during overplanting (in order to eliminate the phenomenon of soil fatigue). Articles published in recent years (2008, 2020, 2021, 2023) show the high efficiency of the creation and use of these hayfields. Promising technologies make it possible to obtain 5.8–6.2 thousand feed units/ha with high quality hay with a content of metabolic energy of 9.13–9.65 MJ per 1 kg of dry matter and availability of digestible protein per feed unit — 118–164 g. The payback of capital investments is 1–1.5 years, and the cost of 1 feed unit is 26–30% lower than the prevailing prices for 1 kg of fodder oats. For the first time in the article, materials are presented on the impact of the developed technologies on the change in the fertility of soddy-podzolic soils of the Non-Chernozem zone.

Особенности формирования саженцев малины при капельном орошении в условиях дерново-подзолистых почв Центрального Нечерноземья

Practically no studies on drip irrigation of raspberries in the conditions of the Moscow region have been carried out, in particular, the patterns of the production process of plants under drip irrigation have not been identified. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to study the effect of drip irrigation regimes on the formation of raspberry seedlings in the conditions of soddy-podzolic soils in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The studies were carried out on the lands of the educational and experimental farm of the laboratory of fruit growing "Michurinskiy Sad" of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2020-2022. The two-factor field experience included regimes as the first factor, and varietal characteristics as the second. As a result of the research, it was revealed that drip irrigation contributes to the saving of irrigation water and the creation of an optimal water-air regime of the soil during the entire growing season. In the variant of drip irrigation with maintaining moisture in the root layer in the range of 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity, the saving of irrigation water compared to furrow irrigation averaged 65%, and in the variant of 60-80% of the lowest moisture capacity - 78%. Drip irrigation contributes to the formation of seedlings with the highest values of biometric indicators (stem diameter, plant height, leaf surface area and volume, length, mass of the root system) and increase productivity. An analysis of the experimental data on the biometric indicators of raspberries and its yield allows us to recommend irrigation regimes with maintaining the moisture content of the root layer of the soil in the range of 70-90% of the lowest moisture capacity and 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity as optimal.

Effect of oil and surfactants on changes in some physical properties of soils

The paper shows that oil pollution of gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils led to a decrease in capillary water capacity, plasticity and solid phase of soils. As a result of the introduction of the nonionic surfactant tween-80 into the oil-contaminated soil, these indicators were partially restored, but their values remained lower than in soil samples subjected to oil treatment. The obtained materials allow us to speak about the fundamental possibility of using surfactants for the remediation of oil-contaminated soils.

Content of Potassium Forms in the Profile of Soddy-Podzolic Soil of the Cis-Ural Region

Content of Potassium Forms in the Profile of Soddy-Podzolic Soil of the Cis-Ural Region

The influence of granulated and rotted turkey manure on the productivity of perennial grasses

The article presents the results of researches about the influence of granulated and rotted turkey manure on the growth, development and productivity of perennial grasses, the quality of soddy-podzolic soil, newly introduced into agricultural circulation. The research results have showed that the most optimal application dose for obtaining high yields of perennial grasses and increasing soil fertility is 15 t/ha of granulated turkey manure.

Сравнительная оценка новых сортономеров контрольного питомника клевера лУгового двУУкосного диплоидного типа в Условиях Смоленской области

Federation To obtain high and stable yields, the creation of productive, ecologically plastic varieties of red clover is of great importance. A successful solution to the problem is possible with the use of modern sources of breeding-valuable traits that are most appropriate for growing conditions. The purpose of the work is to evaluate promising variety numbers of red clover in the control nursery in comparison with the standard variety in terms of economically valuable traits and properties. For the test cycle of 2021-2022, as a result of the assessment, the most productive numbers of red clover were identified. On moderately acidic, soddy-podzolic soil, with a high content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the control nursery, 6 varieties of red clover were tested in terms of indicators: height, green mass yield, air-dry matter. In winter, the weather conditions changed from favorable to conducive to the destruction of the cover with subsequent exposure to low negative temperatures. The growing seasons were characterized by elevated temperatures and varying moisture regimes from optimal to dry. Variety Pochinkovets has been a standard zoned in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone since 2018. Of the 6 variety numbers, 2 promising ones stood out: T-5 and A-12, which have an increased yield of green mass. (61.0 t/ha and 58.2 t/ha), air-dry weight (15.5 t/ha and 15.6 t/ha). The variety number A-11 (65.5%) stood out with a high percentage for 2 cuts. The selected numbers will be used in the future as new sources in breeding work to develop new varieties of red clover.

Temperature Dependences of IR Spectral Bands of Humic Substances of Silicate-Based Soils

Temperature-dependent IR spectroscopy capable of revealing specific changes in the band intensities, positions, and shape was used to increase the information on humic substances (HS) from soils. Temperature dependences of IR spectra of HS isolated from silicate-based soils differing in the contents and nature of organic matter, chernozem and soddy podzolic soil, were investigated by attenuated total internal reflection FTIR in the mid-IR region (4000–400 cm−1) in the air within the moderate temperature range of 25–215 °C (298–488 K) with a step of 2.5 °C. The dependences of shifts in frequency (wavenumber) corresponding to band maxima and integrated band intensities were built for all major bands. Observed reversible frequency shifts upon heating and cooling can be interpreted as forming structures in the dry state. The behavior of integrated intensities of bands assigned to C–H and C–C vibrations, characteristic vibrations of polyaromatic compounds, carboxylic acids, and carboxylates were shown, and similar behavior for the same group (symmetric and antisymmetric stretches) were revealed. Differences in the temperature trends in chernozem and soddy podzolic soils due to different structures (aliphatic and aromatic) and functional groups (carboxylic and carboxylate) are shown. The different behavior of the bands corresponding to carboxylic groups and skeletal vibrations differentiates soil types with different organic matter. The temperature trends of band maximum and intensity shifts are less prone to measurement conditions and may serve as qualitative parameters characterizing the composition of soil humic substances.

Microbiological Parameters of Sod-Podzolic Soil and Rhizosphere in a Half-Century Field Experiment with Different Fertilizer Systems

The regular application of mineral and organic fertilizers is one of the essential components of the agricultural intensification. The applied fertilizers lead to artificial enrichment of the soil environment with readily available substrates and biophilic elements, which can have a significant impact on the soil and rhizosphere microbiome. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different fertilizer systems on the quantitative parameters of various microbial groups in soddy-podzolic soil (Umbric Albic Retisol) and the rhizosphere of potatoes and barley. The study was carried out on a long-term field experiment, in which mineral (NPK), organic (manure) and mixed (NPK + manure) fertilizer systems have been applied since 1968. The application of organic fertilizers increased the microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) in the bulk soil and the rhizosphere by 25–100% compared to the soil without fertilizers, while the use of mineral fertilizers, on the contrary, decreased it by 10–30%. Basal respiration and respiratory coefficient (qСО2) increased in the row: without fertilizers NPK NPK + manure manure. The gene copies number of bacteria, archaea, and fungi significantly increased (1.5–2.5 times) under organic fertilizers and decreased (2–2.5 times) under NPK. The varied from 32 to 100 and from 0.10 to 0.92 by the luminescent microscopy and quantitative PCR, respectively. The lowest fungi/bacteria ratios were revealed for variants with NPK, and the highest fungi/bacteria ratios were in variants with manure. Thus, the applied doses of mineral fertilizers must be compensated by the introduction of fresh organic matter in order to maintain the stability of the soil-microbe-plant system.

Microbiological Parameters of Soddy-Podzolic Soil and Its Rhizosphere in a Half-Century Field Experiment with Different Fertilizer Systems

Microbiological Parameters of Soddy-Podzolic Soil and Its Rhizosphere in a Half-Century Field Experiment with Different Fertilizer Systems

Soil Bacterial Community during Straw Decomposition Depending on the Amount of Available Organic Matter

The properties and functions of soils are largely determined by the amount of available organic matter, which is most significant for the vital activity of microorganisms. The influence of the content of soil available organic matter on the composition and functioning of the microbial community during the transformation of barley straw in the soil is considered. A soddy-podzolic soil (Umbric Albic Retisols (Abruptic)), layer 0–20 cm, was incubated (t 25°C, 60% TFC) for 4 months and a model soil with a reduced content of available organic matter was obtained. Next, a laboratory experiment was carried out with the introduction of barley straw into native and model soil. In dynamics (0, 7, 40, and 70 days), soil respiration, microbial biomass (SBI), the number of microorganisms, and the taxonomic composition of the microbial community (16S-rRNA sequencing) were analyzed. The quality of soil organic matter was assessed by the content of total organic carbon (Ctot) and its fractions: available (Cavail), water-soluble (Cwat), labile (Clab). It has been shown that in the model soil the amount of Cwat and Cavail decreases by half in the absence of significant differences in the content of Ctot. In addition, there was a visible deterioration in the aggregate structure of the soil and an acceleration in the transformation of straw in it (25% more than in the native one). The taxonomic composition of the soil bacterial community was influenced by the amount of available organic matter in the soil, the addition of straw, and the time of incubation. A decrease in the content of available organic matter changes the composition of the microbial community: the proportions of the phyla Acidobacteria and Firmicutes decrease, while the proportions of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, and archaea increase. It was revealed that the dominant part (50% of the total) of the microbial community of the depleted soil is characterized by great diversity and oligotrophy. Indicators are proposed for comparing soils by the oligotrophy of the microbial community based on the taxonomic composition.

A Comparative Study of the Dynamic Fractionation of Rare-Earth Elements in Soils Using a Rotating Coiled Column and a Microcolumn

Rare earth elements (REEs) are currently used in fertilizers, but their behavior in the soil–plant system remains poorly studied. The assessment of the binding of REEs to various organomineral phases of soils remains an important task. Using soddy-podzolic soil and typical chernozem as examples, we performed a comparative study of the dynamic fractionation of REEs in a rotating coiled column (RCC) and a microcolumn (MC). We isolated the exchangeable fraction, specifically adsorbed fraction, and fractions bound to manganese oxides, bound to organic matter, and bound to amorphous and weakly crystallized iron and aluminum oxides using, 0.05 M Ca(NO3)2, 0.43 M CH3COOH, and a 0.1 M NH2OH·HCl solution (pH 3.6), a 0.1 M K4P2O7 solution (pH 11.0), and a 0.1 M (NH4)2C2O4 solution (pH 3.2), respectively. Concentrations of elements in the initial samples and eluate fractions were determined by atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results suggest that the main extractable REE form (up to 40% of the total content) is provided by organometallic complexes extracted with a 0.1 M K4P2O7 solution. For chernozem (soils with a high content of organic matter), fractionation in the RCC and MC yielded comparable results. For soddy-podzolic soil, some differences were observed in the isolation of the first three fractions: exchangeable, specifically adsorbed, and bound to manganese oxides. Both RCC and MC can be successfully used for the dynamic fractionation of REE in soils; however, it is preferable to use an MC in analyzing many samples as a simpler and more affordable device.

Laboratory Study of the Effect of Ammonium and Lanthanum Salts on Methane Oxidation and Composition of Microbial Communities in Soddy-Podzolic Soil

Laboratory Study of the Effect of Ammonium and Lanthanum Salts on Methane Oxidation and Composition of Microbial Communities in Soddy-Podzolic Soil