Socio-demographic Situation Research Articles

A estratégia de resposta da Nova Zelândia à COVID-19: lições aprendidas

Abstract This study analyzed the characteristics of the health system, surveillance system, and the measures adopted to face the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand between March 2020 and December 2021. 29 fully read articles from an integrative literature review were included, and the websites of the WHO, the World Bank, the “Stringency Index” of “ourworldindata” were consulted to collect data on the socio-demographic situation, economic indicators of the country, as well as tests, deaths, vaccines and new cases. The data were imported in CSV format and the graphs elaborated in RStudio software. The evidence points out that New Zealand can be considered a success story regarding the nationwide response to the COVID-19 pandemic, it being one of the countries with the lowest number of deaths from the disease in the world. This success was the result of a health system organization with fast internal action, high testing capacity, and contact tracing, without causing the collapse of the health system. In turn, it also pointed out that the population adhered to the confinement conditions, and faithfully followed the authorities’ instructions, even with low community participation in government decisions. Important lessons can be learnt leading to useful recommendations for a potential new epidemic with an unknown virus or similar.

Psychological impact during COVID-19 lockdown in children and adolescents with previous mental health disorders

ObjectiveDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities confined adults, adolescents and children to their homes. Recent articles warn of possible long-term consequences on mental health, especially for those who suffer from underlying psychiatric conditions and for vulnerable sections of the population. The present study explores the psychological impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on outpatients at the Centre of Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMHS), which is based in Barcelona. MethodsA total of 441 caregivers answered an online ad-hoc survey on their sociodemographic and economic situation, perceived stress, and clinical changes and coping strategies observed in their children during lockdown. The Chi-square test was used to compare the response percentages for each behaviour or symptom between age, gender and diagnostic groups. Variance and post-hoc test were also analyzed, as was the Pearson correlation. ResultsThe use of electronic devices has significantly increased. There has also been an increase in symptoms such as attentional problems, fatigue and irritability, among others. Differences were found between age and gender groups. The diagnostic groups most affected by confinement were Autism Spectrum Disorders and Conduct Disorders. The survey also discovered a relationship between the loss of family income, parental stress and increased symptoms in children. ConclusionConfinement has increased externalizing symptoms and behaviours as well as COVID-19 related concerns, somatic problems and anxieties. It is important to observe the fluctuation of symptoms and how young people adapt to the pandemic in order to reach a better understanding of the situation and devise new strategies to reduce the psychological impact of the pandemic.

Avaliação da implantação do fornecimento de leite humano para prematuros em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Abstract Objectives: to assess the supply of human milk exclusively to prematures in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the influence of external and organizational contexts on the degree of implementation of this intervention. Methods: this is an implementation evaluation with analysis of the external context (sociodemographic situation of mothers, support network and industry marketing) and organizational context (belonging to the hospital unit). To define the degree of implementation, the Analysis and Judgment Matrix was used, considering the compliance dimension, and the availability and technical-scientific quality sub-dimensions. The data used were obtained through interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and analysis of documents from the institution. Results: the degree of implementation of the intervention was 80.74%, proving to be satisfactory, with emphasis on the technical-scientific quality sub-dimension. Conclusions: the success in the supply of human milk is linked to public policies, the support and guidance offered to mothers in the hospital unit, presence of a support network, knowledge of mothers about the benefits of breastfeeding, adequate infrastructure and availability of supplies. The prematures being hospitalized in a child-friendly hospital contributed to the implementation of the intervention.

Migration processes in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania since 2018 early 2022

The issues of studying migration processes are particularly relevant at the present time. In this paper, the author tried to explore migration processes and analyze the impact of migration on the socio-demographic situation in the republic. The purpose of this study is to identify migration processes in North Ossetia-Alania from 2018 to early 2022. The author examined the impact of migration on socio-economic processes, statistical data on population migration, population statistics in North Ossetia-Alania and mortality and birth rate statistics, and many others. In this study, the following research methods are used: theoretical analysis of statistics for the Russian Federation and North Ossetia-Alania, the study of recent studies and publications on this topic. Currently, a big problem is the outflow of migrants in North Ossetia-Alania to other cities of the Russian Federation and the country. Young people tend to move to large cities in Russia or go to foreign countries where there are more opportunities for professional development and career growth. In 2022, the unemployment rate in North Ossetia-Alania decreased and 2 700 people were employed. Reduce the unemployment rate in the republic in 2022. succeeded thanks to the program "Promoting employment of the population" and national projects. There is also a difficult demographic situation in the republic. In recent years, the death rate has exceeded the birth rate. Migration processes do not contribute to population growth, since much more people leave the republic than come. In conclusion, the author proposed some measures to solve this problem.

The City of Polonne in the Early Modern Period: Socio-Economic and Demographic Aspects

Despite the fact that in recent times the studies in urbanization processes in Ukrainian lands have undergone great advancements, the history of Ukrainian cities especially in the early modern period has not yet been sufficiently delved into. Therefore, studies in regional and local history remain topical for the Ukrainian historiography. The article looks at the history of the city of Polonne in the early modern period and is based on the Inventory of the division of the estates of Prince Oleksandr Ostrogski among his heirs in 1620. This study sheds light on how the city, which was known since the Old Rus times, was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later into the domain of the Ostrozki princely family. On the basis of the Inventory’s description, the spatial organization of the city, its internal arrangement, the system and special features of the buildings were studied. Such socio-topographical parts of the city as Zamok, Peredhoroddia, Stare Polonne, Nove Polonne, Luka and Zagroddia were identified. The article analyses the city socio-demographic situation, in particular, it gives numbers of settled households and within them the numbers of family structures and separate families. The ethnic composition, religious confessions of the city and its self-government on the basis of the Magdeburg law are described as well. With regard to the city’s economic life, it was found out that there had been at least 196 craftsmen and tradesmen in 46 fields. The duties of the citizens were also identified as well as their involvement in agriculture. The article proves that at the beginning of the 17th century the city was an important socio-cultural organism with a well-developed guild organization of crafts and a system of town self-government based on the Magdeburg law. The role of the owners of the city of Polonne – the princes of the House of Ostrogski – in its development in the early modern times is emphasized.

Russian-Iranian Cross-Cultural Marriages: a Sociological Analysis

One of the characteristic features of the modern socio-demographic situation in the world is the increase in the number of cross-cultural marriages concluded between a man and a woman belonging to different socio-cultural strata of society, having their own cultural characteristics and value systems. There are no official statistics of cross-cultural marriages in Russia in the public domain, which actualizes the conduct of special sociological research. The conclusions of the article are based on the results of a pilot sociological survey conducted by a questionnaire survey of 153 respondents from Russia (Moscow) and Iran (Tehran) aged 18 to 60 years, who are in cross-cultural marriages, as well as having families based on cross-cultural marriage or being in an interethnic, interfaith environment (due to educational or professional activity). The results of the survey revealed the existence of different ideas about the family and marriage model for both Iran and modern Russia. The results obtained can be used to develop strategies for the development of socio-cultural interaction between Russia and Iran, in the public administration system, as part of efforts aimed at supporting cross-cultural families in the process of adaptation and familiarization with the norms and traditions of a new culture for a spouse.

Health-related quality of life in women aged 20-64 years with urinary incontinence.

Introduction and hypothesisUrinary incontinence (UI) in women is a frequent and invisible clinical situation that affects several aspects in the lives of patients. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of urinary incontinence on different dimensions of quality of life.MethodsCross-sectional observational study. The sample brings together 381 women living in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, who answered a survey between June 2020 and June 2021, with questions about the sociodemographic situation, obstetric history and the EQ5D-3L questionnaire Chilean version and urinary incontinence variables. For the analysis of association between variables were used a correlation coefficient and logistic regressions.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 39.9 (SD: 12.6) years, with 68.5% of multiparous women and 42.5% had a history of vaginal delivery. Fifty percent of the respondents belong to a medium-high socioeconomic level according to the health insurance proxy. The analysis adjusted for age, health insurance and obstetrics variables showed that women with a frequency of moderate/severe urine loss had a 72% greater probability of suffering from moderate/severe pain/discomfort compared to women with nothing/little urine loss. In turn, the self-perception of affectation of urine loss was significantly associated with problems in the dimensions of mobility, anxiety/depression and health status.ConclusionsThis research contributes with evidence that makes visible the affectation on physical and psychological dimensions in women with urinary incontinence, allowing decision-makers to prioritize resources and design health programs that include clinical management.

Who Is Successful in Foreign Exchange Margin Trading? New Survey Evidence from Japan

We use a 2018 survey of FX margin traders in Japan to investigate which key factors influence their trading performance: socio-demographic and economic situation, investment strategy and trading behaviour, and/or financial literacy. We study this question using general-to-specific modelling and impulse-indicator saturation. First, the data show that variables from all three groups are significant predictors of traders’ performance. Second, we find that older traders and those without a specific trading strategy demonstrate lower performance. Performance is higher for those who trade greater amounts, rely more on fundamental analysis, and report having profitable FX trade skills. Third, respondents’ subjectively stated claim of having FX trade skills is based on a more advanced understanding of FX trading and a reliance on professional advice. Neither objective financial knowledge nor over/underconfidence play a noteworthy role in the performance of margin traders.

Implications of the Metabolic Control of Diabetes in Patients with Frailty Syndrome.

Introduction: Frailty syndrome occurs more frequently in patients with diabetes than in the general population. The reasons for this more frequent occurrence and the interdependence of the two conditions are not well understood. To date, there is no fully effective method for the diagnosis, prevention, and monitoring of frailty syndrome. This study aimed to assess the degree of metabolic control of diabetes in patients with frailty syndrome and to determine the impact of frailty on the course of diabetes using a retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 individuals aged 60+ with diabetes were studied. The study population included 65 women (63.1%) and 38 men (36.9%). The mean age was 72.96 years (SD 7.55). The study was conducted in the practice of a general practitioner in Wielkopolska in 2018–2019. The research instrument was the authors’ original medical history questionnaire. The questions of the questionnaire were related to age, education, and sociodemographic situation of the respondents, as well as their dietary habits, health status, and use of stimulants. Other instruments used were: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Lawton Scale (IADL—Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), Katz Scale (ADL—Activities of Daily Living), Geriatric Depression Rating Scale (GDS), and SHARE-FI scale (Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe). Anthropometric and biochemical tests were performed. Results: In the study, frailty syndrome was diagnosed using the SHARE-FI scale in 26 individuals (25%): 32 (31.1%) were pre-frailty and 45 (43.7%) represented a non-frailty group. Statistical analysis revealed that elevated HbA1c levels were associated with a statistically significant risk of developing frailty syndrome (p = 0.048). In addition, the co-occurrence of diabetes and frailty syndrome was found to be a risk factor for loss of functional capacity or limitation in older adults (p = 0.00) and was associated with the risk of developing depression (p < 0.001) and cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Concerning metabolic control of diabetes, higher HbA1c levels in the elderly are a predictive factor for the development of frailty syndrome. No statistical significance was found for the other parameters of metabolic control in diabetes. People with frailty syndrome scored significantly higher on the Geriatric Depression Rating Scale and lower on the MMSE cognitive rating scale than the comparison group. This suggests that frailty is a predictive factor for depression and cognitive impairment. Patients with frailty and diabetes have significantly lower scores on the Basic Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale and the Complex Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale, which are associated with loss or limitation of functioning. Frailty syndrome is a predictive factor for loss of functional capacity in the elderly.

Urban daily lives and out-of-home food consumption among the urban poor in Nigeria: A practice-based approach

Understanding the interaction between urban daily lives and patterns of food consumption in the Global South is important for informing health and sustainability transitions. In recent years, the lives of poor urban dwellers have undergone significant transformations which have been associated with shifts in patterns of daily food consumption from household-based towards primarily out-of-home. However, as of yet, little research has explored how changing everyday contexts of consumers' lives interrelate with their food vending-consumption practices. This study seeks to understand the interrelations between everyday urban lives and out-of-home food consumption practices among the urban poor in Ibadan, Nigeria. A situated social practice approach is employed to understand how everyday contexts shape practices of out-of-home food vending consumption. Multiple methods were employed, including GIS mapping of food vending outlets, quantitative consumer surveys, in-depth consumer interviews, and participant observation. The study provides an overview of food vending-consumption practices in terms of the socio-demographic situation of consumers and the embeddedness of food vending in the practice arrangements making up their daily lives. The findings reveal three key daily life practices that interlock with their ready-to-eat foods consumption practices: daily mobility practices, working arrangements, and domestic engagements These three categories of daily urban practices that have undergone rapid transformation in line with socio-economic change and urbanisation and emerged as particularly important in shaping out-of-home food consumption. The paper concludes by considering the importance of understanding the embeddedness of food vending practices in the daily lives of the urban poor for sustainable food systems transitions in the Global South.

Socio-demographic indicators of human development

Subject. This article discusses the role of human potential in the modern economy. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the relationship between demographic parameters and human potential. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis. Results. Based on the comparison of statistical indicators with the maximum permissible (regulatory) values and the analysis of changes in indicators over time, the article offers developed tools for assessing socio-demographic indicators. Relevance. Regular monitoring of indicators of human development can help make decisions to stabilize the socio-demographic situation in Russia on a timely basis.

Political consumerism: An integrative review

Consumers are gradually becoming more conscious of the strength of their consumption, expressing discontent and opinions and demanding improvements in organizations. Due to the extensive theoretical background, this article aims to compile research about political consumption through an integrative review on WOS and Scopus. At the end of the methodological procedures, 36 articles were obtained and analyzed with the content analysis technique. The results show that personal influences and motivations for political consumption are based on sociodemographic situation, political ideology, and internet use. This framework synthesized the phases of political consumption, the main actions, and the main actors involved.

Effects of COVID-19 on the Perception of Virtual Education in University Students in Ecuador; Technical and Methodological Principles at the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja

The confinement and migration from face-to-face to open access, online or blended/hybrid education modality caused because of the coronavirus crisis has forced a readaptation of education with enormous deficiencies at all levels. This work analyzes the viewpoint of a group of students from the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (Ecuador) regarding the current state of emergency from a descriptive and correlational quantitative methodological conception, based on the application of an instrument made up of six thematic blocks: socio-demographic situation, use of ICT, importance of ICT, methodology, didactic techniques, and study modality. The main results show that students are not yet convinced that a virtual modality is better than face-to-face. However, there are groups that value positively the use of ICTs mainly for recalling information, self-learning, and motivation. The techniques most valued by students are the traditional ones: teacher explanation and individual work. However, they give a low value to individualization as a methodological principle under which these techniques are based.

The Population Census: a Tool for Consolidating or Irritating Society?

The article provides a historical digression into the population census as the only tool that makes it possible to assess the current socio-economic and socio-demographic situation in a particular territory. The possible factors causing distrust and fear among the population that arise in the process of organizing and conducting this labor-intensive process are listed. Among them: legal support; methodological foundation; consciousness and responsibility of scribes; psychological attitude of respondents.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ «ИСЧЕЗАЮЩИХ» СЕЛ: КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ФАКТОР В ПОМОЩЬ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

The purpose of the publication is to consider the cultural factor in the aspect of socio–economic security of rural areas; to identify the relationship between the state cultural policy and changes in the socio-demographic situation in relation to these regions; to discover the causes of ineffective demographic policy of the state and to offer alternative solutions to existing problems.

ДЕМОГРАФІЧНА СИТУАЦІЯ В УКРАЇНІ: ДРУГИЙ ДЕМОГРАФІЧНИЙ ПЕРЕХІД ТА НЕВИЗНАЧЕНІСТЬ

In recent years, Ukraine and most regions and countries are experiencing rapid demographic changes. The demographic transition is characterized by the exhaustion of demographic potential caused by the unfavorable socio-demographic situation in the country. This article aims to describe the current demographic situation in Ukraine and reveal major demographic trends leading to economic, social, and environmental unbalances and malfunctions of development models in Ukraine. Tendency for the Ukrainian population decline is caused predominantly by a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in mortality. Women’s fertility has dropped rapidly, and life expectancy has stagnated, driven primarily by unfavorable economic situation, political instability, poor health care system, and social inequality. In Ukraine as in many countries, regardless of the level of their economic development, fertility rates are now below 2.15 children per woman, treated as a long-term replacement rate. Past trends in fertility and mortality have led to an increasingly older population. The aging of society is a challenging phenomenon which characterizes the current stage of the global demographic transition. Migration is another trend that leads to unprecedented demographic changes resulting in more evident variation in aging at the regional level. Ukraine is experiencing the move from rural to urban areas within countries and across borders which causes deprivation of the rural regions and redistribution of the working-age population. Nowadays, the demographic situation results from the adverse impact of internal and external factors. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine may lead to a demographic catastrophe. However, the scale of war consequences is hardly estimable. It is unknown how this war will evolve or when and how it will end, but it has already substantially affected Ukraine’s population.

THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of rural development of Ukraine in the context of the European integration perspective of our state. Particular attention is paid to the study of the evolution of EU economic policy aimed at rural development, as well as priorities of institutional and organizational and economic development of rural areas of Ukraine, aimed at maximizing the experience of EU countries. The ways of overcoming the existing socio-economic, institutional and demographic problems of the native village on the principles and principles of EU economic policy are outlined. The main reasons and main directions of spreading negative trends in rural development in Ukraine are described. Options for adapting the EU experience to domestic realities are proposed. Socio-economic trends in rural development in the context of economic and food security of both the EU and Ukraine have been studied. An assessment of the existing socio-economic potential for the development of rural areas of Ukraine in terms of prospects for further European integration of our country. The regional aspects of development of rural territories of Ukraine in the conditions of increase of their competitiveness on the basis of global competition are defined. The main directions of formation of innovative agricultural production and multifunctional development of rural economy of Ukraine are outlined. Methodical recommendations on improving the infrastructure of rural areas in order to increase their competitiveness in the context of European integration are identified. Priorities for improving the socio-demographic situation in rural areas in the context of improving the quality of human capital have been identified. Measures to improve the investment climate in rural areas through the use of innovative levers for their integrated development are proposed. Recommendations for public authorities and local self-government are proposed, which are aimed at overcoming the existing differences in the legal and institutional support for the development of rural areas of Ukraine and the EU at the national and regional levels.

ПРАРОДИТЕЛИ КАК СУБЪЕКТЫ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ С МОТОРНОЙ АЛАЛИЕЙ

The authors consider the potential of grandparents in the context of family education of preschool children with severe speech disorders. The paper presents the reasons increasing both the conceptual and practical significance of the grandparent institution: the current socio-demographic situation – the increase in life expectancy and its active period prolongation; the participation of grandmothers and grandfathers in the material and economic support of a family, etc. The paper contains the results of an experimental study of grandparents’ resources in the rehabilitation of preschool children with motor alalia. During the research, the authors specified some questions, each of which formed a separate line of research. The authors identified the comparability indicators of a grandparents’ sample: the number of different types of families, age and gender of grandparents, sociocultural differences. The study proved the importance of the grandparents’ role in the family education of preschool children with alalia. The paper presents the technology of studying the rehabilitation potential of grandparents, which is determined by three main areas: the study of grandparents’ attitude to the presence of a severe speech disorder in a child; the study of own speech and communication capabilities; the study of their readiness to work together with specialists in overcoming alalia in a child. The first line of research includes two diagnostic stages: a questionnaire aimed to identify the level of hereditary reflection (quantitative assessment) and a clinical interview to study the attitude of grandparents to the presence of a severe speech disorder in a child (qualitative assessment). The analysis of the second diagnostic stage allowed classifying the opinions of the progenitors and dividing them into several groups. To conduct the second line of research, the authors developed a special technique based on the methodological foundations of the theory of oral communication. It was important to identify the presence/absence of various speech disorders in grandparents. To determine the readiness of grandparents to work together with specialists in overcoming motor alalia, the authors developed a questionnaire.

Functional Characterization of Sports Secretaries of Ceará: Socio-demographic and Organizational Analysis of municipal actions aimed at sport and leisure

This study aimed to characterize the profile of municipal sport secretaries in the State of Ceará, identifying the sociodemographic, organizational and functional situation of these managers. The methodology used had as a guiding parameter a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory analysis, using a specific questionnaire as a data collection instrument, answered by a sample of 17 municipal secretaries of the state of Ceará, cataloged in the period from 2017 to 2019 at random, by search and response, via democratic consent. For the descriptive and statistical interpretation of the variables, Microsoft Office Excel 2020 and SPSS 2020 were used. Among the results found, it was evidenced that the managers of Ceará were mostly male, with an average age between 31 and 40 years old, married, with a college degree/post-graduate course and natives of the municipality, with the development of their work functions carried out in specific sports secretaries. The records signaled the need for the inclusion of women in the field of municipal sports management, via the creation of public policies that encourage the valorization of the female sex. Thus, social projects must be implemented to strengthen the aforementioned public from early childhood, strengthening the triad of dissemination of these values, primarily initiated in the family environment, and secondarily in school and later grounded in the academic field as an inviolable attribute of universal knowledge.

Russian society after the COVID-19 pandemic: look into the future

The article analyzes in detail the medical, as well as socio-economic and social problems in Russia caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The novelty and little-studied process of the course of a new disease, its consequences for the human body, caused many problems associated with the liberalization of medicine and healthcare as the most important social institution. Although huge human resources were allocated and large material resources were spent to combat the pandemic, it was not possible to quickly localize its spread. Despite the fact that a sufficient number of optimistic forecasts were made, including by medical professionals, and even specific dates for the end of the pandemic were periodically called, it has clearly taken on a protracted nature. At the same time, unfortunately, the experience of fighting various infectious diseases, including smallpox and cholera, accumulated by domestic medicine, especially during the Soviet period, was not taken into account. Not enough attention was paid to the analysis of the experience of fighting this disease in its “homeland” — China.Among the economic problems caused by the pandemic are significant sectoral shifts and imbalances in the structure of the economy, a drop in GDP, an increase in inflation, a decrease in real incomes and a redistribution of expenditures among the population, as well as serious changes in the labor market. The social problems caused by the pandemic include the deterioration of the socio-demographic situation and the serious aggravation of traditional and the emergence of new forms of social inequality — health inequality, digital inequality, age and regional inequality.The coronavirus pandemic, which has engulfed almost the entire world, has seriously affected the economy, as well as social and behavioral practices, has caused fears, anxiety, even panic, and deterioration of the social well-being of large segments of society.The article analyzes three probabilistic forecasts of the development of events after the pandemic. According to the first of them, the whole world, including our country, will return to the former, neoliberal course after the end of the pandemic. Then new actors of the world order will come to the forefront of history, and the most powerful socio-economic crisis will take a protracted character, which will entail numerous human sacrifices. The second involves the establishment of a new state dictatorship — a digital type, with total control of bureaucratic institutions over all spheres of personal and public life, including the spread of the influence of medicine on them. The third one justifies the use of the experience of fighting the pandemic and the crisis to review and eliminate the dysfunctional components of the social system, change the attitude to personal and social values, which, ultimately, will help change society for the better.