Socio-economic Projects Research Articles

HYBRID MANAGEMENT OF PROGRAMS OF TERRITORIAL SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS BY MEANS OF CONVERGENCE MECHANISMS

Introduction. Implementation of program projects of social and economic development of the territories of Ukraine is inefficient, with overspending of the budget and completion not at the set time. This is due to the use of reactive project management methodologies that do not take into account the complexity of project implementation, the turbulence of the project environment. The lack of mechanisms for managing project programs of socio-economic development of territories based on the of different methods of project management is an unresolved problem. The implementation of socio-economic development project programs is carried out using the mechanisms of financial regulation of territories on the basis of the recipient-donor model. Therefore, the development of mechanisms for management of project programs of socio-economic development of territorial systems based on the of key methods of project management is an urgent scientific task. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to develop mechanisms for management of program projects of socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine using the tools of financial regulation, public-private partnership and of these Methods. The methods of hybridization and of project management methodologies are used in the article. Results. Based on research, it is proved that the implementation of program projects of socio-economic development of territories requires the use of various components of project management through hybridization and convergence. The terminological base of project management has been expanded by introducing new definitions hybrid project management of socio-economic development projects, convergence of project management mechanisms. Processes of management of program projects of social and economic development of territories, on the basis of model recipient-donor are formalized. Conclusion. The analysis of current trends in the implementation of complex programs of socio-economic development projects has shown the ineffectiveness of existing project management methodologies associated with the lack of mechanisms for project management based on of best practices in project management projects. A convergent model of management of projects of socio-economic development of territories by means of identification of the main challenges and problems in the life cycle of the regional system is developed, which takes into account indicators of project success in the program based on analysis of project management best practices.

Modeling on population growth and its adaptation: A comparative analysis between Bangladesh and India

The biggest challenge in the world is population growth and determining how society and the state adapt to it as it directly affects the fundamental human rights such as food, clothing, housing, education, medical care, etc. The population estimates of any country play an important role in making the right decision about socio-economic and population development projects. Unpredictable population growth can be a curse. The purpose of this research article is to compare the accuracy process and proximity of three mathematical model such as Malthusian or exponential growth model, Logistic growth model and Least Square model to make predictions about the population growth of Bangladesh and India at the end of 21st century. Based on the results, it has been observed that the population is expected to be 429.32(in million) in Bangladesh and 3768.53 (in million) in India by exponential model, 211.70(in million) in Bangladesh and 1712.94(in million) in India by logistic model and 309.28 (in million) in Bangladesh and 2686.30 (in million) in India by least square method at the end of 2100. It was found that the projection data from 2000 to 2020 using the Logistic Growth Model was very close to the actual data. From that point of view, it can be predicted that the population will be 212 million in Bangladesh and 1713 million in India at the end of the 21st century. Although transgender people are recognized as the third sex but their accurate statistics data is not available. The work also provides a comparative scenario of how the state has adapted to the growing population in the past and how they will adapt in the future.

Integrating economic measures of adaptation effectiveness into climate change interventions: A case study of irrigation development in Mwea, Kenya.

As climate change adaptation is becoming a recognized policy issue, the need is growing for quantitative economic evaluation of adaptation-related public investment, particularly in the context of climate finance. Funds are meant to be allocated not to any types of beneficial investments with or without climate change but to projects regarded as effective for climate change adaptation based on some metrics. But attempts at such project-specific evaluation of adaptation effects are few, in part because such assessments require an integration of various types of simulation analyses. Against this background, we conduct a case study of a Kenyan irrigation development project using a combination of downscaled climate data, runoff simulations, yield forecasting, and local socioeconomic projections to examine the effects of interventions specifically attributable to climate change adaptation, i.e., how much irrigation development can reduce the negative effects of climate change in the future. The results show that despite the uncertainties in precipitation trends, increased temperatures due to climate change have a general tendency to reduce rice yields, and that irrigation development will mitigate income impacts from the yield loss-for example, for the median scenario, the household income loss of 6% in 2050 due to climate change without irrigation development is flipped to become positive with the project. This means that the irrigation development project will likely be effective as a means for climate change adaptation.

Wood-based textile fibre market as part of the global forest-based bioeconomy

Wood-based cellulose fibres for textiles, hygiene and health products have been in the market for long time, but competition with other materials has kept their market share modest. The shortage of land for the expansion of cotton production, environmental concerns related to cotton and the oil-based textile materials, changes in fashion, and new technologies for extracting fibres from wood are changing the market setting in the favour of wood-based fibres. The increase in global population and welfare drives the growth of demand for textiles. If the demand for wood-based textile pulps would grow in the same pace as earlier in this century, their annual production would be 15 Mt higher in 2035 than in 2018. Growing at the pace of the global GDP in selected illustrative Shared Socioeconomic Pathway projections, the respective increase would range from 6 to 11 Mt/yr. The demand scenarios were assessed with a global forest sector model integrating the textile fibre market to the rest of the forest sector. The demand for wood-based textile fibres can largely be covered by converting paper pulp mills to textile pulps but also investments into new mills are projected. This will reduce the supply of other forest products made of pulpwood and chips and possibly give a small increase in the supply volumes of industries producing chips as by-products (sawnwood, plywood). Due to increasing roundwood harvests and wood prices, the investors should factor in an increase in input prices when making their decisions.

АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ

The article describes the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the definition “professional competence”. The main normative documents (professional standards and standards of higher education) and legislative acts to ensure the training of future specialists in the social sphere in the formation of their economic competence are identified. It is stipulated that the practical preparation of the future social specialist for social protection of various groups of the population, in particular social security, requires the formation of economic competence.The author’s vision of interpretation of economic competence of social specialists in terms of necessary knowledge, acquired skills, a set of opportunities and abilities in the field of economic knowledge for effective professional activity in the field of social services, social assistance and social work in general. The constituent components of economic competence in the training of specialists in the social sphere are described: motivational, cognitive, procedural and personal.The cognitive component is highlighted as the most important, which reflects the rationale for the role of knowledge in the formation of economic competence. It is substantiated that the formation of economic competence of the future specialist in the social sphere takes place in higher education institutions within a holistic pedagogical process in the study of specialized socio-economic disciplines (“Economic foundations of social work”, “Economics of social work”, “Social economy”, “Social protection”). And through the use of such methods of organizing educational activities as business games, situational tasks, development of socio-economic projects. It is established that the necessary role in the formation of economic competence in the training of a social worker is played by his knowledge of the determinants of social security as the main form of social protection – state social standards and guarantees. A brief description is given on the basis of legislative acts and the established size of the subsistence minimum as a state social standard and minimum wages and old-age pensions as the main state social guarantees.

La Factoría Cultural y la Marca Niemeyer. Avilés: una ciudad creativa en el Arco Atlántico

El Centro Niemeyer y la Factoría Cultural constituyen los dos ejes estratégicos sobre los que se ha asentado el proyecto de revitalización urbana y dinamización socioeconómica promovido por la ciudad de Avilés que se examina en este trabajo. Con el propósito de transformarse en una de las ciudades creativas del Arco Atlántico, en Avilés se ha fraguado una nueva identidad, una marca ligada a la innovación, la modernidad, la cultura y el arte que ha tenido un positivo impacto en el desarrollo del sector servicios, la promoción de las industrias culturales y el avance de la producción tecnológica.

РОЗРОБКА ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТУ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ РЕГІОНУ

The article investigates the theoretical aspects of development and usage of marketing strategies, which is the instrument of identifying the internal advantages of regions and presenting their attractiveness in order to encourage investments and accelerate their economic development as a whole. It is proved that usage of marketing tools in the regional management system can significantly affect its competitiveness. One of the main questions to be answered in the paper relates to the prospects for the application of marketing principles. The second question specifically deals with the influence of the marketing campaign on the regions image. The main papers about territorial marketing written by domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed. It was found that a significant part of domestic works relates mainly to the role of marketing in increasing the investment attractiveness of regions, focuses on the issue of marketing potential and contains insufficient practical recommendations. Foreign researchers focus on the differences between territories and goods and services as an object of marketing, branding and image of regions. Issues that need additional research are determined. The authors describe the content of marketing strategy, its main components. The expediency of application of marketing strategies in a complex with branding strategies is substantiated. In conditions of informational and creative economy the existence of the region brand becomes the necessary factor of the effective realization of territorial potential. The strategy algorithm is made, within which five steps of project realization are defined as essential to successful and sustainable regional development. The authors present the proposals for the creation of centers that will be responsible for development and implementation of marketing strategies on the base of departments for the implementation of socio-economic development projects. Additionally, possible funding sources for such structures are analyzed. The result of the scientific research develops scientific knowledge in the field of regional marketing, promotes the development and use of territorial intellectual and institutional resources for the growth of its marketing potential.

The shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions to 2500

Abstract. Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are the main driver of current and future climate change. The integrated assessment community has quantified anthropogenic emissions for the shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) scenarios, each of which represents a different future socio-economic projection and political environment. Here, we provide the greenhouse gas concentrations for these SSP scenarios – using the reduced-complexity climate–carbon-cycle model MAGICC7.0. We extend historical, observationally based concentration data with SSP concentration projections from 2015 to 2500 for 43 greenhouse gases with monthly and latitudinal resolution. CO2 concentrations by 2100 range from 393 to 1135 ppm for the lowest (SSP1-1.9) and highest (SSP5-8.5) emission scenarios, respectively. We also provide the concentration extensions beyond 2100 based on assumptions regarding the trajectories of fossil fuels and land use change emissions, net negative emissions, and the fraction of non-CO2 emissions. By 2150, CO2 concentrations in the lowest emission scenario are approximately 350 ppm and approximately plateau at that level until 2500, whereas the highest fossil-fuel-driven scenario projects CO2 concentrations of 1737 ppm and reaches concentrations beyond 2000 ppm by 2250. We estimate that the share of CO2 in the total radiative forcing contribution of all considered 43 long-lived greenhouse gases increases from 66 % for the present day to roughly 68 % to 85 % by the time of maximum forcing in the 21st century. For this estimation, we updated simple radiative forcing parameterizations that reflect the Oslo Line-By-Line model results. In comparison to the representative concentration pathways (RCPs), the five main SSPs (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) are more evenly spaced and extend to lower 2100 radiative forcing and temperatures. Performing two pairs of six-member historical ensembles with CESM1.2.2, we estimate the effect on surface air temperatures of applying latitudinally and seasonally resolved GHG concentrations. We find that the ensemble differences in the March–April–May (MAM) season provide a regional warming in higher northern latitudes of up to 0.4 K over the historical period, latitudinally averaged of about 0.1 K, which we estimate to be comparable to the upper bound (∼5 % level) of natural variability. In comparison to the comparatively straight line of the last 2000 years, the greenhouse gas concentrations since the onset of the industrial period and this studies' projections over the next 100 to 500 years unequivocally depict a “hockey-stick” upwards shape. The SSP concentration time series derived in this study provide a harmonized set of input assumptions for long-term climate science analysis; they also provide an indication of the wide set of futures that societal developments and policy implementations can lead to – ranging from multiple degrees of future warming on the one side to approximately 1.5 ∘C warming on the other.

Which Sustainable Development Goals and Eco-challenges Matter Most to Niger’s Farmers and Herdsmen? A Best Worst Scaling Approach

The sustainable Development Goals proposed by United Nations are increasingly becoming integrated in socioeconomic and environmental projects. Eco-challenges have also been widely studied and documented. Several researchers have well defined and documented what is sustainable development and how can be it achieved. However, fewer studies have investigated farmers and herdsmen’ preferences and awareness for United Nations Sustainable goals and eco-challenge. Based on Previous studies reported by United Nations Development Agency, seventeen sustainable development goals and nine eco-challenges were included in this study. In this study, the authors use the balanced incomplete block design to collect data from 136 respondents. For each question, respondents were asked to select their best and worst sustainable development goals, while they were asked to select their three best and their three worst eco-challenges. The conditional logit model and the count-based methods were used to model the sustainable development goals and eco-challenges respectively. Results show that gender equality, followed by industry; innovation and infrastructures, no poverty, climate action, reduced inequalities, clean water and sanitation, zero hunger and quality education are the most preferred sustainable development goals. Results also suggest that water, health and food are the most preferred eco-challenges. These findings may be useful to plan and implement sustainable development goals and eco-challenges and thereby stimulating economic growth and prosperity in the study

Transformation of the practice of interaction between authorities and business structures under the prism of socio-economic digital projects

Transformation of the practice of interaction between authorities and business structures under the prism of socio-economic digital projects

Socioeconomic and Political Issues in Transportation Public–Private Partnership Failures

Transportation public–private partnership (PPP) projects are long-term projects that usually break the status quo of public ownership. In fact, opposition to PPP projects stems from a variety of factors, such as political influence to favor certain interest groups and high toll prices. Close examination reveals that vulnerability to societal and political domains originates at certain individual points and creates a complex web of problems as it propagates through different socioeconomic and political levels and project stages. This article attempts to unveil such complex and problematic trends by analyzing ten failed transportation PPP projects to identify critical socioeconomic and political failure factors. Employing questionnaire surveys and path analysis, a failure-mechanism model is developed to depict all possible transportation PPP project vulnerabilities to the socioeconomic and political domains. This article's failure-mechanism model could act as a vulnerability-prediction model for transportation PPP practitioners in the public and private sectors, and it can help better understand socioeconomic and political issues’ impacts to transportation PPP projects.

Recommendations on the development of socio-economic projects in the field of state and municipal administration and their role in the educational environment

Recommendations on the development of socio-economic projects in the field of state and municipal administration and their role in the educational environment

РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СРЕДЫ МОРСКИХ ЭКОСИСТЕМ АРКТИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

We examined the radioecological status of seawater from arctic seas currently used for coastal and offshore innovative industrial and socio-economic projects. We analyzed processes that affect the formation of the current radioecological background. We showed that the volumetric activity of man-made radionuclides in seawater has been steadily low over the past decade. We believe that this is caused by the general influence of global sources of radioactive contamination. Among them, atmospheric deposition and transoceanic transport are most significant. We determined a substantial difference between the concentration of 137Cs in seawater of the Barents and Kara seas and that in the Laptev and East Siberian seas. This difference is determined by the significant influence of polluted Atlantic water on the Barents and Kara seas and its far weaker impact on the Laptev and East Siberian seas. We found out regional and local patterns of the distribution of radionuclides in the environment of arctic seas, which are the most important for the study and development of the logistics network in the Russian Arctic in the light of the prospective development of the transport and resources of those seas.

Spatial and Relational Representations of Economic Well-being and the Kahumana Farm Hub, Waiʻanae, Hawaiʻi

Seeking to identify solutions for improving growers' economic well-being by supporting ʻāina (land)-based practices, ethnographic research explored economic opportunity possibilities through Kahumana Organic Farms' Farm Hub (KFH), located in Waiʻanae on Hawaiʻi's island of Oʻahu. Major described findings include identified assets on ideas for improving economic well-being (e.g., a gift economy), barriers faced by growers, policy considerations for KFH and the region, as well as proposed solutions that have broader implications for sustainable land use practices. Designed to highlight agricultural abundance in Waiʻanae, rather than focus on existing socioeconomic disparity, our interdisciplinary and community-led project fused Western-based methodology with the Hawaiian methodological framework of Māʻawe Pono. Discussion addresses how, in doing so, we created reciprocal relationships and prioritized the production of deliverables to directly benefit community. It further explores how growers' utilization of the gift economy and Indigenous wisdom is instrumental for achieving well-being in terms of culture, physical health, economics, and the environment. As a part of a larger collaborative effort entitled ʻImi Naʻauao: Hawaiian Knowing and Well-being, this article also details the mapping subproject integrated into this larger effort and related to the KFH research.

Socio-Economic Projects Spillovers and Their Influence on Communities Development

The purpose of this paper is to gauge the different community socio-economic influences that comes as a result of the impacts and the potential of spillovers brought by these socio-economic projects.
 
 Based on the literature review, a theoretical framework is hypothesised. The framework proposes the relation between the socio-economic projects, four stages and their potential impact and spillovers. Selective cases relevant to projects of poverty elimination, healthcare development and women empowerment are carefully studied and dissected. Then, each case is evaluated in relevance to its value chain through a detailed summary. The impact and spillover of each of the sampled projects are illustrated and clarified. Despite its limitations, this study carries important implications as it brings in diverse tools for gauging the different efforts in journey related to creating a socio-economic outcome.

The infrastructure projects in the Caspian Region

In recent years, the countries of the Caspian region have sought to expand regional cooperation in energy and transport spheres. For a long time, these areas of cooperation were not being developed, which negatively affected the regional economy. The revision of the existing approaches of regional countries to cooperation is dictated by the growth of problems of economic development of each country. Non-regional states have a continuing interest in the Caspian region. First of all, they are interested in projects aimed at diversifying the supply of hydrocarbon resources from the region to foreign markets. In turn, the construction of new export pipelines is considered by the countries of the Caspian region as a way of strengthening their geopolitical positions and realising socio-economic projects. New pipelines not only can create additional opportunities for the delivery of oil and gas from the region to foreign markets, but also can radically change the balance of power. This explains the increased attention to the issues of production and export of hydrocarbon resources.At the same time, the revision of the energy policy of the regional countries, which began in the 1990s, did not reduce their dependence on non-regional states that act as final consumers or transit countries for oil and gas. The construction of new pipelines broke Russia’s monopoly over the export of hydrocarbon resources from the regional countries to foreign markets. However, the decline of Russian influence was compensated by Iran and China, which got the opportunity to influence the regional countries through pricing mechanisms and volumes of purchased hydrocarbon raw materials. For this reason, the regional countries are in favor of a further increase in the number of new pipelines, believing that their construction will expand opportunities for oil and gas exports and will reduce dependence on neighboring states.

Information support and promotion of chemistry in the USSR

The effectiveness of the implementation of large-scale socio-economic, technological and scientific programs and projects largely depends on how easily and organically these ideas will be accepted by society. Of course, it will be an exaggeration to say that this is what determines the success or failure of certain socio-economic projects in the USSR. But to neglect and ignore the influence of this factor would be a big mistake.The article examines in detail one of the largest (and one of the last) campaigns of scientific popularization – “chemicalization of the national economy of the USSR”. When analyzing the campaign to popularize and promote chemicalization (late 1950s – early 1980s) in order to understand the logic of its origin, rise and fall, it was necessary to consider the media support of a similar campaign in the USSR in the 1920–1930s. As a result, three waves of this kind of propaganda campaigns have been identified, with those going on with a damped amplitude.The author made an attempt to show how, from the very beginning of the institutionalization of this program, its initiators provided for powerful informational support. Methods and tools have been allocated that the state has primarily resorted to during the chemicalization process throughout the entire period under review. The continuity of these approaches is traced. It is noted that as one of the key moments of the program for the chemicalization of the national economy in the USSR, initially, almost immediately after the end of the Civil War, the Soviet leadership assumed the development of not only applied (primarily related to defense tasks) aspects of chemicalization, but also fundamental chemical science. And all this was accompanied by widespread media support. Moreover, given the scarce resources of the state in the 1920s, the most effective strategy in those conditions was chosen: the “chemicalization” of public education, school and university.Using a wealth of factual material, using the capabilities of computer statistical analysis and rare bibliographic copies of books and periodicals, it was possible to trace the dynamics of the process of popularizing chemical knowledge in Soviet society.

Economic Transformation Impact on the Modernization of a Mineral Resource Industry Cluster

The purpose of the study is to show the economic transformation impact on solving the problems of modernization of the socio-economic sphere of the mineral resource industry cluster operating in the mining region. The object of the research is the mineral resource industry cluster as a center of interaction between state, science, education and business for the implementation of innovative scientific, technical and socio-economic projects. The subject of the article is socio-economic relations concerning nature, focused in the mineral resource industry cluster of the mining region. The problems of sustainable development and modernization of the mineral resource industry cluster of the mining region are considered in terms of the socio-ecological-economic approach methodology, taking into account the economic transformation in the cluster, which ensures the scientific novelty of the study. The scientific merit of the study is the determination of the impact of the change in the types of economy on solving the problems of modernization of the socio- economic sphere of the cluster, based on the parity of nature and the economy in the mining region. It has been shown that clustering involving the potential of a world-class regional scientific and educational center is an effective mechanism for such modernization. The practical relevance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used to clarify, taking into account the proposed approach, the state strategy of support and development of clusters, as well as regional cluster policy.

Sediment Transport and Its Impacts on Lake Kivu, Gihira Water Treatment Plant and Various Hydropower Plants along Sebeya River in Rwanda

Complex processes of sediment transport in a river impact on overall aquatic system and result in the productivity decrease of socio-economic development projects taking the river as a source of water. The present study was designed to estimate Sebeya river sediment load and assess its impacts on Lake Kivu, Gihira water treatment plant and various hydropower plants constructed in Sebeya catchment located in Western Province of Rwanda. Water samples were hand-collected from five different sampling points along Sebeya river during rainy and dry seasons. Laboratory analysis for turbidity, total suspended solids, sieve analysis for bed load materials and NPK content of water samples were conducted. The results revealed that the average turbidity was found to be high during rainy season compared to dry season. The same trend was found in total suspended solids concentrations. At all 5 sampling sites and during rainy season compared to dry season, the average mass flowrates of bed load materials were 7.84 and 2.96 kg/hr respectively. Sieve analysis results showed that all bed load sediments were mainly composed of high proportions of fine sand of more than 70% which adversely causes damages on hydropower turbines and the effect of high soil erosion rates on Gihira water treatment plant was traduced by high turbidity of raw water and excessive costs of reagents. At Sebeya outlet, nutrients load and high turbidity reduce significantly the aesthetic quality of Lake Kivu, having a harmful impact on recreation and tourism, aquatic life and affect the livelihoods of people living in the vicinity. Researchers recommend two options of reducing the amount of sediment load in Sebeya river: either to prevent soil erosion or to trap eroded sediment at the upstream of the hydropower and the water treatment plants. Assessing the sediment load fluctuations in Sebeya river is useful for water managers and planners to adjust operations accordingly at water treatment and hydropower plants.

Анализ реализации региональных стратегий (на примере стратегий Новосибирской области и Республики Тыва)

Today, strategic planning is widely used in the contemporary Russian public administration practices for regional socio-economic development. Since 2005, the regions have started to develop their own economic strategies, most of which were adopted before 2020, so it is not too soon to sum up the implementation results of regional strategies for this period, i.e. assessment of target values of socio-economic indicators, implementation of socio-economic projects, completion of the construction projects provided for in the strategic planning documents. The paper analyzes the achievement of certain targets indicators in the development strategies of the Republic of Tuva and the Novosibirsk Region. Currently, the mechanism to monitor the implementation of strategic documents is not well developed. The development of such a monitoring procedure would make it possible to turn the strategy from a “goal setting document” into an effective tool for the public and non-government organizations to evaluate the efforts of regional executive bodies towards promoting socio-economic development of the region. The development of performance assessment methodologies is complicated by the impossibility to apply a uniform strategic methodology because the strategies are different for each region.