Sociological School Research Articles

From Institutions to the Platform Society: An Interdisciplinary Reading of Recent Works by Roberto Esposito

In recent years, reflection on institutions has assumed great prominence in Italian Theory. Roberto Esposito especially, in his three most recent books, has provided a genealogy of institutions, aimed at challenging the prevailing way in which they have been thematized in Western thought. As he sees it, a repressive conception of institutions has dominated in philosophy as well as in sociology and legal studies, which views them as apparatuses that limit the free expansion of individual instincts and life itself. Following an original hermeneutic path, the Italian philosopher seeks to pull through strands of thought that understand the concepts of institution and life to be mutually implicated rather than opposed to each other. This article starts from Roberto Esposito’s work on institutions, clarifying its meaning and perspective. It then draws connections between Esposito’s instituent thought and a few focal points of contemporary sociological thought on institutions. Specifically, it analyzes how Esposito’s post-normative perspective presents similarities with the ‘cognitive turn’ in the institutional thought of new institutionalism, among other sociological schools. The article concludes by showing that Esposito’s work and its connections with sociological thought enable one to reflect critically on a number of practices spawned in the ‘platform society’ by new institutional actors such as Big Tech.

A figura do narrador como inspiração para a prática docente no ensino de sociologia na educação básica

The debate on Sociology in basic education in Brazil refers to the clash experienced by the figure of the narrator in medieval Europe by enabling individuals to become aware of a distant reality through the narrative whose content had meaning and distanced itself from common sense, but society Capitalist industrialism created an urban and increasingly individualized way of life in which facts became disposable when presented in the information format that made up the modern press. A similar situation finds Sociology in high school when faced with technological innovations that reiterate the immediacy of social relations in our daily lives.

Global sustainable development programs: Challenges to the achievement of the goals

In this interview the Head of the Chair of Sociology of Public Administration of the School of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vladimir P. Vasiliev, shares his assessments of the results and significance of the UN climate Conference held in November-December 2023 in the UAE (Dubai). He examines the current dynamics of the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement, the key provisions of the reports of the World Health Organization and the International Energy Agency, and focuses on the discussions that unfolded at the conference on the use of fossil fuels and the transition to renewable energy sources. It is noted that the process of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is currently facing a number of serious obstacles, both economic and socio-political in nature. Meanwhile, failure to implement the SDGs is fraught with a sharp aggravation of the problems of global inequality, food security and climate migration, especially dangerous for the most vulnerable groups of the population. It is noted that under these conditions, the Russian Federation is pursuing a long-term climate policy aimed at achieving a balance between anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and their absorption, in a way that is consistent with national interests and priorities of socio-economic development. Hopefully, scientists from Lomonosov Moscow State University will be able to contribute both to improving the environmental policy of the Russian Federation and to defining the global climate agenda. And for this, in turn, it is important to develop and strengthen the dialogue between the leading scientific schools of Moscow State University.

SENSE AND SENSIBILITY: A HISTORY OF THE EARLY BRAZILIAN COST-OF-LIVING INDEXES IN PURSUIT OF A MINIMUM WAGE, 1935–1939

The early decades of the twentieth century witnessed a far-reaching growth in empirical exercises designed to measure the cost of living. Brazil was no exception to this movement, and the first studies of this nature for that country surfaced between 1935 and 1939. Among these, three deserve special attention for the soundness of their construction. These are the exercises of Horace Davis, Samuel Lowrie, and Bruno Rudolfer, professors of the Free School of Sociology and Politics of São Paulo, which investigated the cost of living in connection with the pursuit of a proper minimum wage in Brazil. The aim of this article is to revisit their pioneering efforts to measure the cost of living and to indicate how these studies touched upon the search for a minimum wage in Brazil.

The Essence and Meaning of Repetition in the Criminal Law of Russia

Introduction. From the standpoint of a critical analysis of the current criminal legislation of Russia, as well as the doctrine of criminal law and criminology, the article examines the essence and significance of the institution of repetition in the criminal law of Russia. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The research was carried out taking into account the directions of criminal policy in Russia, the constitutional analysis of normative legal provisions on responsibility for committing crimes. The use of the formal-logical research method made it possible to identify the essence and types of repetition in criminal law, and to establish the patterns of its implementation in criminal law. Results. In the course of the study, attention is drawn to the fact that the formation of the concept of “repeatedness”, in the context of the development of the sociological school of criminal law, implied the attribution to this institution, first of all, of situations of committing several criminal acts, bearing in mind the objective danger to society of the multiplicity of crimes and persons who commit them (for example, recidivists and professional criminals). At the same time, not only the multiplicity of crimes poses a danger to society and the State, but also the commission of other unlawful acts, which, if repeated, in some cases can acquire a qualitatively different character and reach the level of a criminal act. This position is the basis of the current institution of repetition and, in particular, the institution of administrative prejudice. In this regard, the presented work examines the essence, types, and meaning of repetition in its existing version in the criminal law of Russia. Discussion and Сonclusion. The problems of repetition are also considered in the aspect of the correlation of this institution with the theory of the dangerous state of the individual, the principle of the prohibition of punishment twice for the same act. The indicated aspects of the topic necessitated the appeal not only to works on the theory of criminal law, but also to the relevant issues of philosophy and logic. As a result, the author concludes that such a type of multiplicity as the repetition of offenses is singled out, the types of this multiplicity are determined and its importance for the criminalization and decriminalization of crimes is substantiated.

Culture and Food Habits of Kharkiv Schoolchildren in the Context of a Full- Scale War (Based on the Online Survey Results)

The article analyses the results of a sociological study of Kharkiv schoolchildren's food habits, conducted by the staff of the School of Sociology of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University as part of the FUSILLI project in March-April 2024. The study involved more than 300 high school students studying offline in Kharkiv metro school. The article describes the research methodology and presents the regulatory documents of state and local authorities on schoolchildren's nutrition. Particular attention is paid to how their food practices are reproduced and changed in the context of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. The article provides data on the attitudes of Kharkiv schoolchildren towards their own health, healthy eating (including awareness of it), the influence of family and school on this; consumption of junk food and alcohol by high school students; attitudes towards collective food practices with friends, classmates, etc.; their skills and abilities to prepare food, to observe hygiene rules when eating it; and the perception of changes in nutrition (diet, regularity, cost, etc.) during a full-scale war at home and at school. The article analyses the life, including educational, plans of schoolchildren for the near future. Prospects for further research on the selected issues are determined.

Sociology in Schools: Fostering Social Awareness and Responsibility

This study aims to investigate the role of sociology in schools, specifically focusing on how it helps students develop social awareness and responsibility. By analyzing existing literature, the study aims to identify the methods used to integrate sociological concepts into school curricula and understand the impact of these interventions on students. The research method involves systematically analyzing scholarly documents such as peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports. The analysis focuses on identifying key themes and approaches used in implementing sociology in schools, examining the theoretical foundations, pedagogical strategies, and empirical evidence associated with integrating sociological concepts into educational settings. The findings emphasize the importance of incorporating sociology into school curricula. The study reveals that a sociological education not only enhances students' understanding of complex societal issues, but also cultivates critical thinking skills, encouraging students to question prevailing norms and inequalities. Additionally, the synthesis of diverse perspectives, as evidenced in the literature, contributes to the development of cultural competence and an appreciation for social diversity. The integration of sociology in schools emerges as a pivotal tool for nurturing socially conscious individuals who can make meaningful contributions to their communities. In conclusion, this research highlights the transformative potential of sociology in schools. By fostering social awareness and responsibility, sociology becomes a catalyst for positive societal change. The insights gained from this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role sociology can play in shaping socially conscious and responsible citizens.

LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF LEGAL ENTITIES: DOCTRINAL APPROACHES AND APPLICATION IN TAX LAW

The theory of legitimate interests was created within the sociological school of law. Interests have been interpreted as an individual’s aspiration to meeting its own needs. The theory has been directed on researching individuals’ legitimate interests. The question of corporate interests has been not properly researched, the problem of a subject of a legitimate interest has been not the point of discussion in a legal theory. There is no unanimous point of view on corporate interests within a science of civil law. Two opposite points of view coexists in the doctrine: interests of corporations are real (realistic theories); only interests of sharers are real ( ction theory). It is possible to recognize the existence of corporation’s legitimate interests with speci c legal nature, derived from entrepreneurial activity of a corporation. Legitimate interests are used by courts in the resolution of tax disputes, for example, by applying the principle of ‘bona de’ tax administration. By analysis, other legitimate interests of a legal entity are legitimate expectations and the ‘tax reconstruction’. The research on the topic of legitimate interests of corporations are perspective for the tax law.

SOCIAL ANALYSIS, VOLUME 13, 2023, SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF SAPIENTIA HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITY OF TRANSYLVANIA

Volume 13 of 2023 of the journal Social Analysis contains several contributions on sociology in Romania and Hungary at different moments of evolution during the twentieth century. The first four articles deal with aspects of the activity of the Bucharest Sociological School, while four other contributions concern sociology in Hungary. In several articles there are comparisons between the two sociological movements or references to broader developments in Central and Eastern Europe. If about Romanian sociology we receive only information related to the Monographic School, regarding Hungary the articles have a much wider area: from nationalist sociological concerns at the beginning of the twentieth century, to the reorganization of sociology after the Revolution of 1956 and reaching biopolitical approaches with echoes in contemporary Hungary.

Social spaces: from Georg Simmel to Erving Goffman

Focusing on the concept of social space in the writings of three sociologists, Georg Simmel, Robert E. Park, and Erving Goffman, this article examines the classic theoretical formulations of social spaces in the tradition of the Chicago School of Sociology. For Simmel and the Chicago School, the foundation of social spaces lies in the social interactions among actors, and social entities and structures emerge from these interaction processes. This theoretical tradition emphasizes the interdependence of physical space and social space, highlighting two featured assumptions about social space: endogeneity and temporality. It also focuses on the relationship between spaces and human emotions.

«Пригородный тренд»: первый социологический взгляд на городскую периферию

The article is devoted to a review of Paul Douglas's book “Suburban Trend” - one of the first sociological studies on the suburbs. Analyzing the early stages of suburbanization, this work is very valuable for the analysis of modern processes of suburbanization in Russia. At the same time, this book remains in the shadow of the more famous works of the Chicago School of Sociology and is almost unknown to the Russian reader.

The Chicago School of Sociology and the origins of career studies

The Chicago School of Sociology and the origins of career studies

Professional Education for Social Work in Britain: An Historical Account (A Book Review)

This article is a review of Marjorie J. Smith's book, Professional Education for Social Work in Britain: An Historical Account, 2022. We present a comprehensive historical expression of the evolution of vocational education for social workers in the United Kingdom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The focus was on the initial training methods in social workers institutions, the transition to formal training schemes, the establishment and challenges of the School of Sociology, as well as the merger with the London School of Economics (LSE). This paper explores the ongoing tension between academic education and practical professional training in social work. As a valuable resource, this paper outlines the philosophical foundations, pedagogical approaches, and institutional challenges that shape social worker training. Through historical exhibitions, committee reports, and practical work reports, this paper provides a rich narrative that emphasises the importance of comprehensive education that integrates theoretical knowledge with practical skills. The review assesses the content, structure, and contribution of this book to the field of social worker education, exploring the target audience, advantages, and potential constraints as well as their relevance in contemporary discussions on training and preparation of social workers. In conclusion, the merger of the School of Sociology with the London School of Economics is not only a strategic step to maintain the quality and coverage of social worker education but also depicts further reflection on narratives that integrate social thinking and action into a more sustainable institutional framework.

Influence of Gamification Media on the Learning Activities of Sociology in The High School of Surakarta

Education influences students to be innovative, creative, and productive individuals. The study aims to find out the impact of gamification media use on educational activities in schools in Surakarta. Quantitative Research Methods with Survey Approaches to Higher Secondary Schools in Surakarta. Measurements in using SPSS 25 with Cronbach’s alpha variable learning media gamification and pupil activity, normality tests, heterocadastisity tests, deviations, correlation values, and determination coefficients (R square) The collection shows that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted because the regression factor has a value of significance < 0.05, so some suggest that there is a significant influence between the use of gamified media and activation. The study results show that the correlations or relations values table (R) is 0.335 and a determination factor (R square) of 0.112 means that the influence of the gamifying media (X) on the activity (Y) is 11.2%, partially suggesting that there are significant influences between the usage of gamification media and student activity.

Indonesian sociography: analysis of themes and the implications for strengthening high school sociology learning in Indonesia

This qualitative study aimed to assess the extent to which the 2013 Curriculum high school sociology coursebooks are informed by the results produced by the field of Indonesian sociography. In particular, the research is focused on which sociographic themes appear in coursebooks, their percentages and how they are presented. The data were drawn from 21 coursebooks, from seven publishers. Based on the results of content analysis, four main themes were found: social structure (S=395); social changes (S=58); social stratification (S=47); and social processes (S=44). In addition, 36 ethnic groups were identified, across seven major islands. This research also found that the study of Indonesian sociography presented in high school sociology coursebooks actually seeks to raise students’ ethnic awareness, given that Indonesia is a pluralistic and multicultural country; although in some cases it still requires strengthening for content aspects and learning instructions/guidelines for pedagogical aspects.

The Implementation of The Social Role of Sociology Teachers in The Community (Study of Teachers in North Lombok)

This research aims to describe the implementation of the social role of high school sociology teachers in North Lombok within the community and the influencing factors. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The research subjects are high school sociology teachers in North Lombok. The informants are community leaders in the areas where the research subjects reside. Data were collected using interview techniques, observation, and documentary study. Data analysis was conducted through qualitative analysis steps, including data reduction, data presentation, verification/conclusion drawing. The results of the research show that the implementation of the social role of high school sociology teachers in North Lombok in the community includes: (1) as leaders in the community, both formal leaders and informal leaders. Formal leaders serve as village heads, while informal leaders serve as heads of local community organizations, women's groups, and mosque/musalla construction committees. (2) as facilitators in finding donors to support public facility development. (3) as mediators connecting youth with local community leaders to communicate various programs initiated by the youth. (4) as initiators of various activities, including initiating the establishment of Islamic schools, initiating the creation of Quranic reading centers, initiating the renovation of mosques and musallahs, and initiating social service activities. (5) as participants, with sociology teachers actively participating in various community activities, such as community work groups, community cleanup, reforestation, social service activities, sports events, and local community competitions. Factors influencing the implementation of the social role of high school sociology teachers in North Lombok within the community include supporting factors and hindering factors. Supporting factors consist of family support and local community solidarity. Hindering factors include the busyness of the community with unpredictable work schedules and the relatively low level of education in the local community, which makes it challenging to build understanding and awareness among the local population.

Sejarah Sosiologi Pendidikan

One of the goals of education is to develop each person to reach their highest potential and provide opportunities to achieve everything in life according to their natural abilities. However, there are still many people who doubt that any education system can achieve these goals perfectly. Several cases in schools that occur include inequality in school welfare with imperfect coordination of learning progress. The introduction of sociology in schools is rarely well received by students. In fact, people must be able to apply it in their daily social life. The method used is the qualitative research method Library Research using information collection such as books, journals, documents, magazines, stories and history from the library. The aim of this article is to understand how the history of the sociology of education developed in line with the development of social science. The result is that the birth of Sociology of Education was influenced by three factors, firstly the very rapid development of society, secondly by teacher factors, thirdly by motivational factors in education. Sociology became a separate science in the 19th century. In 1916, New York and Columbia universities established departments of educational sociology. In 1917, the first Sociology textbook was published, compiled by Walter R. Smith. In 1923, the Sociology of Education Association was formed by the Congress of the American Sociological Association. In Indonesia, the Sociology of Education course only appeared in 1967 and was included in the curriculum of the Didactic and Curriculum Department at the Faculty of Education, IKIP Yogyakarta. Figures in Sociology of Education include (a) Lester Frank Word (b) John Dewey (c) Emile Durkheim (d) Karl Mannheim (e) Talcott Parson (f) E George Payne.

Pemantapan Profesi Keguruan (P2k) Kegiatan Profesi Keguruan

Education is crucial for human resources in Indonesia; factors such as inequality of teaching staff, lack of facilities and budget affect the quality of education. Creative teachers in learning methods determine success. The PBL approach in sociology in high school is considered relevant, despite challenges such as lack of social interaction and motivation to learn. Research at SMAN 8 Mandai focuses on implementing PBL using the PTK method in two cycles, involving PBL learning innovation with exploration, elaboration and confirmation stages. Evaluation uses observation, tests and interviews. The results show significant improvement in cycle II, reaching the level of learning completeness. In conclusion, PBL is effective in improving the quality of sociology learning in class XI IPS 1 SMAN 8 Mandai.

Computing: Paradigm shifts, adoption, new digital professionals rising

Computing: Paradigm shifts, adoption, new digital professionals rising Dr Joanna Leng, School of Computing, University of Leeds, UK and Dr Phillip Brooker, School of Sociology, University of Liverpool, Emeritus and Prof Wes Sharrock, School of Sociology, University of Manchester, focus on computing: paradigm shifts, charting the adoption and the rise of new digital professions. The historical lineage of research software delivery models is visualised in Fig 1, showing that research software delivery in universities is now cyclic, breaking approximately every ten years. In recent cycles, the research software delivery model in universities has been systematically centralised and administratively unified, making the model similar to Hick’s model of pre-1960s computing labour where programming was gendered towards women as sub-clerical support work, as opposed to being foundational to academic teaching and research practice.

Digital-based Learning in Social Science Cluster Subjects in High School with Curriculum Merdeka

This study aims to evaluate digital-based learning in Social Sciences cluster subjects (sociology, geography, economics, history and civic education) in Senior High Schools with an independent curriculum. The research method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. This descriptive research is used with the aim of knowing the value of independent variables without making comparisons or correlating with other variables. Data were collected through questionnaires developed based on key indicators of digital learning variables. The respondents of the study were teachers who taught social subjects and students who were taught. The results of the study found: The type of ICT used was 66.1%; the utilization rate of technology in learning is 82.6%; the level of student proficiency in the use of ICT technology is 73.4%; the level of teacher commitment to use ICT technology in learning is 76.1%; digital learning success rate is 77.0%. The teacher satisfaction rate was 74.9% and the student satisfaction rate was 88.8%. From this indicator data, it can be concluded that digital-based learning in social science cluster subjects in Senior High Schools in Makassar City is 77.0% or is in the very high category.
 Keywords: digital learning, social sciences