Socio-economic Problems Research Articles

Assessment of the causes of educational decline in the Maghreb countries

The education systems in Maghreb countries, including Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia, are experiencing significant deterioration due to a mix of internal and external factors. Internally, challenges such as outdated curricula, poor teacher training, overcrowded classrooms, and inadequate infrastructure undermine the quality of education. These issues are worsened by administrative inefficiencies and insufficient investment. Externally, socio-economic problems like high unemployment, political instability, and limited funding further strain the education sector. Additionally, the rapid pace of globalization and technological advancements outstrip the capabilities of these education systems to adapt. Cultural factors, including societal attitudes toward education, also contribute to the decline. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive reforms, such as updating curricula, investing in infrastructure and teacher training, and shifting cultural perceptions to prioritize education as a cornerstone for national development.

Сharacteristics of demolition waste management in the regions of Ukraine

The volume of waste left from war-related destruction amounts to 10-12 million tons per year. Such volume is comparable to the annual volume of municipal solid waste generated in Ukraine. This situation led to formation of unauthorized landfills and complicated the existing problem of industrial, consumer, construction and demolition waste management. Consequently, the issue of destruction waste management became a pressing environmental and socio-economic problem. The objective of this research is to assess the characteristics of destruction waste management in the regions of Ukraine. Destruction waste is generated during construction of new buildings and public structures, as well as during renovation or demolition of existing buildings and structures; including general-use facilities. It is estimated that, before the war, nearly 7 million tons of construction and demolition waste was generated annually, with more than 50% being transported to municipal solid waste landfills. Specialized landfills for its disposal were virtually non-existent in the regions of Ukraine, so this waste, despite its resource value, was taken to municipal solid waste landfills or unauthorized dumps. Some components of construction and demolition waste are toxic. Destruction waste includes parts (fragments) of damaged (destroyed) objects, as well as materials and items that were inside or next to such objects at the time of damage (destruction) and/or during disassembly activities, including those that fully or partially lost their consumer properties and cannot be reused at the place of their origin or discovery. Destruction waste pollutes the environment, so one of the ways to reduce environmental risks is to develop an effective waste management system to stop chaotic processes during disassembly activities. Destruction waste differs from construction and demolition waste by the presence of accompanying hazardous components, complicating the development of a waste management system. The main components of destruction waste should be used as secondary raw materials for construction, production of building materials and other purposes. Provided that appropriate physical-geographic, engineering-geological, hydrogeological, technical, and socio-economic conditions are available, it is advisable to create temporary waste storage sites, with their subsequent use as secondary raw materials in the post-war period for restoration of civil, industrial, and transport infrastructure in the regions of Ukraine.

PSXI-5 Transforming retailer’s food waste into silage for sustainable animal nutrition

Abstract Food waste (FW) represents a major environmental and socio-economic problem. In Canada, about 11.2 million metric tons of avoidable food waste is produced yearly. An alternative to reduce this impact would be preserving a greater proportion of this, for livestock feed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use discarded fruits, vegetables, and bakery products from retailers (FW), ensile them, and assess their nutritional value and contribution to a sustainable livestock feed supply. For this, two treatments for reducing the moisture content of FW were evaluated: Sun-dried (SD), and Passive-dried (PD), were compared with Control (C), using laboratory mini-silos over 60 d of ensiling. Although dry matter (DM) increased by 1-5% for PD and SD, respectively, up to 41.9% of bread products were required to produce a targeted silage DM of 38%. Silage aerobic stability was assessed during 20 d exposure to air. Chemical analyses (pH, volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, ammonia) were assessed in pre-fermentation (d 0), and post-fermentation (d 60). Nutritional quality was evaluated according to AOAC standard methods. Statistical analyses employed mixed models for nutritional and fermentation data, with drying treatments (C, PD, SD) as fixed effects. All mature silages were greater in crude protein (15.2 to 15.7%), crude fat (6.0 to 6.3%), sodium (0.48 to 0.52 %), sugars (WSC; 0.95 to 1.53 %), and less in neutral detergent fiber (6.2 to 7.6%) as compared with traditional silages used as livestock feed. Fermentation parameters showed that lactic acid content was greater than acetic acid, and pH decreased from a maximum of 5.26 at d 0 to a minimum of 3.85 at d 60. Mycophenolic acid was the only mycotoxin above the limit of detection in d 0 silage, with all mycotoxins below reference concentrations at d 60. Plate counts of molds and yeasts declined (P < 0.001) by 5 to 7 log colony-forming units (CFU) over 60 d of fermentation and were not detected in mature silage. Silage showed aerobic stability after 20 d of aerobic exposure (pH 3.86 ± 0.027). In conclusion, ensiling FW could be a viable way of converting low-value waste products into good-quality feed. However, approaches other than SD and PD are required for increasing silage DM as insufficient bread products may be available for this purpose in all batches of FW. Further study of palatability along with digestibility testing will be needed for a scaling-up process.

Coal Ash Triggers an Elevated Temperature Landfill Development: Lessons from the Bristol Virginia Solid Waste Landfill Neighboring Community

Landfills for disposing of solid waste are designed, located, managed, and monitored facilities expected to comply with government regulations to prevent contamination of the surrounding environment. After the average life expectancy of a typical landfill (30 to 50 years), a large investment in the construction, operation, final closure, and 30-year monitoring of a new site is needed. In this case study, we provide a holistic explanation of the unexpected development of elevated temperature landfills (ETLFs), such as that in the city of Bristol (United States) on the border of the states of Virginia and Tennessee, including the initial role played by coal ash. Despite the increasing frequency of ETLF occurrence, there is limited knowledge available about their associated environmental problems. The study uses mixed (qualitative, quantitative, and mapping) methods to analyze (1) the levels of odoriferous reduced sulfur compounds, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted, (2) the ratio of methane to carbon dioxide concentrations in five locations, which dropped from unity (normal landfill) to 0.565, (3) the location of gas well heads with gradients of elevated temperatures, and (4) the correlation of the filling rate (upward of ~12 m y−1) with depth for registered events depositing coal ash waste. The work identifies spatial patterns that support the conclusion that coal ash served as the initiator for an ETLF creation. The case of the city of Bristol constitutes an example of ETLFs with elevated temperatures above the regulatory United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) upper threshold (65 °C), having alongside low methane emissions, large production of leachate, land subsidence, and a large production of organic compounds. Such landfills suffer abnormal chemical reactions within the waste mass that reduce the life expectancy of the site. Residents in such communities suffer intolerable odors from fugitive emissions and poor air quality becomes prominent, affecting the well-being and economy of surrounding populations. Conclusive information available indicates that the Bristol landfill has been producing large amounts of leachate and hazardous gases under the high pressures and temperatures developed within the landfill. A lesson learned, which should be used to prevent this problem in the future, is that the early addition of coal ash into the landfill would have catalyzed the process of ETLF creation. The work considers the public health risks and socioeconomic problems of residents exposed to emissions from an ETLF and discusses the efforts needed to prevent further incidents in other locations.

About Some Socio-economic Problems and Risks of Artificial Intelligence

Article analyses some socio-economic risks related to application of artificial intelligence (AI) in several fields of activity. Also, existing gaps in legal regulation of activities related to artificial intelligence are investigated. Article clarifies issues related to determining the division of liability for certain legal consequences resulting from artificial intelligence activity. Also, norms and principles to be adhered to in order to protect personal data during application of AI are demonstrated. As one of the concerns among people regarding artificial intelligence, article notes the importance of provision of transparence and accountability of this technology. Simultaneously, article interprets problems arising from relations of artificial intelligence and intellectual property, as well as recognition of property rights for intellectual products created via AI. Also, macro and micro-level impact of artificial intelligence on economy is analyzed. Attention is paid to issues such as productivity, competition, changes in the nature of the labor market, the increase in unemployment, and the deepening of social and digital inequality as a result of the application of this technology. Moreover, advantages and risks of human-robot collaboration are evaluated. Article demonstrates the biggest threats of artificial intelligence – creation of fake content, misinformation and hence, creation of significant problems. Prevention methods of those threats are interpreted on technological and legal planes. Also, risks of application of artificial intelligence in critical fields such as military and health are characterized.

Medical and Social Characteristics of Toxicological Patients

Background: Acute poisoning of chemical etiology is currently a significant socio-economic and medical problem. It is a leading cause of high morbidity and premature mortality among the economically active population. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the medical and social characteristics of toxicological patients. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 patients with acute chemical poisoning treated at the Specialized Toxicology Centre in Saint Petersburg. Data were collected by copying material from medical records and conducting a survey among patients. The data were then assessed using statistical methods. Results: In the studied group of toxicological patients, the majority (62.0%) were men. Age distribution showed that most patients (62.0%) were between 20 - 40 years old. More than half (55.0%) were unemployed, and only 25.0% were married. Analysis of the patient distribution by diagnosis showed that a large proportion (44.0%) had been poisoned with drugs, 26.0% with medications, 17.0% with ethanol, 11.0% with psychotropic drugs, and 2.0% with other substances. The main causes of poisoning were drug overdose (44.0%), self-medication (26.0%), and intoxication (21.0%). One-third of the patients (33.0%) had a concomitant viral infection. Additionally, 37.0% of patients consumed alcohol more than once a week, and half of the patients (50.0%) associated drinking alcohol with relaxation and pleasure. The largest proportion of patients (56.0%) did not engage in sports or other forms of physical activity at home. Conclusions: Analysis of the medical and social characteristics of toxicological patients indicates a need for public hygiene education measures to promote social competence and cultivate a negative attitude towards harmful factors affecting health.

Empowering University Graduates for Self-Defined Careers via Entrepreneurship: A Roadmap

The increasing unemployment among the educated groups has become a major socio-economic problem which is being addressed by Higher education system of India which is relentlessly working towards developing a culture of generating successful entrepreneurs. Different studies have been conducted to demonstrate how entrepreneurial education imparted by academic institutions has paved way for students to become self-reliant. This research work has been focussed on identifying the bottlenecks/ lacunae in education system that hamper the growth of students as entrepreneurs. The main instrument of study was a questionnaire that confirmed validity by a panel of experts. This study used 120 respondents from postgraduate students of SKUAST-Kashmir where 50% of the respondents were female students. The results of study showed that majority of respondents lacked the confidence and skills to become entrepreneurs. The investigation has suggested the pathways to overcome these drawbacks thus making University education system more entrepreneurship oriented. The study concluded that for motivating, developing positive attitude and expertise among the students regarding entrepreneurship, the universities need to reframe their syllabus and pedagogy which is focused on practical applicability of a subject. The research work also highlighted the importance of including entrepreneurship related subject from 1st year up to the final year of the study in order to inculcate the culture of entrepreneurship among the students. The study suggested the steps to be undertaken for making higher education system more entrepreneurship focused and result oriented.

Трудовые ресурсы в условиях военной опасности как ключевой фактор повышения промышленного потенциала

The article examines the problem of mobilising the industrial potential of Russia in terms of the growing military danger during SMO under decrease in the demographic and labour potential of the Russian Federation. The authors emphasize the effective involvement of labour resources is a key element for development of the industrial potential. Those are necessary to counter the increasing escalation of the military conflict and the desire of Western countries for military and political defeat of Russia. However, the reduction of labour potential and the aging of the population can cause serious socio-economic and political problems. A liberal approach to migration poses long-term threats to the State. Unregulated migration processes will inevitably cause an increase in unemployment, a decrease in the share Russian nation itself, loss of national identity, social tension, and cultural, ethnic, and religious conflicts. It requires a thorough systematised approach and effective monitoring of demographic trends. The state should find a balance between attracting labour from outside and increasing its own labour resources. It also should provide the rational use of existing labour resources.

Integrating social policy dimensions into entrepreneurship education: a perspective from India

Social innovation and social enterprise are often supposed as methodological solutions to address multifaceted socio-economic problems, due to the sharing of ideas and their involvement of stakeholders from different sectors. This cooperative treatise (Ziegler in Innov Eur J Soc Sci Res 30:388–405, 2017) is striking to legislators across the political gamut. This research is therefore positioned within the broader literature on social innovation and its policy relevance; even though social innovation is not a novel thought, the application of social innovation as a policy idea and its part in relation to the restructuring of the prevailing welfare establishment has gained momentum in recent years. Hence, in their paper the authors will examine how social enterprise as a concept can act as a positive catalyst for influencing policy (i.e. public and social) in the developing world. To meet the overall aim of this paper, the authors employed a case study of India and applied a three-step approach, namely: (1) a literature review process that explored a variety of policy methods that can influence on the accomplishment and measurement of social enterprises; (2) a policy survey, which entailed desk-based searches of national and state-level policies, followed by stakeholder consultation queries to complement online results; and (3) qualitative interviews with stakeholders from government agencies and departments at national and state levels, including the Ministry of Finance, representatives of private industry, chambers of commerce, social investors, social enterprise networks, and advocacy leads. The research findings that are presented in this paper were funded by Delhi School of Public Policy and Governance, Institute of Eminence at the University of Delhi.

Comparison of the researched analyses evaluating the physiotherapy of the pain with a cause in the region of the cervical spine

Introduction. Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal problem. This individual and socio-economic health problem is associated with a reduction in daily activities, a reduction in labour productivity and an impact on quality of life levels. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy of non-specific pain originating from the cervical region in terms of the applied physiotherapy methods. Methods. 40 research articles published in 2018-2023 in journals with registration in databases Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus were included in the research. Results. The most frequent target studied was the education of patients on ergonomics, correct posture and home exercises. The preparation phase of therapy included the administration of thermotherapy and electrotherapy – ultrasound or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), classical massage, administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The techniques often used were manipulation and/or mobilization, trigger and tender points therapy – acupressure, acupuncture, dry needle application. Among the therapeutic methods, the most frequently chosen are exercises in the form of pilates, yoga, Alexander technique, sensomotor training, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, Jakobson progressive muscle relaxation. Reduction of painful mobility was addressed by the application of local immobilization and kineziotaping. Conclusion. According to the results of our analysis, the combination of several physiotherapy techniques and methods appears to be significantly effective for reducing pain and improving quality of life.

THE ECONOMIC PROSPECTS OF SOME ADJARA TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE LOCATIONS

Lasha Mgeladze E-mail: Mgeladzee@yahoo.com Master, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Batumi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2445-2567 Abstract: The present work discusses basic characteristics of economic potential of some Adjara tourism infrastructure locations, as well as prospect economic views connected to tourism industry. Besides, it envisages certain issues of Adjara tourism infrastructure development, their solutions and general economic strategies, its impact on socio-economic, ecological and demographic problems of region population, in particular, focus is on those basic tourism locations, the economic potential of which has positive reflect on socio-economic life of region population. The given Article gives proper conclusions in which Author’s views are established about Adjara tourism development issues and capacities. Keywords: Idnustry, Infrastructure, Location, Transformation, Capabilities JEL classification: R1, R3

Developing collaborative ecosystem platforms to trigger sustainable “place-based” value creation: a dynamic performance governance approach

PurposeThis paper aims to illustrate how service ecosystem governance may provide a suitable ground to pursue holistic resilience to “wicked” socio-economic and ecological problems, for enhancing “place-based” sustainable performance outcomes through an organizational, interorganizational and context setting.Design/methodology/approachThis work suggests the use of “place-based” collaborative ecosystem platforms driven by a dynamic performance governance approach as a setting where facilitated performance dialogue is carried out among networked stakeholders. This fosters a holistic view of performance sustainability where intangibles, inertial, cultural and behavioral factors play a key role in policy analysis.FindingsThe paper illustrates how different research streams framing stakeholder relationships under a business, hybrid organization and public sector perspective converge toward the “service ecosystem” construct, as a common field for sustainable “place-based” value creation. This performance governance perspective frames accountability for achieving sustainable outcomes through interconnected viewpoints, i.e. (1) time (short vs long-term), (2) subject (single organization, “theme-focused” service ecosystem and “place-based” service ecosystem) and (3) field (socio-economic, cultural and ecological).Originality/valueThis work has an interdisciplinary track. It recommends feedback and “stock-and-flow” modeling to enhance framing counterintuitive patterns of behavior of dynamic complex socio-economic, cultural and ecological subsystems within “place-based” collaborative ecosystem platforms. Combining an inside-out with an outside-in view triggers sustainable outcome-based dynamic performance governance through an organizational, interorganizational and context setting.

Epidemiology of Chronic Shoulder Pain Among Adult Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India.

Introduction Chronic shoulder pain(CSP) is a significant medical and socioeconomic problem that hinders daily living activities, creating a burden on the individual and society. An epidemiological study will help to find out the risk factors and their impact, thereby giving medical practitioners and policymakers the necessary tools to tackle the problem. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India over a period of four years from 2018 to 2021 using a structured questionnaire, clinical and radiological examination, and visual analog score (VAS). The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results A statistically significant correlation was found between CSP and increasing age, occupational risk factors like vibrations, repetitive movements, lifting heavy objects, repetitive lifting of the arm above the shoulderand sitting in the same posture for a prolonged time, and work stress. Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes mellitus were found to increase the risk of shoulder pain, smoking, and alcoholism. There was a higher incidence of rotator cuff pathology and frozen shoulder among those who had CSP. Conclusion CSP affects the quality of life and the productivity of the patients. Reducing the physical and psychosocial risk factors is the key to decreasing its prevalence. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a good working environment is very essential.

Spatiotemporal shifts in humidification zones: assessing climate impact on bioclimatic landscapes.

Climate change is a global problem that is accompanied by the significant changes in humidification conditions in many regions all over the world. The study examined spatiotemporal changes in humidification zones in southern Russia in the period 1961-2020. Humidification zones were determined in accordance with the classification of the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient. During the research period, a significant increase in average annual temperatures was noted for the region (+ 0.31°C/decade) and generally positive, but insignificant, dynamics of annual precipitation (+ 4.80mm/decade). These changes were accompanied by a significant shift in the humidification zones. Despite some periods of decline, the territories of semi-desert and desert zones, as well as dry steppes, have significantly expanded from the east of the region to the west in the last decade. The expansion of these zones was primarily due to a reduction in the area of the more humid steppe zone, with a lesser contribution from the forest-steppe zone. Overall, during the study period, the area of semi-desert and desert zone expanded by an average of + 5.505 thou km2/decade. The zone of the Taiga and deciduous forests has not undergone significant changes. The results obtained indicate arid warming and a general deterioration in humidification conditions in most of southern Russia in the period 1961-2020. According to calculations, further warming, other things being equal, can lead to an even greater expansion of the semi-desert and desert bioclimatic zone, which can provoke a number of socio-economic and environmental problems, especially in the eastern part of the region.

Food Insecurity and Nutritional Inadequacy in Children and Adolescents of Basic Education Schools of Cantagalo District in São Tomé and Príncipe, Central Africa.

Food insecurity (FI) is a critical socioeconomic and public health problem globally, particularly affecting children's nutritional status and development. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of nutritional inadequacy among children and adolescents in the Cantagalo district of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), in Central Africa. It also assessed their households' FI situation and examined sociodemographic, anthropometric, and nutritional characteristics associated with severe FI. Data included 546 children/adolescents (51.8% males, aged 9-15 years) from the eight public basic education schools. A structured questionnaire provided sociodemographic data, while anthropometric measurements assessed nutritional status. Dietary intake data were gathered using a single 24 h dietary recall, and the adjusted prevalences of nutritional inadequacy were obtained using version 2.0 of the PC-Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE®). The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale was used to assess FI, and households were classified as severely or non-severely food insecure. Multivariable binary logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders identified factors related to FI. Children's/adolescents' thinness was exhibited in 34.1% of participants, and over 95% had inadequate intake of essential micronutrients, including iron. Notably, 73.7% were severely food insecure. A higher severity of FI was positively associated with a lower intake of iron and certain household head characteristics, such as being female or older, and negatively associated with having a home garden.

Analysing The Implementation of Agrarian Reform Policy in Supporting National Resilience

Agrarian reform is a strategic policy that aims to redistribute land to the community, tiny farmers, and tenants to reduce land ownership inequality and improve people's welfare. Land inequality in Indonesia is very high, with the land tenure Gini index reaching 0.68, higher than the income Gini index, which stands at 0.388. This inequality not only creates socio-economic problems such as poverty and agrarian conflict but also impacts national resilience. This research uses SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to evaluate the implementation of agrarian reform policy and determine the right strategy to accelerate its implementation in supporting national resilience. This analysis identifies several strengths in the agrarian reform policy, such as government commitment and adequate infrastructure support. However, areas for improvement, such as lack of optimization of access to agrarian reform programs and slow resolution of land disputes, were also found. Opportunities include community empowerment and increased economic resources, while threats come from resistance from parties with specific interests and challenges in land redistribution. The results of this analysis are expected to provide strategic recommendations to improve the implementation of agrarian reform policies, such as strengthening cross-sectoral cooperation, increasing socialization and training, and improving access to information for the community. Thus, an effective agrarian reform program is expected to enhance community welfare and contribute to national resilience.

The Third Plenum of the CCP Central Committee: Factors of Instability and Development Prospects

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee (June 15–18) was one of the central events in China's political life in 2024. The delay for more than six months in holding the plenum increased the sense of growing instability in China's development, caused by the slow economic recovery after the pandemic, as well as the high-profile resignations of Foreign Minister Qin Gang and Defense Minister Liu Shangfu. The technical postponement of the plenum disrupted the procedure for making the most important state decisions typical for the Soviet-type republics. The timing and agenda of the plenum reaffirmed the seriousness of the challenges faced by the Communist Party leadership in the economy and on the international arena. The Communist Party's search for a new model and a new theoretical concept of development is complicated by the need to take into account not only the constantly worsening international situation, the economic difficulties and socio-economic problems, but also the emergence of new productive forces and changes in the mode of production caused by the use of artificial intelligence, digital technologies, etc. The process of searching for new theoretical foundations continued at the plenum, the Decision of which formulated the main provisions for the development of China until 2029. Special attention was paid to the development of innovations, fundamental research, and the development of international cooperation in science and education in order to maintain high economic growth rates. Noticeably less attention was paid to solving social problems and social justice. An important direction of intra-party life was the continuing weakening of the role of the military in the leadership of the party and the political system of the PRC.

A Methodological Benchmark in Determining the Urban Growth: Spatiotemporal Projections for Eskişehir, Türkiye

Urban growth changes spatial uses over time due to different dynamics. These processes cause many physical, environmental, and socioeconomic problems, such as climate change, pollution, and population-related events. Therefore, it is essential to predict future urban expansion to produce effective policies in sustainable urban planning and make long-term plans. Many models, such as dynamic, statistical, and Cellular Automata and Markov Chain (CA-MC) models, are used in geographic information system (GIS) environments to meet the high-performance requirements of land use modeling. This study estimated the growth of settled areas in Eskişehir city center using models developed using two different methods. In this context, settled areas in the city center were examined within the scope of 1990–2018, and the growth areas of settled areas in 2046 were predicted using the CA-Markov method in Model 1: Quantum GIS (QGIS) MOLUSCE plugin and Model 2: IDRISI Selva. While settled areas are continuously increasing, other urban areas are decreasing. Model 1 predicts an increase of 1195 ha in settled areas by 2046, while Model 2 predicts an increase of 45,022 ha. At the same time, it is concluded that settled areas will grow in a central location in Model 1, while they will spread in an east-west extension in Model 2. The study results show that QGIS-based modeling predicts more limited spatial growth than IDRISI Selva. The research interprets growth in terms of the staging of urban services, the population size of neighboring cities, distances, and income levels based on the internal and external dynamics of the city.

The Geography of Food Insecurity. A Taxonomical Analysis

The problem of food insecurity is worsening in a multi-crisis world simultaneously affected by socio-economic, health, governance and environmental problems. This article characterizes the geography of food insecurity based on six influential theories that explain the emergence of the most dramatic manifestation of food insecurity: famines. We build a taxonomy of 98 developing countries using a clustering procedure and identify four groups of countries with different vulnerabilities. The multidimensional analysis depicts a complex map of the diversity of human vulnerabilities that trigger hunger and famines across the world.

Migration agenda of the Kaliningrad region in the context of socio-economic development of Russia

Relevance. The socio-economic context of the importance of migration policy is represented by a wide range of areas. First of all, the intensity of migration processes significantly correlates with the state of the labor market, influencing the balance of supply and demand. The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of migration policy, both for the socio-economic development of the state and for ensuring national security in the strategic management horizon. The importance of building an effective migration policy has a significant level of importance for modern Russia. Taking into account the author’s position, the geopolitical situation and the retrospective history of international communications make Russia the center of gravity of migration flows, which requires the establishment of high-quality control not only over their intensity, but also over their structural content.The purpose is to determine the most effective tools for improving migration policy, taking into account territorial specifics.Objectives: to clarify the theoretical and methodological aspects of the implementation of state migration policy in Russia; reveal the features, analytical indicators and organizational mechanisms for implementing migration policy in Russia, taking into account the territorial specifics of the Kaliningrad region.Methodology. The methodological “portfolio” of the study is built on the basis of the provisions of socioeconomic theories of migration process management using quantitative methods of data collection and analysis.Results. A targeted analysis was carried out, as a result of which effective tools were identified for improving migration policy in the Kaliningrad region based on the adaptation of the universal migration project in the Kaliningrad city management system, creating the prerequisites for increasing its effectiveness and achieving target indicators.Conclusion. Improving migration policy is an objective necessity in order to solve a number of socio-economic problems and minimize risks to national security.