Socio-economic Implications Research Articles

Trematode Genomics and Proteomics.

Trematode infections stand out as one of the frequently overlooked tropical diseases, despite their wide global prevalence and remarkable capacity to parasitize diverse host species and tissues. Furthermore, these parasites hold significant socio-economic, medical, veterinary and agricultural implications. Over the past decades, substantial strides have been taken to bridge the information gap concerning various "omic" tools, such as proteomics and genomics, in this field. In this edition of the book, we highlight recent progress in genomics and proteomics concerning trematodes with a particular focus on the advances made in the past 5years. Additionally, we present insights into cutting-edge technologies employed in studying trematode biology and shed light on the available resources for exploring the molecular facets of this particular group of parasitic helminths.

Environmental and socio economic implications of energy usage in Kwali town, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria

Environmental and socio economic implications of energy usage in Kwali town, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria

Analyzing the Implications of Land use Changes on Urban Planning in Mamfe Sub-Division, South West Region, Cameroon

Land use change is necessary for economic development and social progress; however, it does not come without costs. The efforts to meet the needs of the burgeoning population and its development activities, have amplified stress on the earth’s land uses with significant implications on urban planning. This study seeks to examine the trends of land use changes, causes and associated implications in Mamfe Sub-division. The study made use of primary and secondary sources of data. Simple random sampling technique was used and 164 respondents were drawn from Ebekaw, Small Mamfe, Besongabang, Okoyong and Bachuo Neighbourhoods. Data was collected through interviews, field observation, questionnaires and Landsat imageries to examine the trends, causes and implications of land use changes in Mamfe Sub-division for 1980, 2000 and 2020.The results revealed that between 1980 and 2020 agriculture and built-up (infrastructural development) were identified as the dominant activities at the expense of vegetation cover. Population increase, institutional developments, socioeconomic organization, increase in income and affluence and technological development were seen as the main causes of land use changes. This was seen through the construction of roads, modern houses, thermal plan and increase in food production which has resulted to environmental implications such loss of biodiversity, land degradation and air and water pollution. In addition, to the socio-economic implications of land use changes such as limited livelihood opportunity, increase poverty and inequality, limited access to social services, displacement and migration, and land use conflicts. The study recommends a holistic, integrated land use planning and participatory approach that incorporates social, economic and environmental considerations as well as a meaningful engagement with affected communities and stakeholders.

Emerging Threats of Begomoviruses to Cultivating Vegetables, Fruits, and Medicinal Plants and Their Management Strategies in Oman.

Begomoviruses, a group of plant-infecting viruses transmitted by whiteflies, have emerged as a significant threat to agricultural productivity in Oman. This comprehensive review examines the escalating challenges posed by begomoviruses to the cultivation of vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants in the Omani agroecosystem, while also scrutinizing the various management strategies employed to mitigate their detrimental effects. The review begins by elucidating the molecular and ecological aspects of begomoviruses, providing an in-depth understanding of their diversity, evolution, and host interactions. A critical analysis of the impact of begomovirus infections on key crops in Oman follows, exploring the nuances of symptomatology, yield reduction, and economic consequences. Emphasis is placed on the unique agroclimatic conditions in Oman that contribute to the increased vulnerability of crops to begomovirus outbreaks. Subsequently, the review synthesizes the existing knowledge of management strategies, encompassing both traditional and cutting-edge approaches. The efficacy of breeding for resistance, cultural practices, biological control, and emerging biotechnological interventions is evaluated in the context of Omani agriculture. Special attention is given to the socio-economic implications of begomovirus-related crop losses, highlighting the need for integrated and sustainable management practices to safeguard food security and farmer livelihoods. By synthesizing the latest research findings and identifying knowledge gaps, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners involved in agricultural development in Oman. It sets the stage for future research directions and underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in addressing the emerging threats of begomoviruses to the diverse and vital crops cultivated in the Sultanate.

From Field to Circular Economy: Evaluating Kenaf’s Potential Through Environmental Economics and Design

Circularity collaboration between economics and design is crucial to work together towards a common goal of sustainability through the exploration of renewable resources such as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), a fast-growing and versatile plant that has great potential as a sustainable raw material. However, the full potential of kenaf has not yet been fully explored, especially in terms of its economic and environmental benefits, as well as its application in circular design principles. Hence, the study aims to demonstrate the availability, technological processing, and socioeconomic implications of kenaf. Although numerous research has been undertaken on this plant, it is vital to revisit its potential from various viewpoints to maximize its application. This paper evaluates the role of kenaf from its early cycle into the production process in promoting its potential for environmental economics by considering circular design principles. By analyzing case studies and current market applications, the methodology used in this study involves reviewing the previous study and text documentation that provides insights into the potential of kenaf usage. The findings suggest that kenaf, when utilized effectively, can significantly contribute to resource efficiency, waste reduction, and overall environmental sustainability, positioning it as a key component in the shift towards a circular economic and circular design framework. Exploration of kenaf potential in this study not only focuses on recycling, reuse, and regeneration but also proposes a redevelopment approach for its underdeveloped materials requires collaboration between economic and design principles. Interdisciplinary studies through these field combinations can develop an efficient, productive, and sustainable economic system that would expedite the shift toward a circular economy and support the development of sustainability goals.

Current requirements and priorities in the administration of dental medical assistance provided to the population during the COVID-19 pandemic

The training of medical staff at different stages is a key element for the health system. It is important to strengthen the capabilities of the medical staff, including dentists, during the pandemic crisis. In this context, it is necessary to mention that dental care in the 21st century is subject to significant changes related to the health status of the population, to the increasing right of being informed about available medical services (including emergency) and one’s own health, the right to confidentiality of information and the patient’s privacy. Regarding research as a priority issue in medicine, the Minister of Health, Labor and Social Welfare Viorica Dumbrăveanu declared the following: “The reform in the field of science has failed”. We must all take on this responsibility and come up with a substantial motivation for those who, in addition to medicine, are doing science in the field of health. The composition of health research is incomparable with other fields. All are important, but we have seen, in the crisis situation, that health is a priority. Greek-American physician John Ioannidis, a professor of medicine at Stanford University, outlined that science was in crisis. This phenomenon can have dramatic consequences in areas such as medicine, where new studies affect the diagnosis and treatment of sick people, as pressure is applied to publish much to the detriment of quality and as a result most academic papers published in recent years are exaggerated or false. The coronavirus pandemic is more than coronavia health crisis, with unprecedented socio-economic implications and the power to generate devastating social, economic and political effects. The United Nations (UN) and other partners are already working on three medical priorities: supporting science, guided by the World Health Organization (WHO), strengthening crisis management and response, and addressing critical social and economic impacts. The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge that offered a hard lesson to the Republic of Moldova, meant to turn the political class towards the health system, primarily its staff, concluded at a meeting with the leadership of SUMPh “Nicolae Testemitanu” with the Minister of Health and Social Protection, Veronica Dumbrăveanu. Thus, the coronavirus pandemic has a major impact on health and represents a significant influence on the socio-economic situation in most countries and in the Republic of Moldova.

Economic security through technological advancements in agriculture: A pathway to sustainable agro-industrial growth

The agro-industrial complex plays a pivotal role in ensuring food security, economic stability, and sustainable development. As global challenges such as climate change, population growth, and resource depletion intensify, the need for innovative technological solutions in agriculture becomes increasingly critical. This article explores the multifaceted relationship between economic security and technological advancements in the agro-industrial sector. It examines how emerging technologies, including precision farming, biotechnology, and digital agriculture, can enhance productivity, optimize resource use, and mitigate environmental impacts. By integrating advanced technologies, agro-industrial systems can achieve greater efficiency and resilience, thus securing economic benefits for both producers and consumers. The study highlights case examples where technological interventions have successfully transformed agricultural practices, leading to improved crop yields, reduced waste, and increased profitability. Additionally, it addresses the socio-economic implications of adopting these technologies, emphasizing the importance of supporting smallholder farmers and ensuring equitable access to innovations. The findings suggest that a strategic approach to incorporating technological advancements in agriculture can create a sustainable pathway for agro-industrial growth, fostering economic security and contributing to broader socio-economic development goals. This article provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders seeking to navigate the complexities of modern agriculture and build a resilient, future-ready agro-industrial complex.

Declining lake ice in response to climate change can impact spending for local communities.

Lake ice is an important socio-economic resource that is threatened by climate change. The cover and duration of lake ice are expected to decline as air temperatures warm in the coming decades, disrupting a previously reliable source of income for many activities dependent on lake ice. The economic consequences of climate-induced lake ice loss remain unexplored, creating a significant research gap. The purpose of this study was to quantify the monetary spending associated with lake ice and how climate change may impact that value. Using a series of General Circulation Models (GCMs), greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, and models for lake ice cover, we predicted changes in lake ice by the end of the 21st century for the Northern Hemisphere. We also synthesized examples of spending associated with lake ice activities and discussed the potential implications expected with declining ice cover. We found that lake ice will decrease in area by 44,000-177,000 km2 and shorten in duration by 13-43 days by 2100. Using 31 examples of revenue from lake ice, we found that lake ice generates spending of over USD 2.04 billion to local communities and economies. We also found that countries predicted to experience the greatest ice loss by the end of the century are those that currently have the largest GDP, highest greenhouse gas emissions, and are most dependent on freshwater withdrawal. Our findings confirm predicted losses in lake ice that are expected because of climate change and quantify some of the potential consequences for local communities. Here we highlight lake ice as another casualty of human-caused climate change that will have profound socio-economic implications.

Enhancing Recreation Opportunities: A Case Study Of Sports Parks In Yunnan Province, China

This paper explores the construction, development, and socio-economic implications of sports parks in Yunnan Province, China, aiming to foster sustainable recreational experiences. Through an in-depth analysis of three emblematic cases—Kunming Cuihu Sports Park, Dali Ancient City Sports Park, and Lijiang Yulong Sports Park—it elucidates the integration of sports, leisure, and culture within these spaces. Emphasizing characteristic construction, facility maintenance, guided tours, and emergency management, the study underscores their pivotal roles in enhancing visitor experiences. The research delves into the multifaceted impact of sports parks on social development, including the promotion of healthy lifestyles, community cohesion, and local economic growth. By extrapolating insights from these cases, the paper offers valuable references for the planning and management of sports parks in diverse regions. Additionally, it outlines future directions for research, advocating for expanded data collection, nuanced understanding of cultural differences in recreational demands, and leveraging information technology to elevate service quality. These suggestions are poised to drive continuous progress in the field of sports parks, aligning with the evolving needs and aspirations of communities for an enhanced quality of life.

Assessing The Socio-Economic Implications of Biotechnology-Enhanced Food Accessibility and Affordability

This research aimed to assess the socio-economic implications of biotechnology-enhanced food accessibility and affordability. The study focused on how biotechnological advancements, such as genetically modified crops and bio-fortified foods, influenced food systems and their potential benefits for various socio-economic groups. The methodology involved a comparative analysis of the cost differences in maintaining a healthy diet across regions with differing levels of biotech adoption, evaluating the affordability and availability of these foods, particularly for vulnerable populations. Key findings indicated that biotechnology significantly improved food production through higher yields and enhanced nutritional profiles, potentially reducing food costs and increasing availability. However, the economic impacts were complex and varied by region. The research highlighted that while biotechnology could reduce food insecurity and improve diet quality for lower-income groups, socio-economic factors such as income, education, and geographic location played crucial roles in accessing these benefits. The study underscored the need for policies to ensure equitable distribution of biotechnology benefits, addressing regional disparities and socio-economic inequalities to maximize the positive impact on food security and nutrition.

Predicting depression and suicidal tendencies by analyzing online activities using machine learning in android devices

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about a profound transformation in the realm of technology, with Machine Learning (ML) within AI playing a crucial role in today's healthcare systems. Advanced systems with intellectual abilities resembling those of humans are being created and utilized to carry out intricate tasks. Applications like Object recognition, classification, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Natural Language processing (NLP), among others, have started producing magnificent results with algorithms trained on humongous data readily available these days. Keeping in view the socio-economic implications of the pandemic threat posed to the world by COVID-19, this research aims at improving the quality of life of people suffering from mild depression by timely diagnosing the symptoms using AI in android devices, especially phones. In cases of severe depression, which is highly likely to lead to suicide, valuable lives can also be saved if adequate help can be dispatched to such patients within time. This can be achieved using automatic analysis of users’ data including text messages, emails, voice calls and internet search history, among other mobile phone activities, using Text mining/ text analytics which is the process of deriving meaningful information from natural language text. Machine Learning models analyse the users’ behaviour continuously from text and voice communications and data, thereby identifying if there are any negative tendencies in the behaviour over a certain period of time, and by using this information make inferences about the mental health state of the patient and instantly request appropriate healthcare before it is too late. In this research, an android application capable of performing the aforementioned tasks in real-time has been developed and tested for various performance features with an average accuracy of 95%.

A Fallen Sutpen and a Fallen World: The Concept of the Fall in Absalom, Absalom!

ABSTRACT: Thomas Sutpen's descent from the mountains in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! (1936), a fall from the mountain paradise to the evils of slaveholding society, has long been considered comparable to the biblical Fall of Man. Surprisingly, however, the social, moral, and political overtones of Sutpen's Fall have been critically overlooked to a certain extent. This article explores Sutpen's descent from the mountains as well as the innocence that informs his design in order to showcase the full extent of Faulkner's metaphor of the Fall. I contend that the examination of Sutpen's Fall from a moral and sociological standpoint establishes an ideologically profound context in which the ethical and socioeconomic implications of Thomas Sutpen's story can be thoroughly investigated. Specifically, the article identifies Sutpen's commitment to his self-interest at the expense of others as his major transgression. For this reason, it maintains that the implications of Sutpen's story transcend the literary boundaries of the novel's nineteenth century timeframe and also comment insightfully on the moral and socioeconomic situation of the Great Depression, the devastating period within which Absalom, Absalom! was authored.

Spatio-Seasonal Habitat Suitability Model of Anisakis spp. in Chub Mackerel (Scomber Japonicus) as a Scientific-Based Approach to Provide Safety Assessment Policy of Fisheries Product in Indonesia

The infestation of Anisakis spp. in Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) may have significant health and socioeconomic implications. Understanding the spatio-seasonal occurrence of Anisakis spp. in its host, S. japonicus, is crucial ecologically and for effective management. This research aimed to develop a predictive map (spatial-seasonal patterns) for Anisakis’s infestation in S. japonicus using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. Anisakis spp. and S. japonicus occurrences were obtained through a comprehensive Bibliographic analysis of the Scopus database (2017-2022) and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) database to collect the necessary data. Environmental predictors were sourced from the Global Marine Environment Data. The resulting model demonstrated a reliable performance, as indicated by an Area Under Curve (AUC) value on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) chart exceeding 0.8. The findings of this study revealed that the infestation of Anisakis spp. in S. japonicus is projected to be more prevalent during the fourth quarter of each year. Furthermore, the environmental factors influencing the infestation were identified as diffuse attenuation, water depth, and distance from the coast. These research outcomes can be a foundational reference for developing an effective control system for inspecting fresh or frozen fish within the quarantine department. By utilizing the spatial-seasonal patterns and environmental predictors identified in this study, authorities can implement targeted measures to prevent and mitigate the infestation of Anisakis spp. in S. japonicus, safeguarding public health and maintaining the quality of fish products.

Shrinking cities in Poland: identification of the phenomenon and its socioeconomic implications

Motivation: A steady decline in the urban population is a pressing problem for many countries in the world. Urban depopulation is also observed in Poland. This phenomenon not only leads to demographic changes, but it also has economic, financial, social, and environmental implications. Numerous studies have shown that urban shrinkage has different causes and implications, which reflects the complex and multifaceted character of the problemAim: The aim of this article was to identify and classify shrinking cities in Poland based on the criterion of a steady decline in the urban population, to classify shrinking cities based the rate of urban depopulation, and to examine the relationship between urban depopulation and the indicators of local socioeconomic development.Results: Urban shrinkage was explored not only in the theoretical, but also in the practical context because this process can be expected to intensify in the future. The study demonstrated that the rate of urban shrinkage in Poland increased between 2012 and 2021 and affected a growing number of cities. Urban shrinkage was identified in 174 urban municipalities with the use of the proposed approach. These cities can be divided into three groups based on the rate of urban shrinkage. The identified groups of cities were characterized by different levels of economic growth and different relationships with the analyzed indicators of urban shrinkage.

Critical theory of the energy transformation: Sociology’s approach

This article explores the critical theory of energy transformation within sociology, aiming to understand and enhance societal change. It investigates the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, analysing the socio-economic and geopolitical implications. Using empirical data, it reveals disparities between public discourse and actual emissions, unmasking power asymmetries and ‘green colonialism’ perpetuated by dominant nations and corporations. The study underscores the need for profound societal transformation rather than superficial energy shifts, advocating for the fusion of critical theory and capitalist critiques. It emphasises the importance of dismantling hegemonic control and fostering equitable energy transformation, calling for civic courage to challenge existing power structures. This work’s originality lies in integrating critical theory within sociology, offering insights into the socio-political dynamics influencing global decarbonisation efforts. Its value resides in a comprehensive analysis, unveiling interconnections between power, economics, and the environment in the context of energy transformation.

Aligning State-Owned Enterprises with Constitutional Values

This study examines the relationship between Indonesia's economic constitution and the legal framework governing State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) holding companies. The research analyzes the alignment of BUMN operations with constitutional ideals of welfare and social justice, based on the principles of the 1945 Constitution and the Limited Liability Company Law. The text highlights the discrepancies between theoretical principles and practical implementations, specifically in the areas of corporate governance, ethical conduct, and fair economic distribution. The investigation focuses on how these discrepancies manifest in BUMN operations, their impact on stakeholders, and the wider socio-economic implications for Indonesia. The study emphasizes the need for specific regulations that are tailored to the unique structural and operational characteristics of BUMN holding companies. Recommendations include improving oversight, increasing transparency, and strengthening accountability mechanisms. These measures are essential for aligning BUMN practices with constitutional mandates, ensuring operational efficiency and competitiveness, and making significant contributions to national socio-economic progress.

IS HISTORY REPEATING ITSELF? #WOMANINMETAVERSE

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and the emergence of the metaverse have significantly transformed the ways in which individuals communicate, interact, and express themselves in virtual spaces. As the metaverse has become an increasingly integral part of modern society, the representation of gender, particularly women, in these digital realms has gained importance. This research aims to explore the multifaceted evolution of the female figure in the metaverse, examining representations, identity construction, and the socio-cultural and socioeconomic implications of these virtual personas. Through a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis, the research sheds light on how the depiction of the female figure has evolved, the determinants individuals use to shape their digital identities, and the potential impact on real-world gender dynamics. As one of the pioneering works on gender effects in the MV, our findings shed light on how the seeds of gender inequality are still being sown in different forms in the newly created digital world.

Agricultural digitalisation and just transition: a framework for the analysis

Digital agriculture is generally depicted as a new technological frontier allowing both the efficiency and sustainability of the agri-food sector to be increased through the introduction of innovative “green” and cost-effective solutions. However, there is still little empirical evidence on the wider environmental and socio-economic implications of ongoing agricultural digitalisation processes. The paper makes the point that the digitalisation of agriculture is a political and ecological process representing an important element of the uneven and combined patterns of the capitalist development of agriculture. At the same time, the practices that inform agricultural digitalisation are shaped by social, economic and environmental factors that change according to the context. Starting from these premises, the authors propose a critical framework for equipping empirical research on digital agriculture with a more comprehensive understanding of local contexts, while also retaining a wider political economy perspective inspired by the concept of “just transition”.

Socio-economic benefits and policy implications of generating sustainable energy from municipal solid waste in Pakistan

The facet of sustainability in power generation carries immense importance since the environmental and social aspects of power generation have often been sacrificed for economic gains. It is imperative to develop novel methods that serve the dual purposes of implicating sustainability and catering to the ever-increasing energy demand. This study assesses the potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy production through waste to energy (WTE) technologies and the potential contribution of WTE facilities to meet the peak energy demands of Pakistan. In the current study, two WTE development scenarios, Mass Burn with recyclable materials and Mass Burn without recyclable materials for two cities, Islamabad and Peshawar were considered. The analysis revealed that Mass Burn with recyclable materials has the potential of producing 205 MW and 180 MW of electricity for the selected cities respectively, with positive social, economic, and environmental impact. It was observed that the energy generation from waste helps in the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as compared to landfills which were 65% for Islamabad and 54% for Peshawar and also helps in the development of a supply chain system with economic and social benefits.

Performance Assessment of Machine Learning Techniques for Gully Erosion Mapping in South-East Nigeria

Soil erosion is a serious environmental hazard affecting southeast Nigeria. The rate of erosion has continued to increase with devastating impact and has led to land degradation (gullies). To assess the socio-economic and environmental implications of gully erosion and to develop management plans to deal with them, quantitative and qualitative data on soil erosion rates at regional scales are needed. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the spatial and temporal variations of gully erosion impacted areas of South East Nigeria using machine learning techniques to develop a suitable approach for accurately modelling gully erosion impact in South East, Nigeria. Its objectives are to: acquire, process, and perform object-based gully mapping analysis with Kompsat-3 imagery of South East Nigeria, Nigeria using three machine learning algorithms (Linear discriminant analysis, Support Vector Machine, and Artificial Neural Network); compare the performance of the three selected machine learning algorithms using statistical techniques and determine the best suited for gully mapping within the study area; determine the pattern and trend of Gully Erosion in South East, Nigeria between 2010 and 2020, using the best-suited machine learning algorithm; and predict the future gully development pattern for the next 10 years. The methodology involved the acquisition and use of KOMPSAT-3 imagery, identification of gully erosion impacted areas, and topographic maps. Image preprocessing, development of classification scheme, object-based image analysis, trend analysis, and pattern of gully development and expansion. Accuracy assessment and gully development prediction to 2030 as data analysis. The results showed consistent identification of eight class features, including waterbody, dense vegetation, agricultural land, bare ground, built-up area, sand, savannah, and gully erosion. The performance evaluation of the three techniques revealed promising outcomes. LDA achieved an accuracy of 0.759, while SVM demonstrated a higher accuracy of 0.853 and balanced sensitivity and specificity. ANN showed good performance with an accuracy of 0.790. Based on its superior accuracy and balanced performance, SVM was selected for mapping the spatial trend of gully erosion in the study area.