Sociological Study Research Articles

«Демографический» фактор рождаемости: оценка потенциала территории на примере Нижегородской области

Introduction. Despite the implementation of serious measures in the framework of state family policy to stabilise the demographic situation, it remains difficult in most regions. This is due, firstly, to the new challenges the country is facing, and secondly, to the complexity of the very processes that need to be controlled. Population size, being a complex quantitative indicator of the stability of society, is determined by a number of demographic processes, among which fertility remains the main one. The number of studies attempting to identify the factors determining fertility trends is growing. All of them demonstrate the complexity and multifactorial nature of the process and the changes taking place. More and more often attention is paid to the demographic characteristics (sex-age and marriage structure) of the population as a starting point from which to begin the assessment of the territory and its reproductive potential.Nizhny Novgorod region, being a typical Russian region, has been demonstrating an unfavourable scenario of demographic situation development in recent decades. The article attempts to describe and assess the reproductive potential of the region, to identify the possibilities and limitations of fertility growth in the current conditions, based on the analysis of the ‘demographic’ factor.Materials and methods. The analysis and conclusions are based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service on demographic processes in Russia and the region for 1990-2023 (population size, birth rate, marriage rate, divorce rate), as well as on the data of regional sociological studies on fertility and family/reproductive behaviour.Results and discussion. The results of the study provide little basis for a favourable forecast in the region. On the one hand, the sex and age structure of the population is not yet characterised by disproportion in fertile ages, except for the oldest groups. However, there is a high probability of its appearance in younger ages under current conditions. In addition, active and potential fertile groups of women are significantly smaller than older groups. The marriage structure is becoming more stable, but with a high probability of divorce, acceptability of cohabitation, and a shift of births to older groups. The studies record a persistent gap between the desired and actual number of children in different socio-demographic groups, which, from the authors' point of view, is important and requires careful research to correctly stimulate fertility.

Analysıs of the 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake as a challenge ın dısaster sociology under the guıdance of Bruno Latour and Terrestrıal

Current studies in disaster sociology, which were initiated and developed mostly in the USA upon the request of the army, are far from meeting the needs today. Today, more than ever, new theoretical and methodological approaches that are not human-centered are needed. The research, a part of which is presented here, aims to render invisible the damages and losses suffered by those who are marginalized by the powerful, in disasters in general and earthquakes in particular. The main question of this research is how to address the damages suffered by soil plants and animals, including immigrants in Turkey, due to the disaster on 6February 2023.(Based on this, the main question of the study is how to address the damages of the natural environment, including plants, animals and soils, as well as Syrian immigrants in Turkey, who were affected by the earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş on 6February 2023, which we experienced most recently, will be addressed with an antipositivist approach.) For this purpose, unlike classical sociological approaches, based on relational sociology, how immigrants, plants, animals and soil are affected together during the uncertainty and complexity in daily life has been analyzed based on available written and visual documents. The findings were discussed with a holistic view, based on the ‘One World’ terminology suggested by relational sociologist Bruno Latour. It has been revealed that due to the earthquake turning into a major disaster, the resident population has become openly or secretly immigrants, and they have been marginalized like other creatures, especially international immigrants, most of whom are Syrians, have been blamed, excluded and rendered invisible. While the research results reveal the inadequacy of classical essentialist sociological approaches based on the basic duality of nature and society, they also show that ‘differences’ and ‘uncertainties’ come to the fore in daily life instead of linear determinations. In addition, while the importance and contributions of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies with concepts such as ‘liminality’ and ‘turning point’ are exhibited, on the other hand, some suggestions are made based on Bruno Latour’s ‘One World’ approach.

Forms of Criminal Acts in The Novel Save Me by Caaay and The Novel Janji by Tere Liye (Study of Sociology of Literature)

This research aims to find various forms of criminal acts contained in two novels, entitled Save Me by Caaay and Janji by Tere Liye. The first novel entitled Save Me was published in June 2023 by publisher Skuad x Akad, while the second novel entitled Janji was published in July 2021 by publisher Sabakgrip. The data found is in the form of text in the two novels, as evidence of the various forms of criminal acts committed. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method and a literary sociology approach with Sigmund Freud's personality theory. Sigmund Freud's personality theory includes three aspects; Id as a biological aspect, Ego as a psychological aspect and Superego as a sociological aspect. The results of the research found various forms of criminal acts in the novel Save Me by Caaay and the novel Janji by Tere Liye, such as theft, fighting, bullying, drunkenness, threats, fraud, violence, harassment, destruction of facilities and murder. This form of criminal action cannot be separated from social, moral, legal and educational values which can provide inspiration for writers and readers. These actions are a reflection of social society that often occurs recently. The novel Save Me and novel Janji teaches mutual respect, help, support, inspiration and the importance of paying attention to cases of bullying that are rife.

Joy Beyond the Gender Binary: Experiences, Constructions, and Barriers of Joy in Nonbinary Lives

ABSTRACT Sociologists have increasingly begun exploring the experiences of gender-expansive populations; however, these studies are oversaturated with negative experiences of prejudice and discrimination and do not accurately portray the joy that accompanies identifying outside of the gender binary. This omission of joy prevents a comprehensive exploration of gender-expansive lives, potentially reinforcing stereotypes and contributing to the marginalization of their diverse narratives. To address the growing concern about the “joy deficit” in sociology and trans studies, I conducted in-depth interviews with 28 nonbinary people in which they discussed their experiences of joy. This study identifies four key dimensions of nonbinary joy: 1) discovery of gender identity; 2) authentic expression of gender; 3) external affirmation of identity and expression; and 4) engagement with validating communities. However, interviewees also discussed individual and social factors that frequently created barriers to experiencing these forms of joy. By examining both the sources of nonbinary joy and obstacles to its realization, this research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of gender-expansive identities. Furthermore, this project reveals joy as a social constructed phenomenon, influenced by structural factors that govern its accessibility and manifestation, rather than an individual state of being.

Characteristics of health-preserving competence of future physical education teachers in the structure of professional training

This article presents the results of a sociological study aimed at assessing health-preserving competence and its role in the professional training of future physical education teachers. The goal of the research is to characterize the health-preserving competence of future physical education teachers within the structure of professional training during wartime and postwar conditions. Research methods include theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, sociological research, pedagogical research methods (observation), and mathematical analysis methods. The study involved 53 students from the first to fourth years of the specialty 014.11 Secondary Education. Physical Culture at Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University. Students' self-assessment of their level of health- preserving competence was divided into four levels: high, sufficient, average, and low. Only 7.4% of respondents rated their level as high, while the majority rated it as sufficient or average. The research identified the main reasons leading to low or average self- assessment of professional culture: insufficient number of practical classes (27.8%), lack of independent work (20.4%), insufficient theoretical knowledge (14.8%), and low level of motivation and interest (14.8%). Key aspects of health-preserving competence for future physical education teachers were determined. Despite the significant attention of higher education institutions to the formation of health-preserving competence, only 51.9% of students regularly implement components of a healthy lifestyle. The most effective means of forming health-preserving competence were identified as the integration of relevant aspects into the curriculum, conducting master classes, practical exercises, and organizing sports events. The study emphasizes the need to improve educational programs to enhance the level of health-preserving competence, which includes increasing the number of practical classes, stimulating students' independent work, and strengthening their motivation to actively apply the acquired knowledge in everyday life and professional activities.

Практики обращения в православие возрастной когорты 70+: модель «отложенного обращения»

The article presents an analysis of the practices of conversion to Orthodoxy of the age cohort of 70+ in the context of the "deferred conversion" model. The degree of elaboration of the problem in modern Russian sociological discourse is described. The author's definition of the treatment process is proposed. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis of the process of conversion to Orthodoxy are indicated, including: an interdisciplinary approach; an integrative paradigm in the sociology of religious conversion (religious conversion); a generational approach. The description of a qualitative sociological study of the peculiarities of conversion to Orthodoxy of the age cohort of 70+ is presented. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural components and meaningful characteristics of the process of conversion to Orthodoxy of the age cohort of 70+. It is noted that within the framework of the study, empirical data was collected using the biographical method, the sample was built using the "snowball" method, the survey of respondents was conducted using semi-structured biographical interviews. The subjects of the study were parishioners of urban and rural Orthodox churches (n = 23) – people born in the 1920s (n = 4), 1930s (n = 7), 1940s (n = 12). On the basis of the results of the study, the general description of the cases of "delayed conversion" to Orthodoxy of the age cohort of 70+ is proposed. The practices of conversion to Orthodoxy of this social group are described: mastered in the parental family; reproduced during the period of suspension of the development of Orthodox identity; intensifying the process of conversion in old age.

Rethinking the Concept of Families: A Sociological Study of Single Parenting in India

Single parent families are considered as a taboo in most of the societies especially when a family is a single parent family. Single parent families face tremendous challenges to sustain a family. They come across social, economic, psychological and several other challenges. When the challenges become grave and surrounds from all directions the achievements are overshadowed, this is what happens to a single parent. The hard work, success and achievements diminish behind the challenges posed by society and situations on a single parent. In this paper focus is put on the reasons behind increasing number of single parent families in India especially single mother headed families. The author in the paper brings forward the development of a new form of parenting in Indian society, using secondary research method and descriptive research design.

Formation of Inter-Ethnic Solidarity of The Kazakhstani Society Based on The Implementation of The Multiculturalism Concept in The Student Environment

The article presents the results of a sociological study on the problem of modern inter-ethnic relations among students based on the concept of multiculturalism. The purpose of this study is to identify the attitudes of urban students towards the implementation of the ideology of multiculturalism, and the implementation of interethnic communication; to identify possible strategies for their behavior in a situation of interethnic tension and conflict in the context of the implemented state policy in the field of interethnic relations. The survey showed that Kazakhstani students have a high level of interethnic tolerance and are ready to enter into interethnic relations, which confirms the existence and implementation of the ideas of multiculturalism. The ideas of multiculturalism in the higher education system of Kazakhstan are implemented through various mechanisms that allow for preserving ethnic diversity and strengthening interethnic harmony, which contributes to the formation of interethnic solidarity in society.

Disorganisasi Keluarga dalam Novel Sunyi Paling Riuh Karya Fajar Sulaiman

This research aims to determine the forms of family disorganization in the novel Sunyi Terriuh by Fajar Sulaiman, the factors causing family disorganization in the novel Sunyi Terriuh by Fajar Sulaiman, and the impact of family disorganization in the novel Sunyi Terriuh by Fajar Sulaiman. This research uses the theory of literary sociology studies. This research is literary research using descriptive methods. The data source for this research is the novel Sunyi Terriuh by Fajar Sulaiman. The results of this research are forms of family disorganization, namely (a) cancellation, separation, divorce and abandonment and (2) empty membrane families. The factors causing disorganization are divided into two, namely internal factors (from within), namely (a) lack of mature thinking or processing of the household which leads to continuous fighting and loss of harmony in the household, (b) Selfish attitudes, namely attitudes that are more selfish. own interests rather than shared interests (c) busyness problems. The impact of family disorganization (a) makes children stressed, children become violent (b) aggressive, children will lose their role. models, (c) children's education becomes disrupted, and (d) children become easily sensitive.

The problem of vaping among the young population

Objective: to study the prevalence of vaping and its negative impact on the health of young people.Materials and methods: a sociological study was conducted using a voluntary anonymous survey of 430 1st–6th year students of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kaluga State University n. a. K.E. Tsiolkovsky” aged 17 to 54 years.Results: there were 102 smoking respondents (23.7%) and 328 (76.3%) non-smokers. The average age of smoking initiation was 18.2±0.4 years. The distribution by type of smoking was as follows: vaping with nicotine liquids 46%, regular nicotine cigarettes 28.5%, heated tobacco systems (sticks) 9.8%, vaping with nicotine-free liquids 6.9% and other types of smoking 8.8%. The majority of vapers surveyed, 64.8% (35 people), develop complaints (signs of lung injury associated with vaping) during or after vaping. It was found that significantly more often women noted signs of injury associated with vaping (77.2% versus 22.8% in men, p=0.0036).Conclusions: the results of the study showed that vaping is the most popular form of smoking among young people, which poses a serious threat to the health of young people.

To the Journal, the American Sociologist

AbstractSociology is a field that examines the social construction of various aspects of human life, including gender and sexuality, and explores how these are produced and perceived by individuals, groups, and institutions. In Italy, despite resistance to institutionalization, Gender Studies have significantly enriched sociology by identifying new research areas and generating innovative analytical categories. Initially linked to second-wave feminism, Gender Studies gained momentum in the Western world from the mid-1970s, exploring the nature-culture-society relationship and its impact on bodies, sexuality, and identity within specific cultural contexts. The Gender Studies section within the Italian Sociology Association was established in 2012 after a prolonged accreditation process. While gender issues entered Italian social sciences in the late 1970s, their integration varied across research areas. Sociology, with its broad analytical frameworks, has played a crucial role in understanding and addressing gender disparities in a country marked by a discriminatory welfare system. The integration of gender perspectives into sociological research has fostered a deeper understanding of Italian social reality and reshaped scientific paradigms. Moreover, sociology’s comprehensive approach to studying social inequalities has been instrumental in highlighting the importance of gender studies within academia. Recent years have witnessed increased attention to Gender Studies in Italian universities, reflecting legislative mandates and evolving cultural attitudes. More scholars, including men, are engaging with gender issues, expanding research beyond women’s status to encompass diverse sexual and gender identities. Approaches like intersectionality promise to broaden the scope of Gender Studies within Italian sociology, offering new avenues for exploration and analysis. The collaboration between sociology and gender studies continues to enhance the academic environment and contributes significantly to the evolution of Italian society.

Potret Perundungan dalam Novel Alaska Letta Karya Didik Sabrullah

This research aims to determine the forms of bullying in the novel Alaska Aletta by Didik Sabrullah, the factors that cause bullying in the novel Alaska Aletta, and the impact of bullying in the novel Alaska Aletta. This research uses the theory of literary sociology studies. This research is literary research using descriptive methods. The data source for this research is the novel Alaska Aletta by Didik Sabrullah. The results of this research are forms of bullying, namely (a) physical bullying, (b) verbal, and (c) psychological. The factors that cause bullying are divided into two, namely (a) family influence factors and (b) peer influence factors. There are two impacts of bullying, namely, (a) individual impact and (c) social impact.

Race and Ethnicity in the Sociology of Cultural Production and Consumption

This review examines cultural production and consumption through the lens of race and ethnicity. Although the sociological study of race, ethnicity, and cultural production and consumption (RECPC) is growing, it is scattered across various subfields. This review aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how race and ethnicity intersect with cultural production and consumption by bringing this scholarship together. I discuss five dominant themes in the scholarship: classification, valuation and evaluation, representations, market outcomes, and cultural capital. The article concludes with implications for future sociological research on RECPC.

Old wine in new wineskins: Christian nationalism, authoritarianism, and the problem of essentialism in explanations of religiopolitical conflict

AbstractIn 2001, John Levi Martin published a critique of authoritarianism scholarship, arguing that it was marred by fundamental biases of tautology, selective interpretation, and overtheorization of some research subjects but neglect of others. Drawing from this critique, I argue that Christian nationalism scholarship in sociology operates as a variant of authoritarianism research, exhibiting similar claims, strengths, and shortcomings. In a short span of time, the Christian nationalism research agenda has come to dominate the sociological study of religion and enjoyed a high profile in public discourse, presumably due to its relevance to matters of acute political concern. However, this literature interprets empirical results based on unverified assumptions of essentially authoritarian goals and motivations while ignoring plausible alternative explanations. It further neglects respondents who are low on Christian nationalism measures, despite evidence that these respondents play a role in religiopolitical conflict. The result is an essentialist account of Christian nationalism that is politically resonant but theoretically problematic. I propose that these issues can be addressed by a shift away from essentialist and toward social models of belief systems, which offer important advantages: greater consistency with current theories of political polarization, a stronger sociological element, and less susceptibility to researcher bias.

Natural contra human sciences: the conflict between nomothetic and idiographic sciences, with special reference to S. J. Boëthius

ABSTRACT This article tackles issues central to most academic disciplines, including scientific boundary demarcation, the battle of the faculties, the theory of science, and the conflict between nomothetic and idiographic methodologies, that is, between the two main approaches to science. It does so through discovering and rethinking a Methodenstreit in Swedish political science, an academic dispute involving Professor Rudolf Kjellén, the father of geopolitics, and his greatest rival, Professor S. J. Boëthius. Shortly after retiring from the Johan Skytte Professorship at Uppsala University, S. J. Boëthius published a great but inaccessible work on state theory and its history entitled Om statslivet (On the life of the state, 1916). The book critiques the positivistic and nomothetic (law-searching) approaches of the burgeoning social sciences, which were emancipating themselves from their father, history, and becoming independent disciplines. Boëthius critiqued the nomothetic studies of history, economics, statistics, sociology, and geopolitics for overemphasizing the significance of historical, economic, statistical, sociological, and geographical environments and structures. Thus, the exponents of these new or changing disciplines were criticized for neglecting the most important driving force of human affairs in Boëthius’s mind, namely, the power of personality and individual free will.

The Conditions of Functioning of the Student Family in Modern Russia: The Main Problems and Resources of Well-Being

The research relevance of the of the Institute of student families is growing in the Russian Federation. Firstly, a student family is an object of social protection since the conditions of its functioning are associated with a number of problems. Therefore, resources are needed to form or restore well-being. Secondly, due to the decrease in the overall fertility rate and population in Russia student families can be considered as a demographic development resource. This study discusses well-being parameters of different types of student families. The purpose of this work is to systematize these parameters that determine the well–being of student families, which will allow us to draw conclusions about what resources families need. At the first stage, a theoretical analysis was carried out and definitions of the concept of “student family” were clarified. At the second stage of the study, sociological data were collected by a mass survey and factor analysis (the method of main components, Kaiser normalization) was carried out, which allowed us to determine the trends of student youth goal-setting. These goals underlie the formation of ideas about well-being. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of planned behavior, which allows us to consider the attitudes of student youth as significant for members of student families who are included in the social environment of the higher education space. As a result, it was revealed which attitudes are the basis for the formation of well-being. Empirical data were obtained within the framework of the All-Russian sociological study “Student Family of Russia” conducted by IDI FNIST RAS in 2022, the sample size was 1,388 students aged 17-28 years receiving higher professional education in 15 higher educational institutions in 12 regions of Russia. The study identified the historical conditions for changes in the institution of the student family and parameters of well-being and described different types of student families.

The «face» of modern juvenile delinquency: the results of a sociological study of the activities of the investigative departments of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation

The «face» of modern juvenile delinquency: the results of a sociological study of the activities of the investigative departments of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation

Defending the climate cause within the state: the ministry of ecology and the drafting of France’s national low-carbon strategy (2017–2020)

ABSTRACT National climate policies have generated a considerable body of research in academic literature. Focusing on the little-studied case of France, this article examines the way in which, in this country, the State has drafted its latest low-carbon strategy (SNBC). Drawing on approaches such as ‘bureaucratic politics’ and ‘administrative capacity’, it questions the ability of the administration responsible for writing this document (and thus defending the climate cause) to make its voice heard within the political-administrative arena. Based on an in-depth sociological study, this article shows that this administration found itself in a position of ‘powerlessness’, due to three main factors: instrumental (the limited scope of the tool, reflecting an initial will to reduce its impact), organizational (the subordinate position of this administration within the bureaucratic hierarchy) and political (weak support from government). The result is a contested strategy, unlikely to bring about a credible roadmap to implement the necessary changes.

Environmental Facility of Food Products as a Factor of Market Positioning

The purpose of the article is to analyze the reactions of consumers to the quality characteristics of food products, in particular related to the level of their environmental friendliness, in order to develop proposals for improving the communication programs of manufacturers of these products in Ukraine. The authors describe the reactions of consumers to the qualitative characteristics of food products based on the results of a sociological study. 1269 people participated in the study, including 539 (42.5%) men and 730 (57.5%) women. The distribution of respondents by age is as follows: from 18 to 20 years old - 68 people or 5.4%; from 21 to 30 years old - 367 people or 28.9%; from 31 to 40 years old - 705 people or 55.5%; over 40 years old – 129 people or 10.2%. The age structure of respondents shows that about 90% of respondents belong to generations Y and Z, according to the well-known American classification. The intensifying competition among food manufacturers in Ukraine requires them to improve their own communication programs and positioning strategies by identifying significant emotional and functional attributes of the specified products. The conducted sociological study of the purchasing behavior of consumers on the food market in Ukraine contributes to the solution of this problem. The authors identified a number of factors influencing the formation of stereotypes of food quality perception. Indicators of environmental friendliness and safety for human health turned out to be the most important attributes in market positioning. The results of the study serve as a methodological basis for improving the communication programs of food manufacturers, contribute to the development of healthy competition among them. The findings of this study can be considered important as a guide for future research.

Media property: Mapping the field and future trajectories in the digital age

Ownership has been a core research theme in parts of media and communication science since its establishment as a distinct research field. In particular, scholars in the field of political economy of the media, media sociology and media industry studies typically pay close attention to the role ownership has on various media and communication processes. In this article, we argue, however, that media ownership has been treated largely as a black box ignoring the inner workings and dynamics of it. Filling this void, we reach out to research on ownership from the field of political economy, sociology as well as social and legal philosophy to discuss two options to conceptually grasp the ‘inner workings of property’. To showcase the importance of this conceptual redefinition, the article discusses the implications of unpacking property in the realm of digital capitalism.