Sociological Research Methods Research Articles

ВПЛИВ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ПІДХОДІВ НА ФІЗИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ШКОЛЯРІВ З ВАДАМИ СЛУХУ В ПРОЦЕСІ АДАПТИВНОГО ФІЗИЧНОГОВИХОВАННЯ

Introduction. Correcting the physical development of students with hearing impairments requires an individual approach and the use of specialized methods and tools. Each student with hearing loss may have unique needs and capabilities. Therefore, it is important to create individualized physical education programs that take into account the specific limitations and capabilities of each student. It is important to develop and implement innovative approaches for children with hearing impairments that would have an impact on the physical development of schoolchildren along with the correctional and health-improving orientation of the entire process of adaptive physical education. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and implement an innovative methodology of adaptive physical culture for the correction of physical development of children with hearing impairments in the process of adaptive physical education. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalisation of scientific literature data, sociological research methods, somatometric and physiometric research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The developed algorithm consisted of comparing two groups of 15-year- old schoolchildren with hearing impairment (boys (n=14), girls (n=12)) (control and experimental groups). Difference of content of classes in two groups of pupils was in means and methodical approaches to solution of correctional tasks in the process of physical education. In the first group, all training sessions were conducted in accordance with the physical education programme. In the second group, the methodology of correction of physical development included the following forms of training: exercises of different structure and focus to improve physical development indicators; increasing the level of functional capabilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems; balancing the psycho-emotional state (correctional games, tourist training skills, various types of health and recreational physical activity, improving the development of fine motor skills, exercises aimed at correcting and lagging behind in physical development), as well as an innovative program developed taking into account the needs and capabilities of children with hearing impairments. The innovative programme contained interactive exercises, included video tutorials with subtitles, games and tasks that can stimulate physical development, coordination and joint interaction.Conclusions. As a result, the implementation of the proposed methodology is confirmed by positive changes in the level of physical activity, improvement of general health and correction of physical development in the process of adaptive physical education of schoolchildren with hearing impairments.

Islamic Law View on Protecting the Rights of Housewives at Risk of Contracting HIV/AIDS

This article examines the perspective of Islamic law regarding the protection of the rights of housewives at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS from their husbands. Although HIV/AIDS is not a new issue, its impact on families, especially housewives, remains an essential concern in legal and public health contexts. Within the framework of Islamic law, individual rights, including women's rights, are guaranteed and need protection. This research uses normative legal and sociological research methods with a case approach. The results show that Islamic law has a vital role in protecting the rights of housewives who are at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS from their husbands. These rights include the right to know the husband's health status, the right to obtain protection, the right to refuse sexual relations, and the right to get a divorce. Islamic law places great responsibility on husbands to protect the health of their wives and families. Husbands are expected to maintain the welfare of their wives and families, including by taking preventive steps against the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Apart from that, Islamic law also emphasises the importance of fidelity in the husband-wife relationship. Husbands are expected to be faithful to their wives, which is also a preventive measure against the transmission of HIV/AIDS. If a husband fails to fulfil his responsibility to protect his wife from contracting HIV/AIDS, Islamic law gives the wife the right to seek protection, including through legal remedies such as requesting a fatwa from ulama or even filing a divorce petition. This research is expected to help increase public understanding of the rights of housewives at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, as well as encourage efforts to protect their rights.

Entrepreneurship as career choice of Russian students: the role of university education, cultural traditions, and gender stereotypes

In this paper, based on our own recent sociological survey of more than 800 students of 15 Russian universities, we explore the views of Russian students regarding entrepreneurship as their possible choice of a future career. We are interested above all in the role of university education in shaping these views. However, in order to scrutinize this role to full extent, we place our study in the broader framework of national cultural traditions which constitute an integral contributing factor and underlying influence not only in educational, but also in the general existential realm. In this context, we argue that a substantial impact on the students’ future career choice is made by existing gender differences based on the stereotypes of the ‘typically male’ and ‘female’ employment fields. Our study demonstrates, in particular, that Russian students display—notably, just as the older generation of educated Russians too—a noticeable conservatism in their career choices (including entrepreneurial aspirations), by adhering to the traditional cultural values and gender perceptions. We also provide a nuanced analysis of the motivations and expectations associated with choosing an entrepreneurial career by our respondents. Our method of collecting information is chosen to be questionnaire-based—as most effective for descriptive research—which is then complemented by further qualitative analytics intended to reveal hidden causal connections. Our approach is interdisciplinary, as it combines sociological research methods with socio-economic and culturological analysis.

Качественные методы социологического исследования в рамках сенситивных тематик

The aim of this work is to describe the existing qualitative sociological research methods with a focus on maximizing their potential within the context of sensitive topics. The article explores the functions of qualitative methods, the historical background of their development and implementation in sociology. Furthermore, it delves into the concept of sensitive topics and their specifics, providing a list of suitable methodologies for studying such sociological issues. The study involves the processing of theoretical concepts from a range of authors – both domestic and foreign – who have contributed to the development of qualitative sociological methods in the context of sensitive topics. It is noted that the method of in-depth interviewing has gained recognition as the most effective when applied to sensitive topics. However, it is emphasized that its use is fraught with difficulties not only for respondents but also for researchers, as it exerts significant emotional pressure on both parties. It is concluded that qualitative methods of sociological research demand a high level of expertise from the researcher-practitioner, particularly within sensitive topics. While in-depth interviewing remains a cornerstone approach, its implementation requires sensitivity and skill to navigate complex emotional dynamics. Understanding the nuances of qualitative methods is essential for effectively addressing sensitive sociological issues.

Immunomodulatory therapy of precancers of the cervix – opinion of medical professionals and students

Objective. To assess the relevance of immunomodulatory therapy of precancerous diseases of the cervix among medical professionals and students. Precancerous diseases of the cervix combine pathological processes characterized by the structural changes in the epithelium of the cervix. If not treated, they lead to the development of cervical cancer. At present there are no selective drugs for the human papillomavirus. To administer immunotropic medicines it is necessary to know the mechanism of effect on the immune system. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform (https://vk.com/away.php?utf=1to=https%3A%2F%2Fforms.gle%2FRtT7PktnCrLqBB1x8). The questionnaire is presented as part of a one-stage (cross-sectional) study. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 graphs and tables. Empirical, sociological and statistical research methods were used. The indicators of the structure of the respondents were calculated, the reliability of the differences was determined by the Student's t-criterion, confidence differences were considered at significance of p 0.05. Results. The average age of the respondents was 30.4 ± 10.8 years. 46 people (75.4 %) are aware of the possibility of using immunomodulation as therapy for precancerous diseases of the cervix, and 15 people (24.6 %) are not aware of it. 41 respondents (67.2 %) would administer the therapy themselves and their close people; 12 people (19.7 %) find it difficult to answer; 8 respondents (13.1 %) do not agree to administer the therapy. Conclusions. Medical students have an idea about immunomodulatory therapy in gynecology in 55.9 % of cases. Doctors of different specialties in 100 % of cases are aware of the treatment, see the benefits of prescribing drugs. Students` awareness of the possibilities of immunomodulatory therapy is sufficient, they get additional knowledge from clinical recommendations on the specialty in the practical course.

The role of the pharmacist in the system of rational use of drugs for responsible self-treatment

Relevance. In the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, there is the use of drugs by the population without a physician’s appointment (including prescription leave), as well as violation of the principles of responsible self-medication. Under the current conditions, a pharmacist can play a key role in providing pharmaceutical care within the framework of responsible self-treatment and providing citizens with accessible information on the rational use of drugs.Objective. The study of the role of the pharmacist in the system of rational use of drugs by visitors of pharmacy organizations.Materials and methods. The study used methods of content analysis, sociological research (observation), comparative and mathematical statistical analysis. Regulatory documents regulating the activities of pharmacists were analyzed, as well as monitoring of pharmacy visitors who applied to a pharmacist in order to purchase drugs.Results. The professional standards of pharmacists contain requirements for ensuring or organizing the rational use of drugs by the population for the purpose of responsible self-treatment. The majority of pharmacy visitors (63.8%) purchase drugs bypassing a medical professional. A significant proportion of buyers (58.7%) do not know or approximately know what caused their poor health. At the same time, the proportion of pharmacy visitors who assume that they do not need to be prescribed by a medical professional is quite high and amounts to 41.3%.Conclusion. A low level of readiness of pharmacy visitors for the rational use of drugs has been established and the need for regular educational work on the part of pharmacists on responsible self-medication has been identified.

LEGAL GOALS AND PRIORITIES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article discusses the priority areas of strategic planning in the field of public safety in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to solve modern problems of ensuring public security in the context of globalization of international life through strategic planning of countermeasures. Materials and methods. The goal of the study was achieved taking into account general scientific and special scientific research methods. The assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken is based on statistical and sociological research methods. Results. The formation of universal and regional measures of crimes against public security at the international and national levels, which is recognized as one of the priority areas of crime prevention, leads to the accumulation of knowledge in the field of doctrinal comprehension and the development of proposals in order to optimize measures for the individual, general and special prevention of crimes against public security. Proposals have been developed to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of new directions in criminal policy focused on the modernization of criminal law and the quality of law enforcement. Findings. It is concluded that in the course of consistent activities to ensure public safety, further modernization of the priority areas of the legal framework for strategic planning is required. It is found that in the process of developing legal means of countering crimes against public security, attention should be paid to the consolidation and coordination at the federal and regional levels of administrative, regulatory, informational, organizational and practical resources that ensure the implementation of general and special preventive measures.

Оrganization of the initial training process for athletes in bodybuilding

The article examines generalized data on approaches to the construction of sports training during the year. The systematization of the data of special scientific and methodical literature on the construction of the training process of athletes in bodybuilding is presented. The article discusses the key components of methodical methods of building the educational and training process of athletes. The training of highly qualified athletes is characterized by a clearly expressed cycle. Unsolved issues of building the training process of highly qualified bodybuilders in the annual macrocycle have been identified. The purpose of the study is to systematize the data of special scientific and methodological literature on the issues of building an education. To achieve this goal, modern methods were developed: theoretical analysis and data processing, descriptive method, classification, systematization and referenced scientific and methodological literature, sociological research methods. The expansion of the number of competitions, periodic changes in the programs and rules of competitions significantly affect the training system, including its periodization. However, the analysis of numerous innovations in the field of building sports training during the year only shows that they do not in any way contradict the main provisions of the periodization system, but only complement and develop its individual parts, taking into account the features of the modern stage of bodybuilding development.
 Summing up, it should be noted that in the scientific and methodological literature, the specifics of the training process of athletes engaged in bodybuilding have been studied in depth, but the issue of developing training programs taking into account the body structure of athletes remains unresolved. Therefore, research in this direction is relevant for the theory and practice of bodybuilding.

Social care institutions workers of the far eastern federal district awareness on HIV-infection and its significance in providing quality services and lowering self-perceived HIV risk

Objective of the research: to reveal level of awareness and stigmatizing factors that influence service provision, to disclose self-perceived HIV risk of social care workers and a necessity of planning events targeted at increasing their competence concerning the issues of HIV-infection. Materials and methods: by the means of a structured questionnaire, a sociological research was conducted among 386 specialists of social care institutions of 6 constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal district. Mean age of survey participants was 41.5 years, work experience – 11.2 years. Sociological (survey) and analytical research methods were utilized in the study. Results: HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of main medical and social issues of modern days. Specialists of social care institutions will inevitably meet with people living with HIV during their practice. Their insufficient awareness about HIV transmission route, stigmatization of people living with HIV cause fear and reluctance to work with such recipients of the service. Respondents rated their knowledge on the issue of HIV-infection as satisfactory in 74.7%. All participants were well aware of main routs of HIV transmission however, mother-to-child transmission was known only by 66.1% of respondents. A certain lack of knowl­edge was revealed regarding self-perceived HIV risk as well as anxiety regarding working with HIV-infected clients and high rate of alert when working with HIV-positive colleagues. However, up to 25.7% of respondents expressed their readiness to help people living with HIV. Using condoms, disposable medical instruments and personal hygiene items as well as avoiding intravenous drug use were selected by survey participants as measures of HIV-infection prevention. Conclusion: the results of the research indicate insufficient level of awareness on the issue, because of which a con­clusion can be made that there is a certain degree of stigmatization of clients living with HIV receiving social services, as well as existence of self-perceived occupational vulnerability to HIV among social workers. This reveals a necessity of further surveillance over social workers’ knowledge to define priority topics in order to increase their professional competence on the issue of HIV-infection as well as expediency of holding training seminars for specialists of social care institutions contributing to development of their practical skills in work with HIV-positive clients.

The social, demographic and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district therapists of state and private sectors of health care

The article presents comparative analysis of demographic, social and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district therapists in state and private medical organizations. Sociological, statistical and analytical research methods were applied. The study was carried out on the basis of polyclinics of both Moscow Health Department and Moscow private health care sector. The sampling consisted of 399 questionnaires subjected to statistical processing. It is established that in state and private medical organizations, in this group of physicians prevail women 36-55 years old, born in the Russian Federation, in Moscow, married, having children and assessing one's income level as average. Most of them received their higher education in Moscow, graduated residency in therapy and have no medical category or academic degree. The professional experience consists 10 years or more. All physicians in state polyclinics hold more than one position and in private polyclinics 8.6% of physicians are underemployment. In the state sector, paternalistic model of communication with patient is preferable, in the private sector - a collegiate one. In the state sector, the collegiate management style of CEO is convenient and in the private sector - collegiate or dynamic one. In both sectors, adhocratic organizational culture is comfortable. Against the background of readiness to proceed working in current conditions, work in another sector is not excluded. The material factor is considered as main driver of professional motivation. The social, demographic and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district physicians in both sectors of health care in the main are similar, but have their own characteristics.

Study of factors influencing the occurrence of conflicts in pharmacies

The aim of the study was to investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of conflicts in pharmacies during the provision of pharmaceutical care, with the subsequent goal of optimizing the social and psychological climate within the team and improving the quality of service to the population. Materials and methods. Systematic-analytical, mathematical statistical, comparative, and sociological research methods were employed in the study. Descriptive statistics were utilized to present the obtained data. To assess the significance of individual factors, the questionnaire results were converted into corresponding component weights (Wij). Results. The study of conflicts between visitors and pharmacy employees, from the point of view of visitors, revealed several key findings. Most customers expressed dissatisfaction with the prices of medicines and medical devices (Wij = 1.00). Additionally, there were concerns about the perceived quality of the products (Wi j= 0.67), and some customers reported feeling distressed due to the unavailability of necessary medicines (Wij = 0.57). The study, conducted from the point of view of employees, focused on conflicts between employees and visitors. The findings revealed that conflicts most often arise due to dissatisfaction with the prices of medicines and medical devices (Wij = 1.00). Additionally, issues such as requests to dispense over-the-counter medicines from the list of prescription drugs (Wij = 0.70) and returning medicines to the pharmacy after purchase (Wij = 0.67) were identified as contributing factors. The analysis of factors that provoke conflicts in the pharmacy team revealed several key contributors. The most significant include the inadequate behavior of employees (Wij = 1.00), inconsistency in words, assessments, and actions of some team members with the expectations and requirements of others (Wij = 0.89), and psychological incompatibility between employees (Wij = 0.88). The study of conflicts between the administration and subordinates in the pharmacy revealed frequent occurrences linked to several factors. Most notably, conflicts were associated with an imperfect bonus system (Wij = 1.00), high workload (Wij = 0.92), and a perceived lack of career development opportunities (Wij = 0.76). Conclusions. The factors that contribute to the emergence of conflict situations in pharmacies have been identified and studied. Approaches to preventing and resolving conflicts by pharmacy employees are proposed.

Building program "wellness" for the correction of the figure of women of the first mature age

This article examines the importance of an approach to health and weight loss through the prism of the concept of Wellness in women. "Wellness" is a global approach to health care, covering physical, emotional and social well-being. The author emphasizes the importance of integrating "Wellness" into everyday life in order to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive approach to maintaining health and achieving weight loss goals.
 The article discusses the key components of wellness for women, including physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and psychological well-being. Practical tips and recommendations aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle adapted to the individual needs of women are provided.
 The article also emphasizes the importance of self-respect and a positive attitude towards one's body. "Wellness" calls for understanding the unique needs of each woman and creating a harmonious balance between physical and emotional well- being. The article provides practical advice on how to integrate simple exercise and healthy skills into women's busy daily lives.
 The following methods were used to achieve the goal: theoretical analysis and data processing, descriptive method, classification, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics.
 The research was carried out at NUFVSU, at the Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, as well as at the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" in Kyiv. Women in the first period of adulthood who work in the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" took part in the research. The total number of women is 40.
 Considering the effectiveness of a complex of wellness programs in correcting the figure of women in the first period of adulthood, a complex of high-interval training, cosmetology procedures, SPA procedures, as well as general nutritional recommendations was selected.
 Prospects for further research. Further research will be aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed program.

Carol al II-lea Ascensiunea autoritarismului și naționalismului monarhic 1934-1937, II

In the years 1934-1937, cultural “carlism” tends to have a special dynamic. The initiatives of King Carol the Second (1930-1940) gradually set up a genuine “cultural offensive”, which coincides with the work of his foundations, respectively with the activity of cultural homes in villages and with a series of strategies aimed at spreading the literacy and popularizing reading. In the name of the monarchy, three main directions of cultural action are outlined. The first is related to the policy of spreading the literacy among peasants, the second to the activity of cultural houses, and the third to the initiatives of the royal student teams. But the three strategies are also conceived as a unitary policy, focused at the same time on nationalism, monarchism and sociological research methods theorized by Dimitrie Gusti. The rise of monarchic authoritarianism is forged and encouraged, besides the king, by a multitude of intellectuals, politicians and military, among which we mention Cezar Petrescu, Pamfil Șeicaru, Vladimir and Constantin Donescu, Nichifor Crainic, Mihail Manoilescu, Nicolae Iorga, Valer Pop, Ion Nistor and Ion Inculeț.

Проблемы и перспективы социальной адаптации инвалидов в малых городах России: по результатам авторского исследования

The article presents the results of the author's research on the problems and prospects of social adaptation for young people with disabilities living in small towns in Russia. A comprehensive study was conducted in 2023 using sociological (observation, formalized survey) and psychological (projective techniques, art therapy) research methods. The aim of the study was to identify the factors of successful social adaptation among the people with disabilities (people with disabilities since childhood and people with acquired disabilities) living in the city of Murom, Vladimir region. Sociological data were obtained during the implementation of the project "Limitless Meetings," supported by a grant from the Federal Agency Rosmolodezh. The sample of the study was targeted (n = 36); the sample included people with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system and members of the Murom City public organization of support workers who are also people with disabilities, "Phoenix." During the implementation of the project, the participants were involved in proactive creative, cultural, leisure, and educational activities, which allowed the participants to focus their attention on the research goals. The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the work lie in the development and testing of tools for a comprehensive study of the social adaptation of people with disabilities and the inclusion in the analysis of social adaptation of indicators of the impact of educational and creative activities on the satisfaction of project participants. As a result, the authors have identified the factors contributing to the successful adaptation of people with disabilities and also presented a promising model of their interaction in order to increase the effectiveness of social adaptation, which was tested during the implementation of the project. The analysis of the problems and prospects of social adaptation, as well as the assessment of the interaction model of the participants of the project "Limitless Meetings," were carried out based on the results of observation, a sociological survey, and the interpretation of data obtained as a result of the use of art therapy and projective techniques. It was revealed that the level of social adaptation of the project participants increased. This was influenced by: the intensive social interaction of project participants with volunteers; their acquisition of practical skills in social networking and resume writing; and the use of technologies for the active expression of creative abilities during art therapy sessions. The practical significance of the work is the data obtained during the successful implementation of the project and the involvement of people with disabilities with diseases of the musculoskeletal system in cultural, creative, educational, and artistic activities, which can be used by specialists in correctional and rehabilitation work in rehabilitation centers for the people with disabilities, social and educational institutions, and centers of additional education in order to increase the effectiveness of social adaptation.

Public trust to institutions as a resource of interethnic consolidation in the regional community

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of trust in terms of the resource to achieve interethnic consolidation in the Russian regional community. The article indicates that trust allows developing a communication mechanism and defining how effectively social relations are built. Besides, the author uses traditional sociological research methods: structuralist and institutional approaches, social capital theory. Trust is one of the socio-psychological foundations of social harmony that determines the dynamics of basic social processes development, the integrity of society, its ability to overcome the arising difficulties. With the help of the array of secondary data analysis presented on the websites of domestic sociological centres, it is shown how in the Russian society the importance of national consolidation is clearly increasing. It is based on the increased trust at all levels of relationships: interpersonal, intergroup, institutional, and regional. This is due to the fact that Russia is one of the most multinational states in the world. If citizens do not share certain common goals and objectives, then this, as a rule, will negatively affect the interethnic consolidation of the regional or entire community of the country most. Undoubtedly, the phenomenon of trust is especially important in the transforming society. It exists in the multiethical environment of citizens and, first of all, directly at the regional level of the institutions, functioning in Russia. Trust is an indicator of values similarity and values systems of the Russian population. Today there are many examples of the decrease of trust to certain institutions, however, the approval rating regarding the activities of the President, the Government of the country, the Russian army is increasing. Thus, a positive attitude of Russians towards the political system and power structures is recorded. The same trends have begun to be noted more often in the field of interethnic consolidation and in relation to the institutions of the regional community.

Creative industries as an object of State support in the regions: The issue of setting priorities

Subject. This article discusses the issues of unlocking creative potential, and public support for small and medium-sized businesses. Objectives. The article aims to identify the sectors of the economy that are the most promising from the point of view of entrepreneurship development. Methods. For the study, we used sociological research methods. Results. The article finds that the most preferable activities from the point of view of obtaining basic and additional income are such activities as design, advertising, public relations, gastronomy, Internet activities, and photography. Conclusions. Decisions on government support for the creative industry should take into account the specifics of a particular region and the level of socio-economic development.

The Mother's Role in Building Children's Intelligence Using Social Media

Social media is a collection of internet-based applications based on web 2.0 ideology and technology to enable the creation and exchange of content by its users. The impacts arising from the covid-19 pandemic have affected all aspects, including legal, social, educational, etc. Like online schools, children often use cell phones to teach and understand that cell phones used to use social media should be intelligent and wise. This study uses sociological juridical research methods by going directly to the field to determine the actual conditions. This study indicates that mothers have difficulty understanding the importance of being intelligent and wise in using social media because if they are not wise and intelligent, it can cause new problems, not only social problems but also legal problems. The government has issued Law concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. It regulates various things to protect against the misuse of electronic information flows.

Impact of the Urban Regime on the Urban Spatial Transformation of Saint Petersburg in the 21st Century (On the Example of Ecological and Eco-Cultural Conflicts)

Aim: Identification of the features of the impact of the urban regime dynamics on the transformation of the urban space of Saint Petersburg in the 21st century.Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods of sociological research (expert survey, media content analysis, case analysis); math modeling (conversion of the conflict base into quantitative indicators, calculation of the scoring system and spatio-temporal models of the impact of the urban regime dynamics on the urban spatial transformation); mapping; typology.Results & discussion: Empirical material was obtained on the basis of spatio-temporal models. It demonstrates the features of urban changes in the context of the urban regime dynamics in Saint Petersburg. The urban regime transformation goes from the growth to the progressive regime of the middle class, there was identified new transitional urban regime of situational (tactical) coordination. Urban regime and its impact in different city parts were investigated on the basis of maps.Conclusions: Ecological and eco-cultural conflicts are relevant indicators of the urban regime dynamics and changes of the urban space. Such features are identified as the expansion of conflict zones of interaction between actors from the center of St. Petersburg to the eastern semi-periphery and periphery. At the same time, the studied processes have a complex, mosaic spatial structure.

ПОСТШЫНДЫҚ ДӘУІРІНДЕГІ МЕДИА: АНТИИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛИЗМ МЕН ПОПУЛИЗМ САЛДАРЫ

The authors of the article compare and analyze the research concepts of post-truth and pay special attention to the consequences of false information, manipulation and propaganda on public consciousness. This study also considers the representation of anti-intellectualism and populism in the media in the post-truth era, divided into several stages. Accordingly, conclusions are made about the influence of "fake news" in the era of information and communication technology and the consequences of the loss of trust in real information in the post-truth era. The aim of the research is to analyze the concepts of post-truth and the issues of populism and anti-intellectualism in the information space. In the course of the study, the main trends in the post-truth era, which have been frequently mentioned and studied in the world politics and media space in recent years, are discussed. Also, the impact and influence of "false information" in the media space on public consciousness and its consequences are analyzed. In addition, specific examples of anti-intellectualism and populism in the media are given, and different opinions and concepts about the current values of the society are compared and analyzed. The methodology of the research work is based on the analysis of methods of influence of disinformation, propaganda, manipulation, etc. in the media space in the post-truth era. Moreover, content, discourse and comparative analysis of media publications in order to determine the media literacy of social media users and their ability to recognize false information were used. The study employed surveys, drawing conclusions using sociological research methods. As a result, comparative analysis on post-truth determined the importance of information distribution in the domestic media during the years of repression before the independence and the consequences of Stalin's rule for society. Giving examples of the influence of false information in social media on the public mind, recommendations were made to improve the quality and content of traditional media. Thereafter, a conclusion was made about how and with what consequences society has come to the post-truth era. This research is one of the actual topics considered in interdisciplinary communication in the field of political science and journalism. Research on post-truth has been mentioned only in recent years among academics, who study the influence of social media on the public consciousness and modern journalism. A step-by-step analysis of the consequences of anti-intellectualism and populism in domestic media in the post-truth era can be considered a novelty of this study.

THE ATTITUDE OF YOUNG AUDIENCES TO THE NATIONAL TELETHON DURING THE WAR

The article deals with the peculiarities of demand and the justification of the functioning of the national telethon «The only news (Yedyni Novyny)» in the second year of the RussianUkrainian war through the prism of the preferences of the young audience. Attention is focused on the main arguments of criticism of the national telethon and compared with real threats and challenges. The main argument against preserving the single format of the telethon is the presentation of one-sided information and the low level of compliance with journalistic standards, in particular regarding the balanced presentation of information. Involvement of the same speakers, lack of variety of content presentation leads to the fact that the marathon becomes uninteresting for viewers. There is another, no less important argument against the preservation of a single telethon. According to some respondents, the telethon has turned into a PR platform for pro-government political forces and does not provide an opportunity for alternative politicians and experts to participate in the debate. Alternative politicians and experts are not allowed to participate. At the same time, journalists fear that the format of a single telethon may lead to the elimination of alternative sources of information. Theoretical, empirical and sociological research methods were used to conduct this study. Among the theoretical ones are the analysis of documents that regulate media activities, the drafting of legislative acts that relate to the specifics of the functioning of various spheres during the war, a review of the works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. Empirical methods include content analysis, which was applied to highlight the main topics covered in the National telethon «The only news» in the second year of the war. The content analysis was carried out by watching the broadcasts of TV channels every Friday from December 2023 to January 2024. The survey as a sociological method of information gathering was applied to study the attitude of the young audience to the national telethon «The only news» during the war.